02484nas a2200265   4500008004100000245012400041210006900165300001600234490000700250520166500257653001701922653001701939653001701956653001501973653001501988653001902003653001602022653001902038100002302057700002402080700002302104700002202127700002602149856004302175       2017                        eng d00aClosing the gap: Avian lineage splits at a young, narrow seaway imply a protracted history of mixed population response0 aClosing the gap Avian lineage splits at a young narrow seaway im  a5752 - 57720 v263 a<p>The evolutionary significance of spatial habitat gaps has been well recognized since Alfred Russel Wallace compared the faunas of Bali and Lombok. Gaps between islands influence population structuring of some species, and flightless birds are expected to show strong partitioning even where habitat gaps are narrow. We examined the population structure of the most numerous living flightless land bird in New Zealand, Weka (Gallirallus australis). We surveyed Weka and their feather lice in native and introduced populations using genetic data gathered from DNA sequences of mitochondrial genes and nuclear b-fibrinogen and five microsatellite loci. We found low genetic diversity among extant Weka population samples. Two genetic clusters were evident in the mtDNA from Weka and their lice, but partition- ing at nuclear loci was less abrupt. Many formerly recognized subspecies/species were not supported; instead, we infer one subspecies for each of the two main New Zealand islands. Although currently range restricted, North Island Weka have higher mtDNA diversity than the more wide-ranging southern Weka. Mismatch and neutrality statistics indicate North Island Weka experienced rapid and recent population reduc- tion, while South Island Weka display the signature of recent expansion. Similar haplo- type data from a widespread flying relative of Weka and other New Zealand birds revealed instances of North Island&mdash;South Island partitioning associated with a narrow habitat gap (Cook Strait). However, contrasting patterns indicate priority effects and other ecological factors have a strong influence on spatial exchange at this scale.</p>
10aBiogeography10acospeciation10aFeather lice10afibrinogen10aflightless10amicrosatellite10anew zealand10aphylogeography1 aTrewick, Steven, A1 aPilkington, Stephen1 aShepherd, Lara, D.1 aGibb, Gillian, C.1 aMorgan-Richards, Mary  uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mec.14323