02242nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260001600253300001000269490000700279520148800286653001901774653002501793653001901818100001201837700001601849700001401865700001301879700001901892700001701911856007201928 2022 eng d a2213-224400aComparative analyses of the fragmented mitochondrial genomes of wild pig louse Haematopinus apri from China and Japan0 aComparative analyses of the fragmented mitochondrial genomes of  cAug-01-2022 a25-290 v183 a

The wild pig louse Haematopinus apri is one of the commonest ectoparasites of wild pigs. In the present study, the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome of wild pig louse H. apri from China was sequenced and compared with previously characterized wild pig louse H. apri from Japan. We identified all of the 37 mt genes in the wild pig louse H. apri from China which are on nine circular minichromosomes. Each mt minichromosome is 2.9 kb–4.2 kb size and contains 2–8 genes and one non-coding region (1543 bp-2534 bp). The number of minichromosomes, gene content and gene order in the both mt genomes of wild pig louse H. apri from China and Japan is the same. The identity of the both mt genomes (except for non-coding regions) was 98.3% between wild pig louse H. apri from China and Japan. The entire mt genome sequence (except for non-coding regions) of wild pig louse H. apri from China is longer (3 bp) than that from Japan. For the 13 protein-coding genes, this comparison showed sequence differences in each gene at both the nucleotide (0.8%–2.4%) and amino acid (0.4%–3.5%) levels. The most conserved of these genes was the nad6, whereas the nad2 was least conserved at the nucleotide levels. This is the first comprehensive comparison of the mt genomes of a louse species from different geographic locations. This useful data provides additional genetic markers to study the phylogeny, systematics and population genetics of wild pig louse H. apri.

10aminichromosome10aMitochondrial genome10aWild pig louse1 aNie, Yu1 aFu, Yi-Tian1 aWang, Wei1 aLi, Rong1 aTang, Wan-Qing1 aLiu, Guo-Hua uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442200032303223nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245005400055210005300109260001600162300001000178490000700188520245600195653001502651653002102666653001602687653001802703653001802721100001602739700001702755700002002772700002402792700001602816700001902832700001702851856007702868 2022 eng d a2049-995700aHuman pediculosis, a global public health problem0 aHuman pediculosis a global public health problem cMay-26-2022 a15 pp0 v113 a

Background Human pediculosis is caused by hematophagous lice, which are transmitted between individuals via direct and/or indirect contact. Despite the public health importance of louse infestation, information concerning the global burden of pediculosis and the epidemiological landscape of louse-borne diseases is limited. The aim of this review was to summarize the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of lice infestation in humans. We also discussed the latest advances in molecular taxonomy and molecular genetics of lice.

Methods We searched five electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, VIP Chinese Journal Database, and Wanfang Data) and followed a standard approach for conducting scoping reviews to identify studies on various aspects of human lice. Relevant information reported in the identified studies were collated, categorized, and summarized.

Results A total of 282 studies were eligible for the final review. Human pediculosis remains a public health issue affecting millions of people worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that head lice and body lice should be considered conspecific, with different genotypes and ecotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial (mt) cytb gene sequences identified six distinct clades of lice worldwide. In addition to the direct effect on human health, lice can serve as vectors of disease-causing pathogens. The use of insecticides plays a crucial role in the treatment and prevention of louse infestation. Genome sequencing has advanced our knowledge of the genetic structure and evolutionary biology of human lice.

Conclusions Human pediculosis is a public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. More progress can be made if emphasis is placed on the use of emerging omics technologies to elucidate the mechanisms that underpin the physiological, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of lice.

10ahuman lice10aOmics technology10aPediculosis10aPhylogenetics10apublic health1 aFu, Yi-Tian1 aYao, Chaoqun1 aDeng, Yuan-Ping1 aElsheikha, Hany, M.1 aShao, Renfu1 aZhu, Xing-Quan1 aLiu, Guo-Hua uhttps://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-022-00986-w02141nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260001600253300001000269490000700279520137300286653001801659653002501677653002601702653001801728100001601746700001201762700001701774700001801791700001401809700001701823856004701840 2022 eng d a1422-006700aA Novel Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Pattern in the Buffalo Louse Haematopinus tuberculatus (Psocodea: Haematopinidae)0 aNovel Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Pattern in the Buffalo  cOct-28-2022 a13 pp0 v233 a

Sucking lice are obligate ectoparasites of mammalian hosts, causing serious public health problems and economic losses worldwide. It is well known that sucking lice have fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes, but many remain undetermined. To better understand patterns of mt genome fragmentation in the sucking lice, we sequenced the mt genome of the buffalo louse Haematopinus tuberculatus using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The mt genome of H. tuberculatus has ten circular minichromosomes containing a total of 37 genes. Each minichromosome is 2.9–5.0 kb long and carries one to eight genes plus one large non-coding region. The number of mt minichromosomes of H. tuberculatus (ten) is different from those of congeneric species (horse louse H. asini, domestic pig louse H. suis and wild pig louse H. apri) and other sucking lice. Two events (gene translocation and merger of mt minichromosome) are observed in Haematopinus. Compared to other studies, our phylogeny generated from mt genome datasets showed a different topology, suggesting that inclusion of data other than mt genomes would be required to resolve phylogeny of sucking lice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a ten mt minichromosomes genome in sucking lice, which opens a new outlook into unexplored mt genome fragmentation patterns in sucking lice.

10abuffalo louse10aFragmented mt genome10aPhylogenetic analyses10arecombination1 aFu, Yi-Tian1 aSuleman1 aYao, Chaoqun1 aWang, Hui-Mei1 aWang, Wei1 aLiu, Guo-Hua uhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/1309202366nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245020100055210006900256260001600325300001000341490000700351520148800358653001901846653001701865653002201882653001601904653001601920100002001936700001401956700001601970700001201986700001301998700001702011856007202028 2023 eng d a2213-224400aMorphological and molecular evidence reveals a new species of chewing louse Pancola ailurus n. sp. (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) from the endangered Chinese red panda Ailurus styani0 aMorphological and molecular evidence reveals a new species of ch cApr-01-2023 a31-380 v203 a

Highlights

Abstract

Lice are six-legged, wingless, insect parasites of mammals and birds, and include two main functional groups: blood-sucking lice and chewing lice. However, it is still not clear whether the Chinese red panda Ailurus styani is infested with the parasitic louse. In the present study, we describe a new genus and a species of chewing louse, Pancola ailurus (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) based on morphological and molecular datasets. The morphological features showed that Pancola is closer to Paratrichodectes. The genetic divergence of cox1 and 12S rRNA among the Pancola ailurus n. sp. and other Trichodectidae lice was 29.7 – 34.6% and 38.9 – 43.6%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on the available mitochondrial gene sequences showed that P. ailurus n. sp. is more closely related to Trichodectes canis and Geomydoecus aurei than to Felicola subrostratus and together nested within the family Trichodectidae. This study is the first record of parasitic lice from the endangered Chinese red panda A. styani and highlights the importance of integrating morphological and molecular datasets for the identification and discrimination of new louse species.

10aAilurus styani10aChewing lice10aChinese red panda10anew species10asystematics1 aDeng, Yuan-Ping1 aWang, Wei1 aFu, Yi-Tian1 aNie, Yu1 aXie, Yue1 aLiu, Guo-Hua uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221322442200110903293nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260001600249300001000265490000700275520246700282653001402749653002302763653002502786653002602811100001202837700001602849700001402865700002002879700001402899700001102913700001702924856008602941 2021 eng d a1756-330500aHighly rearranged mitochondrial genome in Falcolipeurus lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from endangered eagles0 aHighly rearranged mitochondrial genome in iFalcolipeurusi lice P cMay-20-2021 a11 pp0 v143 a

Background Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes and extensive mt gene rearrangements have been frequently reported from parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). However, relatively little is known about the mt genomes from the family Philopteridae, the most species-rich family within the suborder Ischnocera.

Methods Herein, we use next-generation sequencing to decode the mt genome of Falcolipeurus suturalis and compare it with the mt genome of F. quadripustulatus. Phylogenetic relationships within the family Philopteridae were inferred from the concatenated 13 protein-coding genes of the two Falcolipeurus lice and members of the family Philopteridae using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods.

Results The complete mt genome of F. suturalis is a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule 16,659 bp in size that contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and three non-coding regions. The gene order of the F. suturalis mt genome is rearranged relative to that of F. quadripustulatus, and is radically different from both other louse species and the putative ancestral insect. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clear genetic distinctiveness between F. suturalis and F. quadripustulatus (Bayesian posterior probabilities = 1.0 and bootstrapping frequencies = 100), and that the genus Falcolipeurus is sister to the genus Ibidoecus (Bayesian posterior probabilities = 1.0 and bootstrapping frequencies = 100).

Conclusions These datasets help to better understand gene rearrangements in lice and the phylogenetic position of Falcolipeurus and provide useful genetic markers for systematic studies of bird lice. 

10aBird lice10aGene rearrangement10aMitochondrial genome10aPhylogenetic analyses1 aNie, Yu1 aFu, Yi-Tian1 aZhang, Yu1 aDeng, Yuan-Ping1 aWang, Wei1 aTu, Ya1 aLiu, Guo-Hua uhttps://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-021-04776-503461nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260001600243300000900259490000700268520275400275653002503029653002603054653001403080100001603094700001203110700001803122700001703140856008603157 2020 eng d a1756-330500aVariation of mitochondrial minichromosome composition in Hoplopleura lice (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) from rats0 aVariation of mitochondrial minichromosome composition in Hoplopl cOct-06-2020 a9 pp0 v133 a

Background The family Hoplopleuridae contains at least 183 species of blood-sucking lice, which widely parasitize both mice and rats. Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been reported in two rat lice (Hoplopleura kitti and H. akanezumi) from this family, but some minichromosomes were unidentified in their mt genomes. 

Methods We sequenced the mt genome of the rat louse Hoplopleura sp. with an Illumina platform and compared its mt genome organization with H. kitti and H. akanezumi.

Results Fragmented mt genome of the rat louse Hoplopleura sp. contains 37 genes which are on 12 circular mt minichromosomes. Each mt minichromosome is 1.8–2.7 kb long and contains 1–5 genes and one large non-coding region. The gene content and arrangement of mt minichromosomes of Hoplopleura sp. (n = 3) and H. kitti (n = 3) are different from those in H. akanezumi (n = 3). Phylogenetic analyses based on the deduced amino acid sequences of the eight protein-coding genes showed that the Hoplopleura sp. was more closely related to H. akanezumi than to H. kitti, and then they formed a monophyletic group.

Conclusions Comparison among the three rat lice revealed variation in the composition of mt minichromosomes within the genus Hoplopleura. Hoplopleura sp. is the first species from the family Hoplopleuridae for which a complete fragmented mt genome has been sequenced. The new data provide useful genetic markers for studying the population genetics, molecular systematics and phylogenetics of blood-sucking lice.

Preprint version see https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-42350/v1 and the title of preprint version is "Variation in mitochondrial minichromosome composition among Hoplopleura lice (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) from rats"

 

10aFragmented mt genome10aPhylogenetic analyses10aRat louse1 aFu, Yi-Tian1 aNie, Yu1 aDuan, De-Yong1 aLiu, Guo-Hua uhttps://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-020-04381-y01151nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245019300055210006900248260001300317300000800330490000800338520042500346100001600771700001600787700001400803700001200817700001700829700001600846856008300862 2021 eng d a0888-754300aCorrigendum to ‘Fragmented mitochondrial genomes evolved in opposite directions between closely related macaque louse Pedicinus obtusus and colobus louse Pedicinus badii’0 aCorrigendum to Fragmented mitochondrial genomes evolved in oppos cMar-2021 a7270 v1133 a

The authors regret:

This article contains an error in Fig. 3. The orientation of nad1 should be clockwise. See a corrected Fig. 3 below. As a consequence, nad1 should be clockwise in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8B as well.

The original article can be view from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0888754320310491?via%3Dihub

See also https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/95497

1 aFu, Yi-Tian1 aDong, Yalun1 aWang, Wei1 aNie, Yu1 aLiu, Guo-Hua1 aShao, Renfu uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888754321000410?via%3Dihub01856nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245017200055210006900227260001300296300001400309490000800323520114100331100001601472700001601488700001401504700001201518700001701530700001601547856008701563 2020 eng d a0888-754300aFragmented mitochondrial genomes evolved in opposite directions between closely related macaque louse Pedicinus obtusus and colobus louse Pedicinus badii0 aFragmented mitochondrial genomes evolved in opposite directions  cNov-2020 a4924-49330 v1123 a

We report for the first time the fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes of two Pedicinus species: Pedicinus obtusus and Pedicinus badii, and compared them with the lice of humans and chimpanzees. Despite being congeneric, the two monkey lice are distinct from each other in mt karyotype. The variation in mt karyotype between the two Pedicinus lice is the most pronounced among the congeneric species of sucking lice observed to date and is attributable to the opposite directions between them in mt karyotype evolution. Two of the inferred ancestral mt minichromosomes of the higher primate lice merged as one in the macaque louse whereas one of the ancestral minichromosomes split into two in the colobus louse after these two species diverged from their most recent common ancestor. Our results showed that mt genome fragmentation was a two-way process in the higher primate lice, and minichromosome merger was more common than previously thought.

Corrigendum to the article see https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888754321000410?via%3Dihub, and

https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/95498

1 aFu, Yi-Tian1 aDong, Yalun1 aWang, Wei1 aNie, Yu1 aLiu, Guo-Hua1 aShao, Renfu uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0888754320310491?via%3Dihub02291nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141300000900210520142700219653002501646653002501671653001901696653001401715100001401729700001101743700001701754700001401771700002101785700002501806700001701831700001501848700001601863700001601879700002001895856008601915 2019 eng d a1063-515700aMitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Unites the Parasitic Lice of Eutherian Mammals0 aMitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Unites the Parasitic Lice of  a1-113 a

Abstract.—Organelle genome fragmentation has been found in a wide range of eukaryotic lineages; however, its use in phylogenetic reconstruction has not been demonstrated. We explored the use of mitochondrial (mt) genome fragmentation in resolving the controversial suborder-level phylogeny of parasitic lice (order Phthiraptera). There are approximately 5000 species of parasitic lice in four suborders (Amblycera, Ischnocera, Rhynchophthirina, and Anoplura), which infest mammals and birds. The phylogenetic relationships among these suborders are unresolved despite decades of studies. We sequenced the mt genomes of eight species of parasitic lice and compared them with 17 other species of parasitic lice sequenced previously. We found that the typical single-chromosome mt genome is retained in the lice of birds but fragmented into many minichromosomes in the lice of eutherian mammals. The shared derived feature of mt genome fragmentation unites the eutherian mammal lice of Ischnocera (family Trichodectidae) with Anoplura and Rhynchophthirina to the exclusion of the bird lice of Ischnocera (family Philopteridae). The novel clade, namely Mitodivisia, is also supported by phylogenetic analysis of mt genome and cox1 gene sequences. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that organelle genome fragmentation is informative for resolving controversial high-level phylogenies.

10agenome fragmentation10aMitochondrial genome10aParasitic lice10aPhylogeny1 aSong, Fan1 aLi, Hu1 aLiu, Guo-Hua1 aWang, Wei1 aJames, Peter, J.1 aColwell, Douglas, D.1 aTran, Anette1 aGong, Siyu1 aCai, Wanzhi1 aShao, Renfu1 aWiegmann, Brian uhttps://academic.oup.com/sysbio/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sysbio/syy062/5098615