02471nas a2200349 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260001600225300000900241490000700250520140800257653002701665653002101692653002401713653002701737653001001764653002601774653001701800653002201817653002401839653003101863653000901894653001201903653003301915653002301948653001001971653002401981653002102005100002302026856007202049 2024 eng d a2213-224400aHow many threatened lice are there? An approximation to the red list of the Spanish Phthiraptera0 aHow many threatened lice are there An approximation to the red l cApr-01-2024 a5 pp0 v233 a

Highlights

Abstract

Although the idea of conserving parasites as part of biodiversity is not new, these in general and lice in particular, are not included in the threatened list of invertebrate fauna. Assuming that the conservation status of a lice species is similar to that of its host, the number of threatened lice within the Spanish entomofauna was estimated based on the known host-lice assemblages. The lice parasitizing many of the Spanish birds and mammals are unknown. Overall, I found 6 extinct (EX) species; 4 critically endangered (CR); 15 endangered (EN), 7 vulnerable (VU) and 1 species near threatened (NT), at regional level. Since the status of hosts varies through time and space, it, (together with those of their lice, must be periodically updated. In addition to a number of reasons that justify the conservation of parasites, lice deserve being conserved, particularly, because of their scientific value.

 

10aAegypoecus perspicuous10aAquila adalberti10aAquiligogus barbate10aAquiligogus imperialis10abirds10aColoceras brittanicum10aconservation10aGyps hymalayensis10aHalipeurus abnormis10aHohortsiella streptopeliae10alice10amammals10aNeocolpocephalum percnopteri10aNisaetus cirrhatus10aSpain10aStreptopelia turtur10aTurnix sylvatica1 aPérez, Jesús, M. uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442300104902103nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245018500055210006900240260001200309300001000321520144900331100002801780700002401808700002001832856009301852 2020 eng d a0008-347X00aInfestation parameters of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on bald eagles, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae), in Manitoba, Canada0 aInfestation parameters of chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera an c12-2019 a1 - 93 a

Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus); Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) from 92 locations in Manitoba were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from 1992 to 2017. Bald eagles were salvaged from rehabilitation hospitals and were examined using two methods, dry-ruffling (n = 107) and washing (n = 40). We collected 39 066 bald eagle lice of four genera and six species: Colpocephalum flavescens (De Haan), C. napiforme (Rudow), C. turbinatum (Denny) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (total for all Colpocephalum species = 18 082), Craspedorrhynchus halieti (Osborn) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 49), Degeeriella discocephalus (Burmeister) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 20 912), and Kurodaia fulvofasciata (Piaget) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (n = 23). Quantitative data were collected on all genera with the comparison of washed to dry-ruffled. Colpocephalum flavescens and D. discocephalus dominated the louse populations, with similar prevalence and mean intensity. Both genera had sex ratios near 1.0, and similar nymph-to-female ratios near 3:1. The dry-ruffling method was relatively inefficient, collecting 11% as many lice as the washing method. Total prevalence for dry-ruffled birds was 63%; total mean intensity was 103.5, but for washed birds, the prevalence was 93% with a mean intensity of 861.1. No Laemobothrion vulturis (Fabricius) (Phthiraptera: Laemobothriidae) were found.

1 aLavallée, Christie, D.1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aRochon, Kateryn uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000671/type/journal_article01605nas a2200157 4500008004100000245016300041210006900204260000900273300001100282490000700293520103300300653000901333653000801342100001801350856007901368 1997 eng d00aDo two species of Degeeriella (Insecta, Phthiraptera, Ischnocera) live on Steller's Sea Eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus? With biographical remarks on G. W. Steller0 aDo two species of Degeeriella Insecta Phthiraptera Ischnocera li c1997 a1 - 180 v363 a

Degeeriella discocephala stelleri nov. subspec. and Kelerinirmus rufus camtschaticus nov. subspec. are described and illustrated. Their discovery casts light on G. W. Steller's (1709-1746) parasitological interests in exploring scientifically the Far East. Degeeriella Neumann is opposed to Kelerinirmus Eichler. The latter genus often has been seen as synonym of Degeeriella, which seems not justified according to their synhospital appearance on Aquila and Haliaeetus and their ecological and morphological differences. Apart from these newly described ischnoceran chewing lice the following other parasites have been found on Steller's Sea-Eagle nestlings between 1989 and 1993 on Kamchatka: nematodes of the gut, Dermanyssus sp. (Atari, Mesostigmata) in the eyrie and plumage as well as Aquiligogus flavescens ssp. (Insecta, Amblycera) in plumage. This only begins the exploration of parasites of this host. First parasitophyletic deductions support the thesis of the monophyly of the Sea-Eagles Haliaeetus.

10amtax10aPHP1 aMey, Eberhard uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0526.pdf00531nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260000900208300001400217490000600231653000900237653001300246653000800259100002700267856007900294 1896 eng d00aNew Mallophaga, II, from land birds; together with an account of the Mallophagous mouth-parts0 aNew Mallophaga II from land birds together with an account of th c1896 a431 - 5480 v610amtax10aMyrsidea10aPHP1 aKellogg, Vernon, Lyman uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0474.pdf