02588nas a2200229 4500008004100000245017300041210006900214300001600283490000700299520179600306653003102102653001602133653001002149653001302159653001402172653002002186100001802206700002802224700001902252700002402271856006302295 2013 eng d00aBiogeography and host-related factors trump parasite life history: limited congruence among the genetic structures of specific ectoparasitic lice and their rodent hosts0 aBiogeography and hostrelated factors trump parasite life history a5185 - 52040 v223 a

Abstract
Parasites and hosts interact across both micro- and macroevolutionary scales where congruence among their phylogeographic and phylogenetic structures may be observed. Within southern Africa, the four-striped mouse genus, Rhabdomys, is para- sitized by the ectoparasitic sucking louse, Polyplax arvicanthis. Molecular data recently suggested the presence of two cryptic species within P. arvicanthis that are sympatri- cally distributed across the distributions of four putative Rhabdomys species. We tested the hypotheses of phylogeographic congruence and cophylogeny among the two parasite lineages and the four host taxa, utilizing mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Despite the documented host-specificity of P. arvicanthis, limited phylogeographic correspondence and nonsignificant cophylogeny was observed. Instead, the parasite– host evolutionary history is characterized by limited codivergence and several duplica- tion, sorting and host-switching events. Despite the elevated mutational rates found for P. arvicanthis, the spatial genetic structure was not more pronounced in the para- site lineages compared with the hosts. These findings may be partly attributed to larger effective population sizes of the parasite lineages, the vagility and social behav- iour of Rhabdomys, and the lack of host-specificity observed in areas of host sympatry. Further, the patterns of genetic divergence within parasite and host lineages may also be largely attributed to historical biogeographic changes (expansion-contraction cycles). It is thus evident that the association between P. arvicanthis and Rhabdomys has been shaped by the synergistic effects of parasite traits, host-related factors and biogeogra- phy over evolutionary time.

10acomparative phylogeography10acophylogeny10amtDNA10aPolyplax10aRhabdomys10asouthern Africa1 adu_Toit, Nina1 avan Vuuren, Bettine, J.1 aMatthee, Sonja1 aMatthee, Conrad, A. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/mec.12459