02670nas a2200325 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001200214490000700226520162300233653001701856653001001873653002501883653002901908653001201937653001001949653002201959653002701981100002902008700002102037700002302058700003302081700002802114700002502142700002802167700003102195700002102226700002602247856007102273 2021 eng d00aIdentification of parasitic arthropods collected from domestic and wild animals in Yucatan, Mexico.0 aIdentification of parasitic arthropods collected from domestic a a647-6580 v673 a

The morphological characterization of ectoparasites from domestic and wild animals is crucial to distinguish those that may be involved in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The objectives of this work were to identify parasitic arthropods collected from several hosts in Yucatan State, Mexico and to determine the prevalence of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in sylvatic specimens of Triatoma dimidiata. Morphological traits and scanning electron microscopy were used to confirm some parasitic identities. In total, 834 parasitic arthropods of various taxa were identified. Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Amblyomma parvum, Dermacentor variabilis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus were identified from dogs, horses, sheep, and deer. The flea Ctenocephalides felis was identified from dogs and the human flea, Pulex irritans was found on horses and sheep. The Neotropical deer ked Lipoptena mazamae was identified from brown brocket deer Mazama pandora. The chewing lice Chelopistes meleagridis, Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Myrsidea sp. and Lipeurus caponis were identified from poultry (Meleagris gallopavo and Gallus gallus). Other chewing lice, Tyranniphilopterus sp., Columbicola columbae, and Physconelloides eurysema were identified from wild birds Pachyramphus aglaiae, Patagioenas flavirostris and Zenaida asiatica, respectively. Trypanosoma cruzi was present in 52.5% of sylvatic adult T. dimidiata. Several of these findings represent new records of ectoparasites for Yucatan and new distribution areas in Mexico. The implications for human and animal health are discussed.

10aChewing lice10afleas10aNeotropical deer ked10aPatagioenas flavirostris10apoultry10aticks10aTrypanosoma cruzi10aTyranniphilopterus sp.1 aGarcia-Rejon, Julian, E.1 aTzuc-Dzul, Julio1 aCetina-Trejo, Rosa1 aMadera-Navarrete, Miguel, I.1 aCigarroa-Toledo, Nohemi1 aChan-Perez, Jose, I.1 aOrtega-Pacheco, Antonio1 aTorres-Chable, Oswaldo, M.1 aPietri, Jose, E.1 aBaak-Baak, Carlos, M. uhttps://annals-parasitology.eu/archive_2001_2022/2021-67-4_647.pdf06942nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245017800055210007000233260001600303300000900319490000700328520606200335653001806397653001506415653001006430653001206440100002806452700004006480700002606520700003006546700002306576700003606599856005306635 2022 eng d a2178-376400aEFICÁCIA DO CALDO DE FUMO (NICOTIANA TABACUM) NO CONTROLE DO MENACANTHUS STRAMINEUS (PHTHIRAPTERA: MENOPONIDAE) EM GALINHAS POEDEIRAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SALINAS, MINAS GERAIS0 aEFICÁCIA DO CALDO DE FUMO NICOTIANA TABACUM NO CONTROLE DO MENAC cJun-06-2022 a1-110 v293 a

Paper in Portugese.

Em granjas de postura, infestações por ectoparasitas são um problema que gera gastos e diminui a produção dos animais, pelo aumento do estresse. O piolho Menacanthus stramineus é apontado como um dos principais parasitas na avicultura comercial. Há um interesse crescente no uso de abordagens de controle de parasitos na produção de aves minimizando o uso de pesticidas sintéticos tradicionais. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia do caldo de fumo (Nicotiana tabacum) no controle do Menacanthus stramineus (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) em galinhas poedeiras no município de Salinas, Minas Gerais. Para isso, 30 galinhas poedeiras naturalmente infestadas por piolhos, oriundas dos Setor de Zootecnia I do Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - Campus Salinas (IFNMG), foram selecionadas aleatoriamente e divididas em três grupos, mantidos em galpões distintos e separados: Grupo I- Tratado com caldo de fumo, conforme Sagrilo e colaboradores (2007); Grupo II- Tratado com Colosso Pulverização®, diluídos 11ml em nove litros; Grupo III- Controle, tratado com água, sendo todos os grupos submetidos ao tratamento por imersão em balde com nove litros de solução. Espécimes de piolhos foram coletados manualmente através de inspeção visual, juntamente com penas contendo ovos em sua base e encaminhados ao Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária (LPV) do IFNMG, para realização do diagnóstico parasitológico através de chaves de identificação. Os espécimes foram clarificados em hidróxido de potássio a 10% e observados em microscopia óptica nas objetivas de 4x e 10x. Os ovos foram observados em microscópio estereoscópico, no aumento de 4x. Todas as galinhas foram diagnosticadas com infestação por ovos e adultos de M. stramineus. Para o banho de imersão, as aves foram seguradas pelo pescoço e pelas asas, mergulhando todo seu corpo em balde plástico. Sete dias após a realização dos tratamentos, as aves foram novamente examinadas em uma inspeção visual pelos mesmos examinadores.  O Grupo I não apresentou ovos e nem adultos de M. stramineus em nenhuma ave, revelando 100% de eficácia. O Grupo II não apresentou adultos, mas foram observados ovos aderidos à base das penas, friáveis ao toque, em nove aves. Posteriormente, verificou-se que se tratava de cascas de ovos vazias. E, o Grupo III estava ainda intensamente parasitado por ovos e adultos de M. stramineus. Conclui-se que o caldo de fumo (Nicotiana tabacum) preparado conforme descrito na metodologia do presente trabalho, é eficaz no controle do piolho Menacanthus stramineus (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) em galinhas poedeiras no município de Salinas, Minas Gerais.

Palavra-chave:Ectoparasito,piolho,avesdepostura,avicultura

English translated title: EFFICACY OF TOBACCO BROTH (NICOTIANA TABACUM) IN THE CONTROL OF  MENACANTHUS STRAMINEUS (PHTHIRAPTERA: MENOPONIDAE) IN LAYING HENS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF  SALINAS, MINAS GERAIS

Abstract:In laying hens barns, ectoparasite infestations are a problem that generates expenses and decreases animal  production due to increased stress. The Menacanthus stramineus louse is considered one of the main parasites in  commercial poultry. There is growing interest in the use of parasite control approaches in poultry production while minimizing the use of traditional synthetic pesticides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tobacco broth (Nicotiana tabacum) in controlling Menacanthus stramineus (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) in laying hens in the municipality of Salinas, Minas Gerais. Thus, 30 laying hens naturally infested with lice, housed at the Zootechnics Sector I at the Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais – Campus Salinas (FINMG) were randomly selected and divided into three groups, which were kept in different and separated barns: Group I- Treated with tobacco broth, according to Sagrilo et al (2007); Group II- Treated with Colosso Pulverização®, diluted 11ml in nine liters; Group III- Control, treated with water. All groups were elaborated for treatment by immersion in a bucket with nine liters of solution. Lice specimens were manually collected through visual inspection including feathers containing eggs at their base and then sent to the Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory (VPL) at the FINMG for parasitological diagnosis by using identification keys. The specimens were clarified in potassium hydroxide 10% and observed under optical microscopy at 4x and 10x objectives. The eggs were observed under a stereoscopic microscope at 4x magnification. All chickens were diagnosed with infestation of adult and egg stages of M. stramineus. For the immersion bath, the animals were held by the neck and wings, dipping their entire bodies in a plastic bucket. Seven days after the treatments were carried out they were again examined in a visual inspection by the same examiners. Group I did not show any eggs or adults of M. stramineus, which presented efficacy of 100%. Group II did not have adults, but friable eggs when touched adhered to the base of the feathers were observed in nine animals. Later on, it was found that they were empty egg shells. And, Group III was still intensely parasitized by eggs and adults stages of M. stramineus. It is concluded that tabocco broth (Nicotiana tabacum) prepared as described in the methodology of the present study is effective in controlling the lice Menacanthus stramineus (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) in laying hens in the municipality of Salinas, Minas Gerais.

 

10aectoparasites10alayinghens10alouse10apoultry1 aDias_de_Oliveira, Natan1 ade Medeiros_Fonseca, Vitor, Dantas_1 aRibeiro_Aquino, Sâny1 aAlves_Nascimento, Nágila1 aGomes_Sousa, Elber1 aPaulino_da_Cruz_Vieira, Vanessa uhttps://rvz.emnuvens.com.br/rvz/article/view/57101476nas a2200181 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260001200212300000900224490000700233520091900240653001301159653002401172653001201196653001201208100002601220856004801246 1996 eng d00aCommon Infectious Diseases in Backyard Chickens and Turkeys (from a Private Practice Perspective)0 aCommon Infectious Diseases in Backyard Chickens and Turkeys from c03-1996 a2-110 v103 a

Chickens and turkeys are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Although many diseases have been reported in these domestic poultry species, certain diseases are commonly encountered in backyard chickens and turkeys. Bacterial diseases that frequently occur in backyard flocks include pasteurellosis (fowl cholera), mycoplasmosis, bordetellosis (turkey coryza), staphyloccosis, and infection with Escherichia coli. Fungal diseases, including aspergillosis and candidiasis, are usually seen as secondary infections. Viral diseases of importance include Marek's disease, lymphoid leukosis, infectious bronchitis,i nfectious laryngotracheitisa, nd pox. Lice and mites are ectoparasites that frequently cause problems, and  roundworms and cestodes are commonly encountered endoparasitesC. occidiosis and histomoniasisa re protozoald iseases that can cause significant problems in backyard poultry

10achickens10aInfectious diseases10apoultry10aturkeys1 aMorishita, Teresa, Y. uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/30134169?seq=102509nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260001200211300001400223490000700237520181200244653000902056653001002065653001602075653000902091653001202100100002102112700002002133856013802153 2016 eng d a0022-258500aDiversity and Prevalence of Ectoparasites on Backyard Chicken Flocks in California0 aDiversity and Prevalence of Ectoparasites on Backyard Chicken Fl c05-2016 a707 - 7110 v533 a

Peridomestic (“backyard”) chicken flocks are gaining popularity in the developed world (e.g., North America or Europe), yet little is known regarding prevalence or severity of their ectoparasites. Therefore, five birds on each of 20 properties throughout southern California were surveyed in summer for on-host (permanent) and off-host dwelling (temporary) ectoparasites. Only four premises (20%) were entirely free of ectoparasites. In declining order of prevalence (% of premises), permanent ectoparasites included six chicken louse species: Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch) (50%), Goniocotes gallinae (De Geer) (35%), Lipeurus caponis (L.) (20%), Menopon gallinae (L.) (15%), Menacanthus cornutus (Schömmer) (5%), and Cuclotogaster heterographus (Nitzsch) (5%). Only one flea species, Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood) (20%), was found. Three parasitic mite species were observed: Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago) (15%), Knemidocoptes mutans (Robin & Lanquetin) (10%), and Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) (5%). Many infestations consisted of a few to a dozen individuals per bird, but M. stramineus , G. gallinae , M. cornutus , and E. gallinacea were abundant (dozens to hundreds of individuals) on some birds, and damage by K. mutans was severe on two premises. Off-host dwelling ectoparasites were rare ( D. gallinae ) or absent ( Cimex lectularius L., Argasidae ). Parasite diversity in peridomestic flocks greatly exceeds that is routinely observed on commercial chicken flocks and highlights a need for increased biosecurity and development of ectoparasite control options for homeowners.

10aflea10alouse10aMenacanthus10amite10apoultry1 aMurillo, Amy, C.1 aMullens, B., A. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/290211878_Diversity_and_Prevalence_of_Ectoparasites_on_Backyard_Chicken_Flocks_in_California02473nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245006000054210006000114260001200174300001200186490000600198520182800204653002002032653001802052653003402070653001102104653001202115100001902127700002802146856008102174 2014 eng d a2319237200aIncidence of Ectoparasites in Broiler Chicken in Meerut0 aIncidence of Ectoparasites in Broiler Chicken in Meerut c01-2014 a55 - 580 v73 a

Astudy was conducted to observe the frequency and density of ectoparasites affecting Broiler chicken of Meerut region. In rural areas chicken form an integral part of village life & have an important social value in some  countries,  they  are  considered  as  an  important  source  of  income  besides  providing  a  cheap  source  of protein to rural people however disease are among the important constraint in the expansion of this industry. In most  areas,  control  of  disease  is  either  lacking,  very  minimal  or  unheard  of. During  the  study  in  all  82  chicks were examined, out of which 58 were infected and 24 were uninfected. The percent of infection was found to be 70.73%. Out  of  58  infected  birds,  31% exhibited  single  infection,  44.82%  showed  double  infection  and  24.13% were with triple infection. One of them was found infected with more than three ectoparasites. In all 10 different types  of  ectoparasites  were  found  harboring  broiler  in  Meerut.  Parasite  wise  percent  of  infection  was  found  to be Menacanthus stramineus  3%,  Menacanthus cornutus  14%,  Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis  22%,  Goniocotes gallinae  15%, Goniodes dissimilis   8%,  Poultry  mites (Ornithonyssus  bursa  and  Dermanyssus gallinae)75%,  Fowl Tick (Argaspersicus) 50%,  Sticktight  Flea(Echidnophaga  gallinacean)4%.Possible  reasons  are discussed  in detail.

10aBroiler Chicken10aectoparasites10aLipeurus lawrensis tropicalis10aMeerut10apoultry1 aKansal, Garima1 aSingh, Hridaya, Shanker uhttp://iosrjournals.org/iosr-javs/papers/vol7-issue1/Version-1/J07115558.pdf01019nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001300041245005400054210005400108260001200162300001400174490000700188520051200195653001500707653001400722653001200736100002200748856006700770 1999 eng d a0304401700aImportant parasites in poultry production systems0 aImportant parasites in poultry production systems c08-1999 a337 - 3470 v843 a

Poultry now accounts for 30% of all meat consumed. Parasites are a problem where ever poultry are raised, whether in large commercial operations or in small back-yard flocks, and economic losses can be significant. This paper will briefly review the major protozoan, helminth, and arthropod species in poultry including pathogenesis. Other topics will include the importance of the interaction of other diseases and parasites, and control of the infection by chemotherapy, management, and immunity.

10aMallophaga10aparasites10apoultry1 aRuff, Michael, D. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030440179900076X02183nas a2200229 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147260001200216300001400228490000600242520144600248653001701694653002201711653003301733653001201766653001601778100001701794700002001811700002701831700001901858856007601877 2012 eng d00aSeasonality of parasitism in free range chickens from a selected ward of a rural district in Zimbabwe0 aSeasonality of parasitism in free range chickens from a selected c07-2012 a3626-36310 v73 a

A study to investigate the intensity of ectoparasites and gastro-intestinal tract worms of chickens in winter and summer was conducted in Ward 28 of Murehwa District in Zimbabwe. Sixty chickens given to local farmers to rear under the free-range system were examined for parasites; 30 in summer of 2009 and the other 30 in winter of 2010. In both seasons, ectoparasites collected were Argas persicus, Echidnophaga gallinacea, Dermanyssus gallinae and Cnemidocoptes mutans. The intensities of A. persicus (t= 2.54, p= 0.012) and E. gallinacea (t= 4.146, p= 0.000) were significantly higher in summer. There was no significant difference in seasonal intensity of D. gallinae (t= 0.631, p= 0.532) and C. mutans (t= 0.024, p= 0.978). The intensity of the nematode, Ascaridia galli (t= 3.889, p= 0.001) and the cestode, Choataenia infundibulum(t= 3.286, p= 0.004) were significantly higher in summer. There were no significant differences in the intensities of Allodapa suctoria (t= 0.031, p= 0.971), Heterakis gallinarum (t= 1.176, p= 0.248), Capillaria obsignata (t= 0.141, p= 0.890), Tetrameres americana (t= 0.514, p= 0.603), Hymenolepis spp. (t= 0.770, p= 0.464) and Amoebotaenia cuneata (t= 0.569, p= 0.579). Chickens were generally parasitised in Murehwa District. There is need to intensify parasite prevention and control, but more specifically, the control of A. persicus, E. gallinacea, A. galli and C. infundibulum in summer.

10aectoparasite10afree range system10agastro-intestinal tract worm10apoultry10aprevalence.1 aPercy, Jinga1 aPias, Munosiyei1 aEnetia, Bobo, Desberia1 aLucia, Tambura uhttps://academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR/article-abstract/F9E1C0A3303302966nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173300001200242490000700254520225900261653001202520653001802532653002002550653001402570653001202584653001502596100001602611700001802627700001502645856007602660 2018 eng d a2141-251000aPrevalence of the major ectoparasites of poultry in extensive and intensive farms in Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia0 aPrevalence of the major ectoparasites of poultry in extensive an a87 - 960 v103 a

Ectoparasites pose a serious health threat and constitute major impediments in poultry production in many countries of the world including  Ethiopia. However, they are paid less attention as endoparasites and infectious diseases; the huge economic burden of the parasites need a comprehensive study encompassing both intensive and free range poultry in order to generate accurate information about the disease. The current study was designed to identify species composition, estimate prevalence and assess associated risk factor of ectoparasites of poultry in extensive and intensive farms in and around Jimma town. A cross sectional study was conducted from January to June 2017 and a total of 384 chickens from purposively selected two intensive farms (n=222) and randomly selected free range systems (n=162) were sampled by systematic random sampling technique. Ectoparasites were collected from different parts of the body including skin scrapings from the shank and base of the wing. Breed, ages, sexes and management system were recorded. This study showed overall prevalence of 65.6% and lice, fleas and mites were predominant ectoparasite in the current area with prevalence rates of 28, 26.6 and 10.9% respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that ectoparasite infestation was significantly higher in local than exotic chickens (OR=12; CI=7.320-19.673; P<0.001). Regarding ages, adults were found to be 6.29 more likely susceptible to ectoparasites than young chickens (OR=6.29; CI=3.745-10.587; P<0.001). Similarly, statistically significant variation was encountered between sexes as females were more infested than male chicken in the current study (OR=1.48;  CI=1.277-2.242; P=0.040). Additionally, chickens kept under extensive management were significantly prone to ectoparasites than that kept under intensive management system (OR=8.12; CI=5.012-13.164; P<0.001). Generally, the study revealed that ectoparasites are highly prevalent in extensive farming system than in intensive farming system and in exotic than local chicken. Therefore, the control of ectoparasites and creation of awareness in the community on the overall effect of ectoparasites on productivity of poultry is highly recommended.

10achicken10aectoparasites10aextensive farm.10aIntensive10apoultry10aPrevalence1 aMata, Wario1 aGalgalo, Wako1 aJilo, Kula uhttps://academicjournals.org/journal/JPVB/article-abstract/274DA255748202310nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260001200251300001100263490000700274520157900281653001301860653001801873653001201891653001501903653001701918100001801935700001701953700001801970700002001988856006002008 2018 eng d a1683-632400aPrevalence and identification of ectoparasites on indigenous chickens in Seharti-Samre District, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia0 aPrevalence and identification of ectoparasites on indigenous chi c09-2018 a1 - 100 v223 a

A cross sectional study was conducted from February 2014 to February 2015 to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasites and to assess risk factors in indig- enous free scavenging chickens in three sub-districts of Seharti-Samre Dis- trict, northern Ethiopia. Physical examination, hand picking for visible para- sites, skin scraping and laboratory based identification of collected parasites were employed on systematically selected 570 indigenous chickens. An overall prevalence of 68.6% (391/570) ectoparasites with a specific prevalence of 44% (251/570), 14.4% (82/570) and 10.2% (58/570) for Echidnophaga gallinacea, Argus persicus and mixed infestations, respectively were recorded. Prevalence of A. persicus, E. gallinacea and mixed infestation showed statistically sig- nificant variation between seasons (OR=2.21, 95%, CI=1.539-3.178), housing in kitchen (OR=3.33,95%, CI=2.0228-5.486) and main house (OR=3.19, 95%, CI=1.910-5.304); age group of birds. The odds of ectoparasites infestation were 3.42 and 7.57 times higher for chick and adults compared with the growers. The current study indicated high prevalence of ectoparasites in backyard poul- try management system in the study area. E.gallinacea was found to be the most prevalent ectoparasites identified followed by A. persicus. Designing and implementation of appropriate ectoparasite control measures seems manda- tory in order to mitigate economical losses due to ectoparasite infestation.

Ectoparasites found were Echidnophagia gallinacae and Argus persicus. No mention of lice

10aBackyard10aectoparasites10apoultry10aPrevalence10aSehart-samre1 aHiluf, Girmay1 aBsrat, Abrha1 aKebede, Etsay1 aHagos, Yohannes uhttps://www.ajol.info/index.php/evj/article/view/17737203239nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260001200209300001400221490000700235520236400242653001002606653002102616653002202637653001202659653001202671653001202683100003202695700002002727700002202747700002302769700001902792700002102811700001702832700003402849856005402883 2006 eng d a1082-674200aA Survey of Selected Avian Pathogens of Backyard Poultry in Northwestern Ecuador0 aSurvey of Selected Avian Pathogens of Backyard Poultry in Northw c09-2006 a147 - 1580 v203 a

As part of a larger ecologic research project and to collect disease prevalence infor- mation on backyard chicken flocks in northwestern Ecuador, 100 randomly selected birds from 10 flocks were examined, and blood, fecal, and ectoparasite samples were collected. The owners of the flocks were surveyed regarding flock management and disease history. Mean flock size was 20 birds (range, 1–75), and birds were kept for eggs and meat for either domestic consumption or local sale. Vaccination rates were low, with most owners (8 of 10) not vaccinating at all and some (2 of 10) vaccinating with one product either sporadically (1 of 10) or annually (1 of 10). None of the owners treated their chickens for parasites. Mortality rates of offspring were reported as high as 50% (range, 35%–50%) per flock. Deaths were associated with diseases described by owners as causing neurologic signs, sudden death, or respiratory problems. In addition, owners described epizootics of wartlike seasonal skin lesions, presumably but not confirmed as avian pox. Results of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on serum samples showed that birds had anti- bodies against infectious bursal disease virus (100%), Newcastle disease virus (97%), avian en- cephalomyelitis virus (92%), chicken anemia virus (90%), infectious bronchitis virus (85%), My- coplasma gallisepticum (73%), and Mycoplasma synoviae (68%). Although 11% of birds showed the presence of antibodies for avian influenza, antibody levels were low in all but 4 birds. Most birds (90%) had feather mite infestations. Results of necropsy and fecal examinations found low levels of internal parasitism, with cestodes and ascarids identified as the most prevalent endopara- sites. Ectoparasites identified were Dermanyssus gallinae and Ornithonyssus bursa. The poultry diseases to which sampled chickens had been exposed are likely the cause of the high mortality rate reported by flock owners. In these backyard poultry flocks in Ecuador, preventive medicine protocols that provide realistic cost-benefit advantages should be implemented. Because wild birds are susceptible to some poultry diseases, free-roaming chickens might be potential vectors of path- ogens that could affect wild birds.

Only ectoparasites found were were Dermanyssus gallinae and Ornithonyssus bursa.

10aavian10abackyard chicken10abird conservation10adisease10aEcuador10apoultry1 aHernandez-Divers, Sonia, M.1 aVillegas, Pedro1 aPrieto, Francisco1 aUnda, Juan, Carlos1 aStedman, Nancy1 aRitchie, Branson1 aCarroll, Ron1 aHernandez-Divers, Stephen, J. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1647/2005-015R.102111nas a2200205 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001400188490000600202520151400208653001801722653001301740653001901753653001201772653001501784100002101799700002201820700002201842856004101864 2011 eng d00aPrevalence of Ectoparasites in Haramaya University Intensive Poultry Farm0 aPrevalence of Ectoparasites in Haramaya University Intensive Pou a264 - 2690 v73 a

A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2010 to March 2011 to estimate prevalence of ectoparisites infestations in Haramaya University intensive poultry farm as well as to assess the effect of host related risk factors. Samples were randomly taken from 384 exotic chickens and were examined by close inspection with naked eyes and magnifying hand lens. Out of the total chickens examined, the following types and species of ectoparasites were identified: a species of flea, Echidnophaga gallinacean; a species of mite, Dermanyssus gallinae and four species of lice Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, Cuclotogaster heterographus and Lipeurus caponis. The overall prevalence of lice infestations was 35.1%. Statistically significant difference (P< 0.05) was observed in the prevalence among the species of lice. Analysis of the effect of host related risk factors to the prevalence of lice infestation did not show statistically significant variation (P>0.05) between sexes, age groups as well as between breeds. The prevalence of flea infestations between the two breeds as well as the two age groups of chicken showed statistically significant difference (P< 0.05). All of the chickens examined (100%) were infested with red mite. Besides, 259 (67.4%) birds were suffering from mixed infestations. Finally, the observed results of our study suggest that appropriate ectoparasite control measures have to be practiced to mitigate the effect of infestation by poultry pests.

10aectoparasites10aHaramaya10aIntensive farm10apoultry10aPrevalence1 aAmede, Yeshitila1 aTilahun, Kefelegn1 aBekele, Mihreteab uhttps://idosi.org/gv/GV7(3)11/10.pdf01500nas a2200181 4500008004100000245004000041210003900081520099500120653000901115653003401124653001201158100001701170700001501187700001401202700002001216700002201236856006001258 2003 eng d00aReview: Lice Infestation in Poultry0 aReview Lice Infestation in Poultry3 a

This paper reviews the studies on the prevalence, chemotherapeutic and biological control of lice. It was found that
Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis, Lipeurus caponis and Cuclutogaster heterographus were the most commonly infestating lice of poultry. A variety of chemical are used for the control of lice infestation in poultry. These include Carbamates, Pyrethroids, Cypermethrin, Trichlorphon, Dichlorvos, DDT powder, Coumaphos, Lindane and BHC, Phenol, Cresols, Permethrin, Pestoban, Malathion, Pfispray, Carbaryl, Methyl bromfenvinphos and Herbal products. The most promising results however were reported with Pyrethroids i.e. Trichlophon and Pestoban. Biological control although not widely accepted for application, yet some bacterial and fungal species were found to be effective. Based on the review conclusion have been drawn for further research in to the lice infestation of poultry.

10alice10aLipeurus lawrensis tropicalis10apoultry1 aKhan, M., N.1 aNadeem, M.1 aIqbal, Z.1 aSajid, Muhammad1 aAbbas, Rao, Zahid uhttp://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/1782_..pdf02126nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167300001200236490000600248520141200254653001401666653001501680653001701695653001201712653001501724100001801739700001901757700003701776856010701813 2017 eng d00aA Study of the Prevalence and Abundance of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera) in Selected Poultry Farms in Benin City, Edo State0 aStudy of the Prevalence and Abundance of Chewing Lice Phthirapte a35 - 420 v13 a

An investigation on the prevalence of chewing lice in three selected poultries located in Ekosodin, EDPA and Adolor in Benin metropolis in Edo state was conducted fortnightly from March to April, 2016 to determine the chewing lice species richness, lice abundance, composition, sex ratio and percent prevalence. Menocanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae and Lipeurus caponis were the only chewing lice species recorded. The largest population of chewing lice species occurred in Adolor and least in EDPA. The most prevalent species across the three localities was M. stramineus with a mean prevalence of (56%), followed by M. gallinae (34%) and L. caponis (10%). Statistical analysis showed that the abundance of M. stramineus significantly differed among locations; Ekosodin, Adolor and EDPA (F2,23 =42.18; P <.001) and between sexes with females being more abundant. (F1,23 =9.44; P =0.007) while M. gallinae differed significantly among the different locations but did not differ in sexes unlike L. caponis that did not differ significantly both in location (F2,23 =0.66; P =0.528) and between sex (F1,23 =0.05; P =0.824) with females being more abundant in all. Therefore, further studies to access the impact of these lice species on the health and production performance including cost effectiveness of control strategies and thorough education of poultry managers are strongly recommended.

10aabundance10aBenin City10aChewing lice10apoultry10aPrevalence1 aOpoggen, Love1 aJohnny, Rotimi1 aValentine, Igbojiaku, Chukwuemek uhttp://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=307&doi=10.11648/j.ijast.20170101.1501580nas a2200205 4500008004100000245006900041210006900110260001300179300001000192490000700202520095600209653001701165653002101182653003401203653001301237653001201250100001901262700001801281856007501299 1978 eng d00aIncidence and occurrence of ectoparasites of poultry in Pakistan0 aIncidence and occurrence of ectoparasites of poultry in Pakistan cJan 1978 a1 - 80 v863 a

Investigations were undertaken to record the incidence and occurrence of ectoparasites (ticks, lice and mites) of poultry in the province of Sind (Pakistan). Tick infestation was comparatively higher than the lice and mite infestations. The present studies revealed the occurrence of single species of tick, Argas (Persicargas) persicus; four species of lice, Menopon gallinae, Goniocotes gigas, Lipeurus caponis and Lipeurus laurensis tropicalis and a species of mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. Among the lice, Menopon gallinae occurred predominantly. Relatively the highest rate of infestation by ticks was recorded at Nawabshah district (92.94%) and the lowest (58.89%) was noted at Karachi. In case of lice the highest rate of occurrence was recorded at Hyderabad (37.13%) while the lowest rate was recorded at Nawabshah (7.06%). The incidence of attack of mite was found negligible (0.72–7.8%) and was recorded at few of the districts.

10aectoparasite10aGoniocotes gigas10aLipeurus laurensis tropicalis10aPakistan10apoultry1 aBuriro, S., N.1 aAkbar, S., S. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1978.tb01904.x01911nas a2200217 4500008004100000245006500041210006500106300001200171490000600183520124900189653001701438653001701455653001801472653001201490653001501502100002801517700002901545700003201574700003101606856005601637 2019 eng d00aBiodiversity and prevalence of chewing lice on local poultry0 aBiodiversity and prevalence of chewing lice on local poultry a26 - 310 v83 a

Biodiversity and prevalence of chewing lice on local poultry (Gallus Gallus Domesticus, family Phasianidae) have been successfully determined for five selected sites around Qaser Bin Ghashir region, Libya between November 2017 and April 2018. The total investigated chicken samples are 135, and the infected samples were found to be 94. Ticks, fleas, and mites were detected in a small quantity in addition to three different species of biting lice. The obtained results show that Asuani has the lowest amount of ectoparasites, while Suq AL-kamees samples were infected completely by 100 % prevalence of chewing lice. The calculated total average prevalence percentage (TAP, %) of all sites are ≤70%. Three species of lice were detected and identified on the local poultry, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus and Lipeurus caponis. The most abundant species in the study area is Menopon gallinae with prevalence percentage about ≈ 69.84%. A comparison between chewing lice around Qaser Bin Ghashir region in Libya and other countries has been carried out and it was found that (TAP, %) for Algeria > (TAP, %) for Libya > (TAP, %) for USA. Finally, the study proves that Libya contains a mild status of biodiversity.

10abiodiversity10aChewing lice10aectoparasites10apoultry10aPrevalence1 aMansur, Mohamed, Kalefa1 aMahmoud, Najat, Mohammed1 aAllamoushi, Sumaya, Mustafa1 aEl-Aziz, Maher, Mohamed Ab uhttps://medcraveonline.com/JDVAR/JDVAR-08-00238.pdf01563nas a2200229 4500008004100000022003300041245007200074210006900146300001600215490000600231520091100237653001201148653000901160653001201169653001501181653002001196100001501216700001701231700002901248700001401277856004201291 2017 eng d a2278-3687 (O), 2277-663X (P)00aPrevalence Economic Loss and Control of Lice Infestation in Poultry0 aPrevalence Economic Loss and Control of Lice Infestation in Poul a1745 - 17570 v63 a

Abstract: Owing to scanty information available in the literature about different poultry lice, this paper reviews the studies on the prevalence of poultry lice, their harmful effects on production and control of the same with different commonly available insecticides with the hope to set a base line for the future studies in this field. It was found that Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis, Lipeurus caponis, Cuclutogaster heterographus, Goniodes gigas and Goniocotes gallinae, were the most commonly infestating lice of poultry. A number of chemicals and herbal products are used for the control of lice infestation of poultry, globally. Unlike tick and other arthropods a combinatorial, rotational and repeatable therapeutic approach along with managemental care should be followed to control phthiraptera group of parasites from poultry.

10aControl10alice10apoultry10aPrevalence10aProduction loss1 aMishra, S.1 aPednekar, R.1 aMohanty, Barada, Shankar1 aGatne, M. uhttp://www.ijset.net/journal/1745.pdf01126nas a2200217 4500008004100000022003300041245010100074210006900175300001600244490000600260520048000266653002700746653000900773653001100782653001200793653001500805100001500820700001700835700001400852856004200866 2017 eng d a2278-3687 (O), 2277-663X (P)00aEvaluation of insecticides in therapeutic management of poultry pediculosis in different sectors0 aEvaluation of insecticides in therapeutic management of poultry  a3321 - 33250 v63 a

Owing to scanty information available in the literature about the treatment of poultry lice in India, commonly used insecticides and effect of lice on poultry production the present study carried out. Two insectisides deltamethrin and cypermethrin were tested to treat poultry birds. Efficacy of Deltamethrin and Cypermethrin treatment in the form of spray showed 100% efficacy as all the treated WLH and Aseel birds were found negative for lice after the treatment.

10aInsecticidal treatment10alice10aMumbai10apoultry10aPrevalence1 aMishra, S.1 aPednekar, R.1 aGatne, M. uhttp://www.ijset.net/journal/1966.pdf01997nas a2200229 4500008004100000022004200041245010600083210006900189260001600258300001600274490000600290520128600296653000901582653001101591653001201602653001501614653002301629100001501652700001701667700001401684856006901698 2016 eng d a2278-3687 (Online), 2277-663X (Print)00aA Comparative Study Of Region Specificity in Bird Louse in Organised and Unorganised sector of Mumbai0 aComparative Study Of Region Specificity in Bird Louse in Organis cOct-02-2016 a3506 - 35110 v53 a

Owing to the scanty information in India about poultry lice specificity, the present investigation took place in Mumbai to add in lice literature. We took two sectors for a comparative study, for organized we chose cpdo (central poultry development organistaion), Mumbai and for unorganised we preferred different local house and slum areas. In the present investigation, prevalence of different species of lice was noted on poultry birds belonging to organized farm and backyard system. On organized farm the prevalence was 100% and on local desi birds it was 62%. Amongst all the birds screened Lipeurus caponis (41.30%) was found out to be the most predominant species. The other species of louse found in order of declining occurrence were Cuclotogaster heterographus (40.87%), Menacanthus spp (31.74%), Menopon gallinae (18.70%), Goniodes gigas (4.35%) and Goniocotes gallinae (2.61%). The lice encountered in the present study showed marked region specificity. Head, wing and body were the three regions which showed higher rate of occurrence of lice. Cuclotogaster heterographus and Lipeurus caponis were predominantly found on head and wing regions respectively. Similarly the Menacanthus spp and Menopon gallinae were predominantly encountered on the body region.

10alice10aMumbai10apoultry10aPrevalence10aRegion specificity1 aMishra, S.1 aPednekar, R.1 aGatne, M. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94346.pdf01924nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001600041245014400057210006900201260001200270300001400282490000600296520125100302653001501553653002301568653001201591653001501603100001501618700001601633856006901649 2014 eng d a2006 - 699600aPrevalence of Bird Louse, Menacanthus Cornutus (Pthiraptera: Amblycera) in four selected Poultry Farms in Kano State, Nigeria0 aPrevalence of Bird Louse iMenacanthus Cornutusi Pthiraptera iAmb c06/2014 a142 - 1460 v73 a

Study on the prevalence of bird lice in four selected farms in Kano metropolis was conducted to determine the lice species richness, lice abundance and percent prevalence in the four poultry farms. Two hundred and forty (240) birds were examined from four poultry farms within Kano in Tofa, Fagge, Brigade and Gwarzo area respectively, during the month of February-March, 2013. The average temperature of the study sites ranged from 26oC to 33oC with 60-70% relative humidity. Birds were randomly picked and viewed under day light with the aid of hand lens and dissecting forceps to facilitate collections. The louse prevalence and mean abundance varied significantly (P<0.001) among the four Poultry farms examined with Menacanthus cornutus having 85.5% was more prevalent than Goniodes gigas (14.5%). All the farms examined harbored lice  with  Brigade poultry farm having the highest prevalence of lice with 95% incidence. Age of birds, availability of birds per space and frequency of litter change were contributing parameters to the prevalence of Menacanthus cornutus. The present study suggests that more research should be done on the work with focus on managerial practice for effective suppression of its incidence

10aBird louse10aKano Sub-urb areas10apoultry10aPrevalence1 aAudi, A.H.1 aAsmau, A.M. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68822.pdf02699nas a2200181 4500008004100000245005100041210005100092260000900143300001400152490000700166520213900173653001702312653000902329653001202338653001102350100002002361856013602381 2004 eng d00aKars İlinde Tavuklarda Bulunan Ektoparazitler0 aKars İlinde Tavuklarda Bulunan Ektoparazitler c2004 a154 - 1570 v283 a

Paper written in Turkish

ÖZET: Bu araştırma, Kars tavuklarında bulunan ektoparazitlerin yaygınlığının araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kars’ın kenar semtlerindeki evlerde bulunan 20 kümesten 264 tavuk ektoparazit yönünden incelenmiştir. Yirmi kümesin 12’sinde (% 60.0 ), bakısı yapılan 264 tavuğun 174’ünde (% 65.90) en az bir ektoparazit saptanmıştır. Enfeste tavuklardan 1023 adet parazit toplanmış ve 7 tür identifiye edilmiştir.Yaygınlık sırasına göre; 174 tavuğun 156’sında (%89.65) bit enfestasyonu (Menacanthus cornutus, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, Goniodes dissimilis ve Goniocotes gallinae), 16’sında (%6.06) akar enfestasyonu (Dermanyssus gallinae) ve 2’sinde (%0.75) uyuz enfestasyonu (Kinemidokoptes mutans) saptanmıştır. Diğer 8 kümesteki 90 tavukta (%34.10) ise herhangi bir ektoparazite rastlanılmamıştır. Grup içi ve genel istatistiksel değerlendirilmesi ile parazitlerin dağılımı SPSS for Windows release bilgisayar programında Khi-kare testi ile yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Sözcükler: Tavuk, ektoparazit, Kars

English title: Ectoparasites in Chickens in the Province of Kars

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of ectoparasites in poultry in Kars. For this, 264 hens in 20 chicken coops were inspected for ectoparasites. At least one species of ectoparasites was found on 174 (65.90%) out of the 264 hens. No ectoparasites were found on the remaining 90 (34.10%) hens. During this study the numbers of 1023 samples of ectoparasites were examined and seven ectoparasites species were detected. Their names are as follows: Menacanthus cornutus, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, Goniodes dissimilis, Goniocotes gallinae, Dermanyssus gallinae and Kinemidokoptes mutans. Statistical assessment of the numerical distribution of the infection within groups and between groups was performed by Chi-square test using SPSS program for Windows.

10aectoparasite10aKars10apoultry10aTurkey1 aAldemir, O., S. uhttp://www.turkiyeparazitolderg.org/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/ectoparasites-in-chickens-in-the-province-of-kars/2261600734nas a2200229 4500008004100000245006600041210006500107260000900172300001300181490000700194653001200201653001100213100002600224700002400250700002200274700002800296700001800324700002000342700001700362700002200379856010300401 1991 eng d00aMallophaga of domestic birds in southeastern Coahuila, Mexico0 aMallophaga of domestic birds in southeastern Coahuila Mexico c1991 a93 - 1050 v8210apoultry10aSurvey1 aAguirre-Uribe, L., A.1 aLozoya-Saldaña, A.1 aQuinones-Luna, S.1 aGuerrero-Rodríguez, E.1 aUribe, L., A.1 aSaldana, A., L.1 aLuna, S., Q.1 aRodriguez, E., G. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/mallophaga-domestic-birds-southeastern-coahuila-mexico00706nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245010000055210006900155260000900224300001400233490000800247653000900255653001000264653001500274653001200289653001100301653001000312100001400322700001800336700002200354700001900376856006900395 1962 eng d a0022-189900aIsolation of ornithosis bedsoniae from mites collected in turkey quarters and from chicken lice0 aIsolation of ornithosis bedsoniae from mites collected in turkey c1962 a231 - 2370 v11010alice10amites10aOrnithosis10apoultry10avector10avirus1 aEddie, B.1 aMeyer, K., F.1 aLambrecht, F., L.1 aFurman, D., P. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46958.pdf00918nas a2200205 4500008004100000020001400041245009300055210006900148260000900217300000700226490000700233520024200240653001200482653001500494653001200509653001600521100002400537700002000561856013100581 1980 eng d a0014-475400aOenocytes of poultry lice Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Peters (Phthiraptera:Ischnocera)0 aOenocytes of poultry lice Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Peters P c1980 a680 v363 aOenocytes of Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Peters, an ischnoceran Mallophaga (Sens. Lat. Phthiraptera) occur either singly or in clusters of 2-6, and do not exhibit any changes in the different stages of nymphs and adults of the 2 sexes.10aanimals10aMallophaga10apoultry10aSex Factors1 aSaxena, Arun, Kumar1 aAgarwal, G., P. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/oenocytes-poultry-lice-lipeurus-lawrensis-tropicalis-peters-phthirapteraischnocera01906nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245010000055210006900155260000900224300001400233490000700247520114800254653001201402653001001414653002901424653001001453653003901463653001201502653003701514100002401551700002001575856006901595 1980 eng d a0044-310700aNervous system of poultry lice, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Peters (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera)0 aNervous system of poultry lice Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Pet c1980 a733 - 7420 v943 aThe anatomy and histology of nervous system of Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) is described in detail. The brain is U-shaped compact unit. It is tilted backwards to cover the tritocerebral commissure, circumoesophageal conncetives and a large portion of sub-oesophageal ganglion. The ventral nerve cord consists of sub-oesophageal ganglion and three thoracic ganglia. The abdominal ganglia are wanting and the abdomen is innervated by the nerves arising from the metathoracic ganglionic mass. Interganglionic connective are absent between the thoracic ganglia, but the sub-oesophageal ganglion and the prothoracic ganglion are connected by interganglionic connectives. The origin and disposition of different nerves arising from metathoracic ganglion show that it is a compound ganglionic mass, in which abdominal ganglia are also fused. From this ganglionic mass three pairs of nerves are given in thoracic segments and three pairs to the abdominal segments. The frontal ganglion is situated anterior to the brain at a considerable distance. The histology of the brain and that of thoracic ganglion is also described.10aanimals10abrain10aLice/anatomy & histology10anerve10aNervous System/anatomy & histology10apoultry10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't1 aSaxena, Arun, Kumar1 aAgarwal, G., P. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46673.pdf01608nas a2200229 4500008004100000020001400041245009400055210006900149260000900218300001400227490000700241520086500248653001201113653001401125653001501139653002301154653001201177653001301189100002401202700002001226856013201246 1981 eng d a0003-316200aDigestive system of poultry lice Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera)0 aDigestive system of poultry lice Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis P c1981 a147 - 1560 v223 aThe alimentary canal of Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Peters has the three typical regions but differs from that of other species of Mallophaga in some respect. The posterior region of the mid-gut is slightly broader in female than in male. The mid-gut was found to have higher epithelium not in the anterior two-thirds but in the anterior one-third and in the posterior one-third part. The epithelium is higher and convoluted in the anterior part of the hind-gut region and is greatly reduced in its posterior part. The salivary apparatus consists of a pair of salivary glands and ducts, a pair of salivary reservoirs and ducts and a salivarium. Four long blind Malpighian tubules, one dorsal, one ventral and two lateral, arise from the junction of mid- and hind-gut. Each is divisible into three distinct parts in both sexes and is without any pigmentation.10aanimals10adigestion10aMallophaga10aMalpighian Tubules10apoultry10asalivary1 aSaxena, Arun, Kumar1 aAgarwal, G., P. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/digestive-system-poultry-lice-lipeurus-lawrensis-tropicalis-phthiraptera-ischnocera01311nas a2200229 4500008004100000020001400041245015900055210006900214260000900283300001400292490000700306520047000313653001200783653001300795653003000808653003000838653001200868653001600880100002400896700002000920856014100940 1982 eng d a0003-316200aEffect of different temperatures and humidities on the development of the eggs of poultry louse, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis. (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera)0 aEffect of different temperatures and humidities on the developme c1982 a227 - 2300 v233 aThe temperature and humidity requirements for the development of the eggs of the poultry louse, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis were determined. It was found that temperature and humidity requirements for morphogenesis and hatching are not the same. Morphogenesis in the eggs of this louse takes place within a temperature range of 30-40 degrees C, the optimum range being 32-37 degrees C. Relative humidity does not seem to have any apparent effect on morphogenesis.10aanimals10ahumidity10aLice/growth & development10aOvum/growth & development10apoultry10atemperature1 aSaxena, Arun, Kumar1 aAgarwal, G., P. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/effect-different-temperatures-and-humidities-development-eggs-poultry-louse-lipeurus-lawrens00940nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245012200055210006900177260001700246300001400263490000700277520025900284653001200543653001200555653001500567653001200582653002100594653002500615100001900640856006300659 1986 eng d a0035-186500aExclusion in Nigeria of chickens and guinea-fowls from the host range of Menacanthus stramineus (Mallophaga: Insecta)0 aExclusion in Nigeria of chickens and guineafowls from the host r aFRANCEc1986 a377 - 3790 v393 a

In the course of a country-wide survey of Mallophaga of guinea-fowls, turkeys and chickens in Nigeria, Menacanthus stramineus was not found on chickens and guinea-fowls although it was universally present on turkeys, often in pathogenic numbers.

10aanimals10achicken10aMallophaga10apoultry10aPoultry Diseases10aTurkeys/parasitology1 aFabiyi, J., P. uhttp://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/REMVT/article/view/8567/001614nas a2200253 4500008004100000245015300041210006900194260000900263300001400272490000700286520078800293653001201081653001201093653001701105653001001122653004601132653001501178653004601193653001201239653001201251653002101263100001901284856005701303 1988 eng d00aEctoparasites of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata Pallas) and local domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) in southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria0 aEctoparasites of guinea fowl iNumida meleagris galeatai Pallas a c1988 a277 - 2800 v123 a

The ectoparasites of poultry in a southern guinea savanna zone were investigated by the examination of guinea fowl and local domestic chickens in the range and guinea fowl under intensive management. The prevalent ectoparasites of range guinea fowl and local chickens include seven species of lice Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, Numidilipeurus tropicalis, Damalinia bovis; three mites Bdellonyssus bursa, Megninia cubitalis, Dermanyssus gallinae; two fleas Echidnophaga gallinacea, Ctenocephalides felis and two ticks Argas persicus and Ambylomma variegatum. Under intensive management, infestation by G. gigas, L. caponis and M. gallinae led to clinical signs, feather damage, reduced food intake and death.

10aanimals10achicken10aectoparasite10afleas10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aMallophaga10aMite Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aNigeria10apoultry10aPoultry Diseases1 aOkaeme, A., N. uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF0034324500489nas a2200169 4500008004100000245005300041210005300094260000900147300000900156490001200165653001300177653001200190653001500202653001200217100002100229856006900250 1939 eng d00aDie Mallophagen des Haushuhnes und ihre Eigelege0 aDie Mallophagen des Haushuhnes und ihre Eigelege c1939 a1-880 v4, 5, 610achickens10aControl10aMallophaga10apoultry1 aHohorst, Wilhelm uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/42314.pdf01172nas a2200313 4500008004100000245007500041210006700116260000900183300001400192490000700206520033900213653001400552653001000566653001100576653001500587653001300602653001500615653000900630653001300639653001500652653001600667653001200683653001700695653001200712100002000724700001800744700002400762856007200786 1991 eng d00aThe distribution of lice (Phthiraptera) on poultry (Gallus domesticus)0 adistribution of lice Phthiraptera on poultry Gallus domesticus c1991 a247 - 2490 v213 aThe distribution of three amblyceran (Menacanthus stramineus, Menacanthus cornutus, Menopon gallinae) and five ischnoceran species (Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis, Lipeurus caponis, Goniocotes gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniodes dissimilis) on poultry was determined. The preferred sites of these species on the host body were recorded.10aAmblycera10aavian10aGallus10agoniocotes10aGoniodes10aIschnocera10alice10alipeurus10aMallophaga10aMenacanthus10amenopon10aPhthiraptera10apoultry1 aTrivedi, M., C.1 aRawat, B., S.1 aSaxena, Arun, Kumar uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2660.pdf