02964nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260001600240300000900256490000700265520213000272653003002402653001202432653001502444653001302459100003002472700002302502700003402525700002502559700002902584700002702613856007002640 2021 eng d a2522-830700aPrevalence assessment of ectoparasitic arthropods among commonly consumed wildlife in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria0 aPrevalence assessment of ectoparasitic arthropods among commonly cJan-06-2021 a7 pp0 v453 a

Background: Wildlife reservoirs not only act as a source of infection for vectors but also serve as hosts for the vectors themselves, supporting their populations. Their public health significance in developing countries is of growing importance as a result of zoonotic and enzootic diseases associated with the pathogens they transmit. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites of wild game in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. Physical examinations were carried out on 143 wildlife, and laboratory identification was employed on the ectoparasites. The collected ectoparasites were identified in the laboratory using literature and with the help of a taxonomist.

Results: Out of the 143 game examined, 114 was infected with at least one parasite representing about 98.6% of an infestation. Among the parasites identified,Amblyomma spp. showed the highest prevalence of 24.5% at 95% confidential intervals of CI (1.45–3.19)–24.5% (p ≤ 0.05). No difference was observed in the prevalence of the ectoparasites according to sex, except forIxodes holocyclus.Similarly, no difference was observed in prevalence with reference to age except forRhipicephalus spp. andPolyplax spinulosawhich showed differences

Conclusions: The present study provides basic data about the most prevalent ectoparasitic arthropod among game in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria, which requires an evaluation of its zoonotic control measures. This work can elicit the risk of possible transmission of some zoonotic and enzootic diseases via game. Improving awareness among local people and bushmeat dealers about the risk of contracting a vector-borne disease through wildlife is crucial.

10aEctoparasites Infestation10aNigeria10aPrevalence10awildlife1 aOzioko, Kingsley, Uchenna1 aOkoye, Chris, Ikem1 aUbachukwu, Patience, Obiageli1 aAgbu, Raymond, Awudu1 aEzewudo, Bede, Izuchukwu1 aEzea, Celestine, Osita uhttps://bnrc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42269-020-00461-202862nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162260001400231300000900245490000600254520211200260653001302372653001802385653000902403653001402412653001202426100002002438700001902458700002002477700002302497700001902520856006902539 2021 eng d a2379-948X00aEctoparasitic Burden of Lice Infestations in Local and Exotic Breeds of Chickens in Maiduguri, Nigeria0 aEctoparasitic Burden of Lice Infestations in Local and Exotic Br cSept-2021 a5 pp0 v83 a

Introduction: This research was designed in order to determine the ectoparasitic burden of lice infestation in local and exotic breed of chickens and the relationships between age, sex, and management status of the infested and uninfested birds.


Methodology: A total of 515 chickens were examined at 12 different locations of Maiduguri and environs for the presence of lice in which the prevalence were obtained from each location; in order to determine the ectoparasitic burden of lice infestation in local and exotic breed of chickens and the relationships between age, sex, and management status of the infested and uninfested birds between April, 2018 and June, 2019.

Result: The overall prevalence of ectoparasitic burden of lice infestation in chickens from Maiduguri and its’ environments examined between April, 2018 and June, 2019 was 17.5% (90 infected) while 82.5% (425) were non-infected. In order of abundance, it was found that Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, Goniodes gigas and Goniocotes gallinae, were the most commonly infestating lice of poultry in the study area. Female chickens were more infested 66 (22.2%) than their male counterparts 24 (11.0%) (P < 0.05). Adult chickens were more infested 82 (27.3%) than the younger ones 8 (3.7%) (P < 0.005). Exotic chickens were more exposed to lice infestation 66 (21.3%) than local chickens 24 (11.7%) (P < 0.05). Additionally, intensive managed chickens were more infested 69 (18.0%) than extensive managed chickens 21 (15.9%) (P > 0.05). The thigh and breast muscle predominate by habouring 51 (98.1%) of the biting lice, the vent recorded 23 (95.8%); while 14 (93.3%) was found under the wings.

Conclusion: It is highly imperative to investigate the presence of some hemoparasites associated with these lice species found on chickens in the study area in order to come-up with a comprehensive control and management of lousiness and lice associated parasites on chickens in the area.

10achickens10aectoparasites10alice10aMaiduguri10aNigeria1 aKonto, Mohammed1 aMohammed, K.M.1 aAhmed, Musa, I.1 aMustapha, Muhammad1 aKyari, Falmata uhttps://www.jscimedcentral.com/VeterinaryMedicine/vol8issue1.php01862nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245009800054210006900152260000900221300001200230490000600242520113100248653002001379653001801399653001201417653001501429653001001444100001601454700002201470700002701492700001501519700001801534856005601552 2008 eng d a1816494300aEctoparasites of Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia domestica, Linnaeus) in Zaria, Nigeria0 aEctoparasites of Domestic Pigeon iColumba livia domesticai Linna c2008 a79 - 840 v33 a

A total of 240 (127 males and 113 females) domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica Linnaeus) purchased from Samaru and Sabon-Gari markets in Zaria, were examined by plumage brushing for ectoparasites. One hundred and seventy-seven (73.8%) of the birds were infested by five species of ectoparasites. The ectoparasites comprised lice: 15 (6.3%) Menopon gallinae, 153 (63.8%) Columbicola columbae and 26 (10.8%) Goniodes sp.; flies: 89 (37.1) Pseudolynchia canariensis and 6 (2.5%) of mites (Dermanyssus gallinae). Seventy-four (30.8%) of the domestic birds had single infestation, 95 (39.6%) had double infestation and 7 (2.9%) had triple infestation. The difference between single and mixed infestation was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The females had a higher prevalence 84 (74.3%) than the males 93 (73.2%). There was however no significant difference (p>0.05) in the infestation rates between the sexes. Ectoparasites were removed from the birds through out the year with highest prevalence (95%) in August. Columbicola columbae and Pseudolynchia canariensis were collected through out the year.

10adomestic pigeon10aectoparasites10aNigeria10aPrevalence10aZaria1 aAdang, K.L.1 aOniye, Sonnie, J.1 aEzealor, Augustine, U.1 aAbdu, P.A.1 aAjanusi, O.J. uhttp://www.scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jp.2008.79.8402701nas a2200241 4500008004100000022002000041245010200061210006900163300001400232490000700246520194400253653001602197653003202213653001902245653001802264653001802282653002402300653001202324100002002336700001802356700001702374856006802391 2011 eng d a1595-6938/2011 00aA study of ecto and endo parasites of domestic birds in Etsako Municipality, Edo North of Nigeria0 astudy of ecto and endo parasites of domestic birds in Etsako Mun a209 - 2160 v113 a

Three hundred faecal samples from 300 domestic birds representing 100 from each of the 3 Local Government
Areas (LGA’s) were examined for helminth parasites, while 18 live domestic birds comprising of 10 fowls (Gallus domestica), 4
ducks (Anas sparsa), and 4 pigeons (Columbia livie) were also investigated for ecto-and helminth parasites in the three (3) Local
Government Area in Etsako, Edo state, Nigeria.
Two hundred and thirteen (213) 71% of the 300 faecal samples investigated were found to have parasite eggs. They include: 10
(46.7%) species of nematodes, Ascaridia galli, Syngamus trachae, Capillaria annulata, Heterakis gallinae, Cappillaria
longicollis, Syngamus bronchiali, Amidostomum anseris, Subulura brumpti, Capillaria retusa and Echinuria uncinate, 4 (8.9%)
species of cestodes, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Raillietina species, Amoebotaenia sphenoides and Davainea proglothina.
All 10 live fowls (55.5%) and 2 pigeons (11.1%) were found to be infected with helminth parasites. The parasites include: 8
species of cestodes, Amoebotrienia cuneata, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Hymenolepis species, Raillietina species, Raillietina
cesticillus, Mesocestoides species, Davainea proglottina and Raillietina echinobothridia, which was the only helminth parasite
found in pigeon in this study. 2 species of nematode; Ascaridia galli and Strongyloides avium. 1 species of trematode,
Echinostoma species.
Ten species of ectoparasites (Mallophaga-lice), were also found on the birds, they include; Lipeurus caponis (83.3%),
Columbicola columbae (38.8%), Coclutogaster heterographus (22.2%), Chelopistes meleagridis (38.8%), Gonoides dissimilis
(77.7%), Gonoides gallinae (38.8%), Gonoides hologaster (16.6), Menopon gallinae (27.7%), Mencanthus stramineus (66.6%)
and Gonoides gigas (27.7%).

10aAnas sparsa10aCoclutogaster heterographus10aDomestic birds10aectoparasites10aEndoparasites10aEtsako Municipality10aNigeria1 aEdosomwan, E.U.1 aOlumese, E.R.1 aIgetei, E.J. uhttp://ojs.klobexjournals.com/index.php/nisebj/article/view/13102034nas a2200229 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001400207490000600221520135700227653001301584653001301597653001801610653001701628653001501645653001201660100001501672700001801687700001801705700001501723856006601738 2010 eng d00aA Preliminary Survey on the Parasites of Free Range Chicken in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria0 aPreliminary Survey on the Parasites of Free Range Chicken in Abe a123 - 1300 v93 a

A preliminary study was carried out to assess the parasitic burden of domesticated and free range chicken in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of twenty birds where purchased from five popular markets in Abeokuta namely, Itoku, Kuto, Lafenwa and Osiele and examined for presence of parasites. The skin and feathers of the birds were also combed to check for ectoparasites. Afterward, the birds were slaughtered and the intact gastro-intestinal tract were then separated and opened to check for endoparasites. All parasites found were collected into petri-dishes and examined under microscope for identification. Two species of ectoparasites Menacanthus stramineus with a prevalence of 90.0% and Lipeurus caponis with a prevalence of 60.0% were recovered. Three species of endoparasites found consisted of two nematodes (Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum) and one cestode (Raillietina echinobothridia). Ascaridia galli and Raillietina echinobothridia were seen in the small intestine and Heterakis gallinarum in the caecum.  Raillietina echinobothridia had the highest prevalence of 80.0% followed by Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum each with 60.0% prevalence. The results show that free-range chickens in Abeokuta carry high parasitic burden which could be a big constraint to their productivity and commercial value.

10aAbeokuta10achickens10aectoparasites10aEndoparasite10aFree range10aNigeria1 aEkpo, U.F.1 aOgbooye, A.A.1 aOluwole, A.S.1 aTakeet, M. uhttp://journal.unaab.edu.ng/index.php/JNSET/article/view/111502404nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245013000054210006900184260000900253300001000262490000600272520156900278653001801847653003101865653001201896653001501908653002001923653001001943100001601953700002201969700002701991700001502018700001802033700001702051856005802068 2010 eng d a597-634300aEctoparasites and intestinal helminths of speckled pigeon (Columba guinea Hartlaub and Finsch 1870) in Zaria, Nigeria.0 aEctoparasites and intestinal helminths of speckled pigeon iColum c2012 a1 - 50 v43 a

A total of 30 (20 males and 10 females) Speckled Pigeons trapped from the wild in Zaria and its environs, Nigeria, were examined for ectoparasites and intestinal helminths, to determine the prevalence, intensity and mean intensity of infestation and infection. The plumages of the birds were brushed onto a white sheet of paper placed in a tray for the collection of ectoparasites, while the gastrointestinal tracts of the birds were examined for helminths. Eighteen (60.0%) of the birds were infested by three species of ectoparasites. The ectoparasites comprised of lice: 17 (56.7%) Menopon gallinae Linnaeus 1758, 18 (60.0%) Columbicola columbae Linnaeus 1758 and flies: 9 (30.0%) Pseudolynchia canariensis Macquart 1840. Single, double and triple infestations were found in 1(3.3%), 8(26.7%) and 9(30.0%) respectively, though the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The sex-specific infestation rate was 12(60.0%) in males and 6(60.0%) in females. Seventeen (56.7%) birds were infected by helminths represented by four species of cestodes recovered from the gastrointestinal tract. The cestodes were represented by Raillietina tetragona Molin, 1858 1(3.3%), Raillietina cesticillus Molin, 1858 8(26.7%), Amoebotaenia cuneata Linstow, 1872 4(13.3%) and Hymenolepis carioca Magalhaes, 1898 4(13.3%). Single infection was the only infection type observed. The sex-specific rate of infection was 11(55.0%) in males and 6(60.0%) in females. This study portrays the Speckled Pigeons as a probable definitive host of some ectoparasites and helminths.

10aectoparasites10agastrointestinal helminths10aNigeria10aPrevalence10aSpeckled Pigeon10aZaria1 aAdang, K.L.1 aOniye, Sonnie, J.1 aEzealor, Augustine, U.1 aAbdu, P.A.1 aAjanusi, O.J.1 aYoriyo, K.P. uhttp://www.ajol.info/index.php/swj/article/view/5183603489nas a2200241 4500008004100000245019700041210006900238300001400307490000700321520249000328653001802818653003102836653001202867653001502879653001002894100001602904700002202920700002702942700001502969700001802984700001703002856022803019 2009 eng d00aEctoparasites and Gastro-Intestinal Helminths of Black-Billed Wood Dove (Turtur abyssinicus) and Vinaceous Dove (Streptopelia vinacea) Hartlaub and Finsch 1870 in Zaria, Nigeria.0 aEctoparasites and GastroIntestinal Helminths of BlackBilled Wood a850 - 8560 v103 a

A total sample of 50 birds consisting of 40 Black- billed Wood Doves (Turtur abyssinicus) and 10 Vinaceous Doves (Streptopelia vinacea) Hartlaud and Finsch 1870 trapped from the wild in Zaria, Nigeria, were examined for ectoparasites and gastro-intestinal helminths, to determine the prevalence, intensity, and mean intensity of infestation and infection. The bodies of the birds were brushed onto a white sheet of paper placed in a tray for the collection of ectoparasites, while the gastro-intestinal tracts of the birds were examined for helminths.


Three species of ectoparasites, Menopon gallinae Linnaeus 1758 1 (2.5%), Columbicola columbae Linnaeus 1758 5 (12.5%), and Argas persicus Oken 1818 2 (5.0%) were collected from Black- billed Wood Dove while Menopon gallinae Linnaeus 1758, 2 (20.0%), Columbicola columbae Linnaeus 1758 19 (10.0%), and Pseudolynchia canariensis Macquart 1840 1 (10.0%) were collected from Vinaceous Dove.


Single and double infestations were found in 6 (15.0%) and 1 (2.5%) birds respectively in Black- billed Wood Dove, while only double type infestations were found in 2 (20.0%) Vinaceous Doves.

The sex-specific infestation rates were 5 (20.8%) in males and 2 (12.5%) in females in Black-billed Wood Dove and 1 (25.0%) in males and 1 (16.7%) in females in Vinaceous Dove. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the infestation rates between the sexes.

Five species of cestodes were collected from the gastro-intestinal tracts of Black-billed Wood Doves and three from Vinaceous Doves. The cestodes were Raillietina tetragona Molin, 1858 1 (2.5%), Raillietina cesticillus Molin, 1858 4 (10.0%), R. magninumida Jones, 1930 3 (7.5%), R. echinobothrida Megnin, 1881 5 (12.5%), Amoebotaenia cuneata Linstow, 1872 1 (2.5%), and R. cesticillus Molin, 1858 2 (20.0%), Hymenolepis carioca Magalhaes, 1898 1 (10.0%) and Hymenolepis cantaniana Polonio, 1860 1 (10.0%), respectively.

Only a single infection type was observed in Black-billed Wood Dove while Vinaceous Dove had single and double infections in the order 2 (20.0%) and 1 (10.0%), respectively. The sex- specific infection rates were 11 (45.8%) in males and 3 (18.8%) in females in Black-billed Wood Dove and 1 (25.0%) in males and 2 (33.3%) in females in Vinaceous Dove.

This study implicated the Black-billed Wood Dove and the Vinaceous Dove as a probable definitive host of some ectoparasites and helminths.

10aectoparasites10agastrointestinal helminths10aNigeria10aPrevalence10aZaria1 aAdang, K.L.1 aOniye, Sonnie, J.1 aEzealor, Augustine, U.1 aAbdu, P.A.1 aAjanusi, O.J.1 aYoriyo, K.P. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/238116480_Ectoparasites_and_Gastro-Intestinal_Helminths_of_Black-Billed_Wood_Dove_Turtur_abyssinicus_and_Vinaceous_Dove_Streptopelia_vinacea_Hartlaub_and_Finsch_1870_in_Zaria_Nigeria03168nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245010100054210006900155260001200224300001200236490000600248520240700254653001602661653002502677653001802702653001402720653001202734653001502746100001602761700002302777700001702800700001402817700001402831856005702845 2019 eng d a2413844400aEctoparasitosis in Domesticated Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo) in Jere Area, Borno State, Nigeria0 aEctoparasitosis in Domesticated Turkeys Meleagris Gallopavo in J c01-2019 a11 - 220 v53 a

The present cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and identify the species of ectoparasites infesting domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Jere area. The study was conducted from the month of April to October, 2016 of the study period. Out of the total of 300 domesticated turkeys examined for the presence or absence of ectoparasites, 185 (61.67%) were found to be infested with one or more ectoparasites. The prevalence rate according to the study locations varies as Galtimari Ward (15.0%), Mairi emirate (12.67%), Fori ward (12.33%), University Staff Quarters (11.0%) and Mairi Kuwait (10.67%) of Jere. Among the Four different types of ectoparasites encountered, Lice (31.67%) were found to be the most prevalent followed by the Flea (15.33%) and Mites (12.0%) while the Ticks (2.67%) are the least prevalent. However, among the eight (8) different species of ectoparasites found on the infested turkeys; the most prevalent species of ectoparasites found was Lipeurus tropicalis (17.67%), followed by Echidnophaga gallinacean (15.33%), Menacanthus stramineus (8.33%), Dermanyssus gallinae (7.0%), Chelopistes meleagridis (5.67%), Epidermoptes bilobatus (3.0%), Argas persicus (2.67%) and Cnemidocoptes mutans (2.0%) in a descending order of prevalence rate. There was mixed infestation with two or more species of ectoparasites in some infected turkeys. Ectoparasites infestation was found to be significantly higher in Adult (44.0%) than in the young (17.67%) turkeys (P = 0.0148; RR = 1.202). Ectoparasites infestation was also found to be higher in the female (33.0%) than in the male (28.67%) turkeys, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.3102; RR = 0.9240). Ectoparasites infestation was found to be significantly higher in turkeys reared under the extensive (50.0%) compared to those reared under the intensive (11.67%) management systems (P < 0.0001; RR = 1.622). This is the first survey to determine the prevalence and identify the species of ectoparasites among domestic turkeys in Jere area of Borno State, Nigeria. The occurrence of ectoparasites
in domestic turkeys indicated the existence of diverse ectoparasites fauna in the present study area which is associated with inadequate management system such as poor hygienic rearing system, poor husbandry and lack of strategic ectoparasites control practices.

10aBorno State10aDomesticated Turkeys10aectoparasites10aJere area10aNigeria10aPrevalence1 aLawal, J.R.1 aMustapha, Muhammad1 aAdamu, Lawan1 aDauda, J.1 aBiu, A.A. uhttp://www.conscientiabeam.com/archive/110/03-2019/102250nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245008200054210006900136260001200205300001100217490000600228520156600234653000801800653001701808653001001825653000901835653001201844653001001856100003001866700002301896700002201919856006701941 2019 eng d a2405673100aPrevalence of ectoparasite infestations in owned dogs in Kwara State, Nigeria0 aPrevalence of ectoparasite infestations in owned dogs in Kwara S c02-2019 ae000790 v43 a

In Nigeria, dogs are the common companions in many households and, harbor wide range of ectoparasites of severe zoonotic potentials. A cross sectional survey was conducted to examine the prevalence, intensity and risk factors of ectoparasite infestation among the owned dogs in Kwara state, Nigeria. A total of 333 dogs were screened for ectoparasites, and questionnaires were applied to obtain information regarding; age, sex, breeds, coat colour and management practices by dog owners. Two hundred and seventy one (81.4%) dogs were infested with at least one species of ectoparasite and multiple infestations recorded mostly among the female dogs. Six species of ectoparasites of three taxa were identified: ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Haemaphysalis leachii and Amblyomma variegatum), fleas (Ctenocephalides canis and C. felis) and louse (Heterodoxus spiniger). R. sanguineus s.l. was the most prevalent (70.3%) followed by C. felis (42.1%) and H. spiniger (30.0%). Intensities of C. felis, H. spiniger and R. sanguineus s.l infestations were significantly higher in female and younger dogs (p b 0.001). Ectoparasites occurrence varied with breed and coat colour of host. A high preva- lence of ectoparasite infestation recorded is at variance with the knowledge of dogs' owners in this study area. Therefore, intervention based on provision of veterinary clinics and prevention and management of parasite infestation in endemic area would mitigate the possible health hazard associated with the ectoparasitic infestation of dogs.

10adog10aepidemiology10afleas10alice10aNigeria10aticks1 aAbdulkareem, Babamale, O.1 aChristy, Asaba, L.1 aUgbomoiko, U., S. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S240567311830011402116nas a2200229 4500008004100000245014100041210006900182260001400251300000900265490000600274520136000280653001901640653002501659653001201684653001801696653002501714653002501739100001501764700002001779700002501799856006201824 2018 eng d00aEcto-Parasites and Intestinal Helminth Community of Domesticated Pigeons (Columba livia) of Trans-Amadi Abattoir, Port Harcourt, Nigeria0 aEctoParasites and Intestinal Helminth Community of Domesticated  c16-7-2018 a3 pp0 v13 a

Fifty domesticated pigeons (Columba livia) were purchased from Trans-Amadi abattoir, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between January and April, 2018, for the investigation of the ecto-parasites and intestinal helminth species infecting them. Standard parasitological procedures were observed. The weight of the uninfected pigeons (218.02±8.00g) did not differ significantly from that of the infected specimens (229.96±6.08g). Two ecto-parasites were found on the pigeons. They were both lice species, namely, Columbicola columbae and Chelopistes meleagridis, and occurred at the prevalence of 58% and 14%, respectively. Three intestinal helminth parasite species were recovered and they were one cestode, Raillietina tetragona, one nematode, Ascaridia columbae and one protozoa, Eimeria sp. The prevalence rates of infection of these intestinal helminth parasites were 38%, 6% and 2%, respectively. Both single and multiple infections were observed. Single infection with lice was the most prevalent followed by infection with only cestodes in the host specimens. The most prevalent multiple infection was that of cestode and lice at a prevalence of 16%. The lice are of public health importance and pigeon handlers are advised to wear protective clothing during contact with the birds to reduce the chances of contracting lice infestation.

10aEcto-parasites10aIntestinal Helminths10aNigeria10aPort Harcourt10aTrans-Amadi abattoir10aZoonotic infestation1 aLaku, C.B.1 aOnwuteaka, J.N.1 aAmuzie, Chidinma, C. uhttps://scienceforecastoa.com/Articles/JGF-V1-E2-1010.pdf05391nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210007100214260001600285300000700301490000700308520455200315653001704867653001404884653001204898653001104910100001904921700003504940700003404975700002905009700001905038700001805057856006205075 2017 eng d a0035-186500aPrévalence et variations saisonnières des infestations par les ectoparasites des dindons de basse-cour, Meleagris gallopavo, à Sokoto, Nigeria0 aPrévalence et variations saisonnières des infestations par les e cAug-09-2018 a210 v703 a

Résumé: Entre août 2009 et juillet 2011, une étude a été conduite dans la région de Sokoto pour déterminer le taux d’infestation des dindons par les ectoparasites ainsi que l’abondance et les variations saisonnières de ces derniers. Les parasites ont été récoltés par la méthode du « dust-ruffling » (déloger les para- sites des plumes en les ébouriffant après saupoudrage de pyré- thrinoïde), puis mis dans des flacons d’éthanol à 70 %, avant d’être éclaircis au lactophénol, puis identifiés au microscope. L’examen de 265 oiseaux a révélé de forts taux d’infestation ainsi qu’une grande diversité parasitaires puisque 12 espèces ont été identifiées. Quatre espèces de poux (Phthiraptera : Ischnocera et Amblycera) ont été trouvées : Lipeurus tropi- calis (chez 78 % des dindons alors que cette espèce n’avait jusqu’alors pas été mentionnée chez cet oiseau), Menacan- thus stramineus (48 %), Goniocotes gallinae (35 %) et Chelo- pistes meleagridis (33 %). Il y avait également deux espèces de tiques (Acari : Metastigmata), Argas persicus (chez 50 % des oiseaux) et Hyalomma impressum (10 %), et cinq aca- riens responsables de gales (Acari : Astigmata et Mesostig- mata) : Bdellonyssus bursa (45 %), Megninia cubitalis (32 %), Epidermoptes bilobatus (20 %), Freyana chanayi (12 %) et Cnemidocoptes mutans (10 %). Une seule espèce de puce (Siphonaptera : Ceratophylloidea), Echidnophaga gallinacea, a été identifiée. Dans de nombreux cas, les oiseaux n’étaient infestés que par moins d’une douzaine de parasites, mais L. tropicalis et B. bursa étaient en revanche très abondants sur certains dindons qui pouvaient héberger plusieurs milliers d’individus. D’autres oiseaux étaient infestés par des dizaines voire quelques centaines d’A. persicus, de M. stramineus ou d’E. gallinacea. Les infestations étaient plus fréquentes pendant la saison sèche chaude (p < 0,01) et la saison chaude humide (p < 0,05) que pendant la saison sèche fraîche. Ces observa- tions suggèrent qu’il serait nécessaire de mettre en place des mesures de prévention et de lutte pour réduire l’importance des ectoparasites dans cette région.

Mots-clés : dindon, ectoparasite, morbidité, Nigeria

Engish title: Prevalence and seasonal fluctuations of ectoparasites infesting backyard turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo, in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria

A systematic survey was conducted during two consecutive years, August 2009 to July 2011, to study the prevalence, abundance and seasonal fluctuations of ectoparasites of turkeys in Sokoto and its environs. The ectoparasites were recovered from the birds using the dust-ruffling technique, fixed in 70% alco- hol and identified microscopically following clearing in lactophenol. The results, based on examination of 265 birds, revealed a high prevalence and a high par- asite diversity with no less than 12 species recorded. In decreasing order of prevalence, ectoparasites recorded included four louse species (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera and Amblycera): Lipeurus tropicalis (78%, hitherto unknown from turkeys), Menacanthus stramineus (48%), Goniocotes gallinae (35%), and Chelo- pistes meleagridis (33%). Two species of ticks (Acari: Metastigmata) were found: Argas persicus (50%) and Hyalomma impressum (10%). Five parasitic mites (Acari: Astigmata and Mesostigmata) were observed: Bdellonyssus bursa (45%), Megninia cubitalis (32%), Epidermoptes bilobatus (20%), Freyana chanayi (12%) and Cnemidocoptes mutans (10%). Only one flea species (Siphonaptera: Cera- tophylloidea), Echidnophaga gallinacea, was found. Many infestations consisted of a few to a dozen individuals per bird, but L. tropicalis and B. bursa were very abundant and could reach thousands of individuals on some birds, and A. persicus, M. stramineus and E. gallinacea were abundant, sometimes with hundreds of individuals, on some others. Infestations fluctuated seasonally and were more often present in the hot dry season (p < 0.01) and the warm wet sea- son (p < 0.05) than in the cool dry harmattan season. The findings suggest the need to develop effective preventive and control options to deal with ectopara- sites which flourish in numbers and diversity in the area.

10aectoparasite10aMorbidity10aNigeria10aTurkey1 aFabiyi, J., P.1 aAlayande, Musbaudeen, Olayinka1 aAkintule, Alexander, Olayinka1 aLawal, Mohammed, Dalhatu1 aMahmuda, Aliyu1 aUsman, Mahmud uhttp://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/REMVT/article/view/3139100560nas a2200181 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117260000900186300001400195490000700209653001200216653001300228653001200241653001400253653001600267100002200283856007300305 1979 eng d00aTwo new species of sucking lice (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from Nigeria0 aTwo new species of sucking lice Anoplura Hoplopleuridae from Nig c1979 a510 - 5130 v1510aanimals10aAnoplura10aNigeria10aSciuridae10aterminology1 aKaneko, Kiyotoshi uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45697.pdf01183nas a2200205 4500008004100000245016500041210006900206260000900275300001400284490000700298520044900305653001200754653001800766653001900784653004600803653002400849653001200873100001900885856007300904 1980 eng d00aThe grey-breasted helmet guineafowl (Numida meleagridis galeata), a new host for Amyrsidea powelli (Bedford 1920) and Cuclotogaster occidentalis (Tendeiro 1954)0 agreybreasted helmet guineafowl Numida meleagridis galeata a new  c1980 a303 - 3040 v333 a

In the course of examination of 620 grey-breasted helmet guineafowl (Numida meleagridis galeata) from variouos parts of Northern Nigeria, two species of lice namely Amyrsidea powelli and Cuclotogaster occidentalis, hitherto unreported from these birds were recovered. A. powelli was present in 78 p. 100 birds, reaching pathogenic proportions on occasions while C. occidentalis was present in 17 p. 100 with all infestations being low.

10aanimals10abird diseases10aBird parasites10aLice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary10aLice/classification10aNigeria1 aFabiyi, J., P. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45612.pdf00831nas a2200289 4500008004100000020001400041245006600055210006400121260001800185300001400203490000700217653001200224653002100236653002200257653001200279653001000291653001900301653000900320653002100329653001200350653001700362653001700379653001000396100001900406700001900425856009700444 1980 eng d a0378-972100aControl of arthropod vectors of disease in Nigeria - a review0 aControl of arthropod vectors of disease in Nigeria a review aENGLANDc1980 a197 - 2130 v2810aanimals10aArachnid Vectors10aArthropod Vectors10aDiptera10afleas10aInsect Control10alice10aMosquito Control10aNigeria10aPest Control10aTick Control10aticks1 aIwuala, M., O.1 aEjezie, G., C. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/control-arthropod-vectors-disease-nigeria-review02046nas a2200301 4500008004100000020001400041245007000055210006900125260001700194300001400211490000700225520109600232653001201328653001201340653001701352653002501369653001001394653004601404653001501450653001201465653001001477653004501487653005901532653001001591100002201601700001701623856010401640 1985 eng d a0377-016800aPrevalence of ectoparasites of small ruminants in Nsukka, Nigeria0 aPrevalence of ectoparasites of small ruminants in Nsukka Nigeria aTAIWANc1985 a313 - 3170 v123 aOver a period of one year (January 1983 to December 1983), an investigation was mounted to determine common ectoparasitic infestation of small ruminants in selected farms in Nsukka, Nigeria. The species identified in goats included Ctenocephalides canis, Boophilius decolouratus and Amblyomma variegatum lides while those recovered from parasitized sheep were Ctenocephalides canis and Damalinia ovis. Out of a total of 148 sheep and goats examined for ectoparasites, 68 (45.95%) were infested. A further breakdown of this figure shows that 10 (18.52%) out of a total number of 54 sheep screened were infested, while 58 (61.70%) of the goats (94) examined were infested. Identification of these ectoparasites was by anatomical and morphological characteristics. Result of the investigation indicated that there was variation in the degree of ectoparasitic infestation from one animal to another. Epizootiological factors associated with ectoparasitic infestation of small ruminants were highlighted and the zoonotic importance of Ctenocephalides canis and Amblyomma variagatum was discussed.10aanimals10aClimate10aectoparasite10aFleas/classification10agoats10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aMallophaga10aNigeria10asheep10aSheep Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology10aTick Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary10aticks1 aUgochukwu, E., I.1 aApeh, A., O. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/prevalence-ectoparasites-small-ruminants-nsukka-nigeria01789nas a2200289 4500008004100000020001400041245006300055210006200118260001700180300001400197490000700211520080400218653001201022653001701034653001701051653002501068653005901093653002401152653005901176653002501235653001201260653005901272653002501331100002201356700002101378856010001399 1985 eng d a0377-016800aEctoparasitic infestation of dogs in Bendel State, Nigeria0 aEctoparasitic infestation of dogs in Bendel State Nigeria aTAIWANc1985 a308 - 3120 v123 aAn investigation into ectoparasitic infestation of different breeds of dogs presented to four veterinary clinics in Benin, Sapele and Auchi in Bendel State of Nigeria during the period January 1983 to December 1983 is presented. Of a total of 820 dogs examined for ectoparasites 246 (30.00%) were infected by ticks, 226 (27.56%) by lice, 212 (25.85%) by fleas and 109 (13.29%) by mites. The species of ectoparasites identified and their prevalence rates were Rhipicephalus sanguineus (19.5%), Otobius megnini (10.48%), Ctenocephalides canis (25.85%), Demodex canis (13.29%). Common clinical symptoms evinced in this species include scratching, licking, irritation, restlessness, alopecia, otitis externa and dermatitis. Some aspects of epidemiology of canine ectoparasitic infestation are discussed.10aanimals10aDog Diseases10aectoparasite10aFleas/classification10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary10aLice/classification10aMite Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary10aMites/classification10aNigeria10aTick Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary10aTicks/classification1 aUgochukwu, E., I.1 aNnadozie, C., C. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/ectoparasitic-infestation-dogs-bendel-state-nigeria01789nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001400041245005400055210005300109260000900162300001200171490000700183520106600190653001201256653001301268653001201281653001701293653004601310653001501356653001201371653002101383100002201404700001801426856009101444 1986 eng d a0377-016800aEctoparasitic fauna of poultry in Nsukka, Nigeria0 aEctoparasitic fauna of poultry in Nsukka Nigeria c1986 a93 - 970 v133 aAn investigation which lasted for a period of one calendar year was mounted to determine common ectoparasitic fauna of poultry in Nsukka, Nigeria. This survey covered twenty commercial poultry farms located in different areas of Nsukka. Birds were picked and thoroughly examined visually for the presence of ectoparasites after horizontal displacement of the feathers against their anatomical direction of alignment. Identification was mainly by morphological characteristics, host preference and anatomical location. The result of the survey indicates that 15 (75%) out of a total of 20 farms sampled were infested. Furthermore, the orders Mallophaga and Anoplura were commonly recovered. Common ectoparasites identified and their prevalence rates are as follows: Gonoides gigas (15.0%), Menacanthus stramineus (20.0%), Lipeurus caponis (25.0%), Ceratophyllus gallinae (25.0%) and Amblyomma sp. (15.0%). The veterinary importance of these ectoparasites are highlighted and possible control measures against ectoparasitic build up in poultry houses recommended.10aanimals10aAnoplura10achicken10aectoparasite10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aMallophaga10aNigeria10aPoultry Diseases1 aUgochukwu, E., I.1 aOmije, F., A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/ectoparasitic-fauna-poultry-nsukka-nigeria01614nas a2200253 4500008004100000245015300041210006900194260000900263300001400272490000700286520078800293653001201081653001201093653001701105653001001122653004601132653001501178653004601193653001201239653001201251653002101263100001901284856005701303 1988 eng d00aEctoparasites of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata Pallas) and local domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) in southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria0 aEctoparasites of guinea fowl iNumida meleagris galeatai Pallas a c1988 a277 - 2800 v123 a

The ectoparasites of poultry in a southern guinea savanna zone were investigated by the examination of guinea fowl and local domestic chickens in the range and guinea fowl under intensive management. The prevalent ectoparasites of range guinea fowl and local chickens include seven species of lice Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, Numidilipeurus tropicalis, Damalinia bovis; three mites Bdellonyssus bursa, Megninia cubitalis, Dermanyssus gallinae; two fleas Echidnophaga gallinacea, Ctenocephalides felis and two ticks Argas persicus and Ambylomma variegatum. Under intensive management, infestation by G. gigas, L. caponis and M. gallinae led to clinical signs, feather damage, reduced food intake and death.

10aanimals10achicken10aectoparasite10afleas10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aMallophaga10aMite Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aNigeria10apoultry10aPoultry Diseases1 aOkaeme, A., N. uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF0034324501988nas a2200349 4500008004100000020001400041245007900055210006900134260001800203300001400221490000700235520093400242653001001176653000901186653001201195653001901207653001701226653001101243653003501254653002501289653001601314653001201330653004501342653001401387653001901401653001201420100002201432700002201454700002101476700002101497856012001518 2000 eng d a0378-874100aPediculocidal and scabicidal properties of Lippia multiflora essential oil0 aPediculocidal and scabicidal properties of Lippia multiflora ess aIRELANDc2000 a305 - 3110 v723 aThe essential oil from the leaves of Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Verbenaceae) was tested for its pediculocidal and scabicidal activites against bodylice, headlice and scabies' mites. The 'knockdown' times obtained for bodylice and headlice using lippia oil preparations were comparatively shorter than those obtained using benzyl benzoate and Delvap Super, a brand of dichlorvos. The lethal effect of the lippia oil on headlice was increased when applied in an enclosed system that prevented volatilization of the oil while allowing maximum contact of the vapour with the headlice. A 20% v/v preparation of lippia oil applied to scabietic subjects for 5 consecutive days gave 100% cure compared with 87.5% cure obtained for benzyl benzoate preparation of the same concentration. The GC-MS analysis of oil revealed, among others, the presence of terpineol, alpha- and beta-pinene which are known to be lethal to body and headlice.10aadult10aAged10aanimals10aChromatography10aDouble Blind10ahumans10aLice Infestations/drug therapy10aMass Fragmentography10aMiddle Aged10aNigeria10aOils, Volatile/chemistry/therapeutic use10aPediculus10aPlant Extracts10aScabies1 aOladimeji, F., A.1 aOrafidiya, O., O.1 aOgunniyi, T., A.1 aAdewunmi, T., A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/pediculocidal-and-scabicidal-properties-lippia-multiflora-essential-oil00607nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123260000900192300001200201490000800213653001100221653001300232653001200245653001600257653001100273100001900284856012200303 1985 eng d00aPediculosis humanus capitis among primary school children in Ife-Ife, Nigeria0 aPediculosis humanus capitis among primary school children in Ife c1985 a25 - 270 v10510aAfrica10aChildren10aNigeria10aPediculosis10aschool1 aJinadu, M., K. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/pediculosis-humanus-capitis-among-primary-school-children-ife-ife-nigeria00664nas a2200181 4500008004100000245018000041210006900221260000900290300001400299490000600313653001100319653001200330653001600342653001100358100002200369700002200391856006900413 1977 eng d00aThe incidence and distribution of head lice, Pediculus humanus var capitis (Insecta, Anoplura) in primary and post-primary school pupils in Nsukka, East Central State, Nigeria0 aincidence and distribution of head lice Pediculus humanus var ca c1977 a274 - 2830 v710aAfrica10aNigeria10aPediculosis10aschool1 aIwuala, M., O. E.1 aOnyeka, J., O. A. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45785.pdf00570nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260000900191300001400200490000700214653001100221653001200232653001600244653001200260100001800272856011000290 1988 eng d00aThe low income preschools in Benin City: some health aspects of the children0 alow income preschools in Benin City some health aspects of the c c1988 a369 - 3720 v4010aAfrica10aNigeria10aPediculosis10aschools1 aGoyea, H., S. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/low-income-preschools-benin-city-some-health-aspects-children00600nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260000900213300001400222490000700236653001200243653001600255653001100271100002000282856014000302 1988 eng d00aPediculosis capitis among primary school children in urban and rural areas of Kwara State, Nigeria0 aPediculosis capitis among primary school children in urban and r c1988 a101 - 1030 v5810aNigeria10aPediculosis10aschool1 aEbomoyi, E., W. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/pediculosis-capitis-among-primary-school-children-urban-and-rural-areas-kwara-state-nigeria00541nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260000900182300001400191490000700205653001200212653001600224653001100240100002000251856011200271 1994 eng d00aPediculosis capitis among urban school children in Ilotine, Nigeria0 aPediculosis capitis among urban school children in Ilotine Niger c1994 a861 - 8640 v8610aNigeria10aPediculosis10aschool1 aEbomoyi, E., W. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/pediculosis-capitis-among-urban-school-children-ilotine-nigeria01843nas a2200217 4500008004100000245003800041210003800079260000900117300001400126490000700140520127600147653001201423653000901435653001101444653001101455653001201466653002901478100001801507700002101525856007901546 1995 eng d00aGuinea fowl production in Nigeria0 aGuinea fowl production in Nigeria c1995 a261 - 2700 v513 aResearch findings on indigenous guinea fowl in Nigeria and the constraints on the local production are discussed. The most pressing problems include low hatchability, high mortality up to eight weeks, lack of reliable advice on veterinary and other problems and a shortage of sources of hatching eggs and young stock. In addition to early mortality, which may be as high as 60%, the characteristic timid, but very active, flighty and noisy temperament probably contributes to poor feed conversion efficiency through high energy output and feed wastage. Nigerian guinea fowl tend to be slow growing, weighing less than 1 kg at 8 weeks of age, and do not come into lay until about 1 year of age. Although monogamous in the wild, a sex ratio of 1:4 can give good fertility. Egg production is confined to the rainy season from April to October. Sex identification presents an enormous problem for most guinea fowl farmers. The nutrient requirements of native guinea fowl have not been established, making it impossible to be sure that balanced diets needed for optimum production are fed. The most important intestinal parasites are Eimeria sp., Ascaridia galli, Heterakis sp. and Capillaria caudiflata. The main external parasites are lice (Damalina sp. and Argas persicus).10adisease10afowl10agrowth10aguinea10aNigeria10anumida meleagris galeata1 aNwagu, B., I.1 aAlawa, C., B. I. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/guinea-fowl-production-nigeria