01990nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260001600200300001000216490000700226520139600233100002701629700002501656700002501681700002401706856007801730 2021 eng d a1932-620300aMitochondrial genome of Geomydoecus aurei, a pocket-gopher louse0 aMitochondrial genome of iGeomydoecus aureii a pocketgopher louse cJul-27-2021 a13 pp0 v163 a

Parasitic lice demonstrate an unusual array of mitochondrial genome architectures and gene arrangements. We characterized the mitochondrial genome of Geomydoecus aurei, a chewing louse (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) found on pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) using reads from both Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing coupled with PCR, cloning, and Sanger sequencing to verify structure and arrangement for each chromosome. The genome consisted of 12 circular mitochondrial chromosomes ranging in size from 1,318 to 2,088 nucleotides (nt). Total genome size was 19,015 nt. All 37 genes typical of metazoans (2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 13 protein-coding genes) were present. An average of 26% of each chromosome was composed of non-gene sequences. Within the non-gene region of each chromosome, there was a 79-nt nucleotide sequence that was identical among chromosomes and a conserved sequence with secondary structure that was always followed by a poly-T region. We hypothesize that these regions may be important in the initiation of transcription and DNA replication, respectively. The G. aurei genome shares 8 derived gene clusters with other chewing lice of mammals, but in G. aurei, genes on several chromosomes are not contiguous.

1 aSpradling, Theresa, A.1 aPlace, Alexandra, C.1 aCampbell, Ashley, L.1 aDemastes, James, W. uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.025413803147nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245007500055210006900130260001200199300001600211490000600227520235900233653001702592653001802609653002302627653001702650653001902667653002402686100002202710700002102732700002702753700002302780700002402803856005402827 2019 eng d a2045-775800aTemporal and spatial dynamics of competitive parapatry in chewing lice0 aTemporal and spatial dynamics of competitive parapatry in chewin c06-2019 a7410 - 74240 v93 a

Abstract: We synthesize observations from 1979 to 2016 of a contact zone involving two sub‐ species of pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae connectens and T. b. opulentus) and their respective chewing lice (Geomydoecus aurei and G. centralis) along the Río Grande Valley in New Mexico, U.S.A., to test predictions about the dynamics of the zone. Historically, the natural flood cycle of the Rio Grande prevented contact between the two subspecies of pocket gophers. Flood control measures completed in the 1930s permitted contact, thus establishing the hybrid zone between the pocket gophers and the contact zone between their lice (without hybridization). Since that time, the pocket gopher hybrid zone has stabilized, whereas the northern chewing louse spe‐ cies has replaced the southern louse species at a consistent rate of ~150 m/year. The 0.2–0.8 width of the replacement zone has remained constant, reflecting the con‐ stant rate of chewing louse species turnover on a single gopher and within a local pocket gopher population. In contrast, the full width of the replacement zone (north‐ ernmost G. centralis to southernmost G. aurei) has increased annually. By employing a variety of metrics of the species replacement zone, we are better able to understand the dynamics of interactions between and among the chewing lice and their pocket gopher hosts. This research provides an opportunity to observe active species re‐ placement and resulting distributional shifts in a parasitic organism in its natural setting.

Data Availability Statement:: 1. Chewing louse microsatellite genotypes and R‐scripts are available in Dryad, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9sv4q00. 2. Parasite voucher specimens and frozen tissue samples from pocket gophers are stored at −80°C at the University of Northern Iowa and at Louisiana State University. 3. Pocket gopher voucher specimens are housed at the Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science (LSUMZ), the Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico (MSB), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California (MVZ), or the Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections at Texas A&M University (BRTC). 4. Current and future research directions of the team may be found at https://louselab.uni.edu/homepage.

10aChewing lice10acontact zones10adispersal distance10ahybrid zones10aPocket gophers10aspecies replacement1 aHafner, David, J.1 aHafner, Mark, S.1 aSpradling, Theresa, A.1 aLight, Jessica, E.1 aDemastes, James, W. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/20457758/9/1302348nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245010500054210006900159260001200228300001500240490000700255520161100262653001701873653001701890653001601907653002301923653001601946653001401962653001901976100002301995700002102018856006702039 2007 eng d a1055790300aCophylogeny and disparate rates of evolution in sympatric lineages of chewing lice on pocket gophers0 aCophylogeny and disparate rates of evolution in sympatric lineag c12-2007 a997 - 10130 v453 a

Although molecular-based phylogenetic studies of hosts and parasites are increasingly common in the literature, no study to date has examined two congeneric lineages of parasites that live in sympatry on the same lineage of hosts. This study examines phylogenetic rela- tionships among chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) of the Geomydoecus coronadoi and Geomydoecus mexicanus species com- plexes and compares these to phylogenetic patterns in their hosts (pocket gophers of the rodent family Geomyidae). Sympatry of congeneric lice provides a natural experiment to test the hypothesis that closely related lineages of parasites will respond similarly to the same host. Sequence data from the mitochondrial COI and the nuclear EF-1a genes confirm that the two louse complexes are recip- rocally monophyletic and that individual clades within each species complex parasitize a different species of pocket gopher. Phylogenetic comparisons reveal that both louse complexes show a significant pattern of cophylogeny with their hosts. Comparisons of rates of nucle- otide substitution at 4-fold degenerate sites in the COI gene indicate that both groups of lice have significantly higher basal mutation rates than their hosts. The two groups of lice have similar basal rates of mutation, but lice of the G. coronadoi complex show significantly elevated rates of nucleotide substitution at all sites. These rate differences are hypothesized to result from population-level phenomena, such as effective population size, founder effects, and drift, that influence rates of nucleotide substitution.

10aCodivergence10acospeciation10aCratogeomys10aEvolutionary rates10ageomydoecus10aPhylogeny10aPocket gophers1 aLight, Jessica, E.1 aHafner, Mark, S. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790307003144