01523nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245022400055210006900279260001600348300000900364490000600373520050800379653001900887653001800906653000900924653002000933653001300953100002700966700002700993700002501020700002501045700002401070700003501094700003001129856008601159 2023 eng d a2675-130500aNew record of the chewing louse Myrsidea dissimilis (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) parasitizing a Purple Martin, Progne subis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae) in Amazonas, Brazil0 aNew record of the chewing louse iMyrsidea dissimilisi Kellogg 18 cNov-10-2023 a3 pp0 v53 a
PaPER in Russian : Фауна пухоедов (Mallophaga) птиц Воронежской области. Подотряд Ischnocera
Инвентаризация коллекционного материала, собранного в 1981–2021 гг. в Воронежской области, позволила выявить 45 видов пухоедов из 20 родов и 2 семейств подотряда Ischnocera, паразитирующих на птицах. Впервые для региона указано 22 вида Ischnocera: Brueelia cyclothorax (Burmeister, 1838), B. chrysomytris (Blagoveshtchensky, 1940), B. straminea (Denny, 1842), Philopterus troglodytis Fedorenko, 1986, Ph. turdi (Denny, 1842), Ph. atratus (Nitzsch, 1818), Ph. excisus (Nitzsch, 1818), Ph. ocellatus (Scopoli, 1763), Cuclotogaster heterogrammicus (Nitzsch, 1866), Cummingsiella aurea
Hopkins, 1949, Rhynonirmus helvolus (Burmeister, 1838), Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli, 1763), Capraiella subcuspidata (Burmeister, 1838), Degeeriella regalis (Giebel, 1866), Columbicola claviformis (Denny, 1842), C. bacillus (Giebel, 1866), Strigiphilus cursor (Burmeister, 1838), Coloceras liviae (Tendeiro, 1974), Campanulotes bidentatus (Scopoli, 1763), C. drosti Eichler, 1950, C. compar (Burmeister, 1838), Goniocotes microthorax (Stephens, 1829). Некоторые виды пухоедов обнаружены как на типичных, так и на случайных хозяевах (B. borini – на домовом и полевом воробьях, B. varia – на граче, C. uncinosus – на галке, Ph. montani – на домовом воробье, C. unicinosus – на серой вороне и галке). Связи некоторых видов птиц с нетипичными видами пухоедов чаще отмечались в городской среде при высокой численности и концентрации хозяев в подходящих для гнездования стациях. С учетом исследованных ранее пухоедов из подотряда Amblycera, а также Ischnocera – паразитов млекопитающих фауна пухоедов Воронежской области на сегодняшний день насчитывает 80 видов из 35 родов.
К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: пухоеды; Mallophaga; Ischnocera; Воронежская область; эктопаразиты
An inventory of the material collected in 1981–2021 from birds in the Voronezh Region revealed 45 chewing-lice species from 20 genera belonging to two families of the suborder Ischnocera. Twenty-two species of Ischnocera were detected in the region for the first time: Brueelia cyclothorax (Burmeister, 1838), B. chrysomytris (Blagoveshtchensky, 1940), B. straminea (Denny, 1842), Philopterus troglodytis Fedorenko, 1986, Ph. turdi (Denny, 1842), Ph. atratus (Nitzsch, 1818), Ph. excisus (Nitzsch, 1818), Ph. ocellatus (Scopoli, 1763), Cuclotogaster heterogrammicus (Nitzsch, 1866), Cummingsiella aurea Hopkins, 1949, Rhynonirmus helvolus (Burmeister, 1838), Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli, 1763), Capraiella subcuspidata (Burmeister, 1838), Degeeriella regalis (Giebel, 1866), Columbicola claviformis (Denny, 1842), C. bacillus (Giebel, 1866),
Strigiphilus cursor (Burmeister, 1838), Coloceras liviae (Tendeiro, 1974), C. bidentatus (Scopoli, 1763), C. drosti Eichler, 1950, Campanulotes compar (Burmeister, 1838), Goniocotes microthorax (Stephens, 1829). Besides typical hosts, some species of
chewing lice were found on occasional ones (B. borini – on house sparrow and Eurasian tree sparrow, B. varia – on rook, C. uncinosus – on western jackdaw, Ph. montani – on house sparrow, C. unicinosus – on hooded crow and western jackdaw). Associations of some bird species with occasional chewing lice species were usually observed in urban environments with a high abundance and concentration of hosts. Together with previously listed species of the suborder Amblycera and mammal-parasitic Ischnocera, the total checklist of chewing lice of the Voronezh Region currently comprises 80 species from 35 genera.
An inventory of ectoparasites was carried out on 120 young House martin living (Delichon urbica) in 18 nests in Tebessa province (South-Eastern Algeria). A total of 104 samples were collected and identified, nine species of ectoparsites, belonging to two classes: Arachnida and Insecta with relative abundance of 21.14% and 78.86% respectively. The identified species are: Ixodes lividus, Ixodes frontalis, Ceratophyllus gallinae, Ceratophyllus hirundinis, Callopsylla sp., Ceratophyllus sp., Xenopsylla sp., Stenepteryx hirundinis and Menacanthus sp. The predominant species of total ectoparasites was Ixodes lividus in abundance 17.30% followed by eratophyllus hirundinis and Xenopsylla sp. with 15.38%, and other species whose abundance varies between 14.42% and 3.84%. The distribution of ectoparasite groups on the young body of Delichonurbica is irregular, the lice have a wide distribution, they are found on the belly feathers (61.16%). However, ticks are mainly localized on the wings (100%) and fleas are mainly found on the ears (54.84%) and nasal cavities (42.92%)
10aDelichon urbica10afleas10aInsecta10alice10atebessa10aticks1 aHind, Fenghour1 aHayette, Bouabida1 aDjemaa, Dris1 aMoussa, Houhamdi uhttps://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:jer&volume=46&issue=2&article=03602682nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245014300055210006900198300001000267490000700277520189600284653001002180653001702190653002202207653001502229100003102244700002302275856019002298 2023 eng d a1582-136600aContribution to the fauna of chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) in wild birds of Spain, with new records and new host-louse associations0 aContribution to the fauna of chewing lice Insecta Phthiraptera i a22-330 v243 aThis manuscript presents new information on 14 species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) for the Spanish fauna. 9 species and 2 genera are new records for Spain. In addition, 12 host-louse associations not registered to date in Spain and 2 new associations for the first time worldwide are added, these are Laemobothrion (L.) tinnunculi from Falco naumanni and Ricinus meinertzahageni from Anthus campestris. Contribuție la studiul faunei păduchilor malofagi (Insecta: Phthiraptera) la păsările sălbatice din Spania, cu noi înregistrări și noi asociații gazdă-păduchi. Rezumat. Acest manuscris prezintă informații noi despre 14 specii de păduchi malofagi (Phthiraptera) pentru fauna spaniolă. Nouă specii și 2 genuri sunt noi semnalări pentru Spania. În plus, se adaugă 12 asociații gazdă-păduchi neînregistrate până în prezent în Spania și 2 asociații noi pentru prima dată la nivel mondial, acestea sunt Laemobothrion (L.) tinnunculi de la Falco naumanni și Ricinus meinertzahageni de la Anthus campestris.
Contribuție la studiul faunei păduchilor malofagi (Insecta: Phthiraptera) la păsările sălbatice din Spania, cu noi înregistrări și noi asociații gazdă-păduchi.
Rezumat. Acest manuscris prezintă informații noi despre 14 specii de păduchi malofagi (Phthiraptera) pentru fauna spaniolă. Nouă specii și 2 genuri sunt noi semnalări pentru Spania. În plus, se adaugă 12 asociații gazdăpăduchi neînregistrate până în prezent în Spania și 2 asociații noi pentru prima dată la nivel mondial, acestea sunt Laemobothrion (L.) tinnunculi de la Falco naumanni și Ricinus meinertzahageni de la Anthus campestris.
Cuvinte cheie: păsări; Mallophaga; ectoparazit; Peninsula Iberică.
Paper in Russian. Title: ФАУНА ПУХОЕДОВ (MALLOPHAGA) ВОРОНЕЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ. ПОДОТРЯД AMBLYCERA
Целью исследования являлось составление аннотированного списка видов пухоедов (Phthiraptera: Mallophaga, Amblycera) Воронежской области. Инвентаризация коллекционного материала, собранного в 1976–2021 гг., позволила выявить 30 видов
пухоедов из подотряда Amblycera. Они принадлежат к двум семействам и 12 родам. Впервые для Воронежской области указано 16 видов: Meromenopon incisum (Giebel, 1874), Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus, 1758), Austromenopon icterum (Burmeister, 1838), Menacanthus alaudae (Schrank, 1776), M. pici (Denny, 1842), Colpocephalum fregili Denny, 1842, C. turbinatum Plaget, 1880, Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch, 1818), M. isostoma (Nitzsch, 1866), M. indivisa (Nitzsch, 1866), M. troglodyti (Denny, 1842), Bonomiella columbae Emerson, 1957, B. concii Eichler, 1947, Hohorstiella lata (Piaget, 1880), H. modesta (Ansari, 1951), Ricinus serratus Durrant, 1906. По числу видов наиболее богато представлены роды Menacanthus (7 видов) и Myrsidea (6 видов). Обнаруженные в Воронежской области виды пухоедов оказались связанными со своими типичными хозяевами. Несколько видов Amblycera (Menacanthus agilis,
M. gonophaeus, Colpocephalum turbinatum) зарегистрированы на случайных хозяевах (гостепаразитизм) в условиях урбоэкосистем.
К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: пухоеды; Mallophaga; Amblycera; паразито-хозяинные связи; Воронежская область
Abstract:
An updated checklist of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Mallophaga, Amblycera) of the Voronezh Region was compiled based on an inventory of the entomological material collected in 1976-2021. It contains 30 species of chewing lice of the suborder Amblycera.
They belong to two families and 12 genera. Among them, 16 species, – Meromenopon incisum (Giebel, 1874), Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus, 1758), Austromenopon icterum (Burmeister, 1838), Menacanthus alaudae (Schrank, 1776), M. pici (Denny, 1842),
Colpocephalum fregili Denny, 1842, C. turbinatum Plaget, 1880, Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch, 1818), M. isostoma (Nitzsch, 1866), M. indivisa (Nitzsch, 1866), M. troglodyti (Denny, 1842), Bonomiella columbae Emerson, 1957, B. concii Eichler, 1947, Hohorstiella lata (Piaget, 1880), H. modesta (Ansari, 1951), Ricinus serratus Durrant, 1906 – are registered in the Voronezh Region for the first time. Genera Menacanthus and Myrsidea comprise the highest number of species. Most chewing lice species were associated with
their typical host-species. However, in urban ecosystems of the region, several Amblycera species (Menacanthus agilis, M. gonophaeus, Colpocephalum turbinatum) were retrieved from occasional host species
Online first published Nov. 2021
10abarn swallow10abegging10ahost switching10amouth colour10aparasite10aPetrochelidon pyrrhonata1 aDugas, Matthew, B.1 aBorder, Shana, E. uhttps://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-abstract/135/1/52/6445248?redirectedFrom=fulltext02263nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260001600236300000900252490000800261520124400269653001601513653003401529653003501563653003101598653004001629653003701669653003401706653004001740653004001780100002601820700001701846700001701863700002001880856007301900 2022 eng d a2118-977300aNew species of Philopterus Nitzsch, 1818 (Ischnocera: Philopteridae), with notes on Cypseloecus Conci, 19410 aNew species of Philopterus Nitzsch 1818 Ischnocera Philopteridae cFeb-04-2022 a1-520 v7903 aNatal dispersal contributes to population dynamics and genetic structure. Individuals differ in whether or not they disperse and in the distance they travel from their natal site before settling to breed. Differences in natal dispersal are often associated with variation in other traits. These associations may arise because suites of morphological and behavioural traits are ultimately controlled by the same set of genes. The genes that control melanogenesis in vertebrates pleiotropically influence physiology and behaviour, including boldness and exploration. Because these personality traits predict dispersal, we tested the hypothesis that in the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica, melanic coloration predicts natal dispersal, using a solid matched caseecontrol sampling design and a large sample. We found that males but not females with colour traits that reflect relatively more pheomelanic feather pigmentation were more likely to disperse, consistently with observations on the only other species for which dispersal in relation to plumage melanic coloration has so far been studied. To control for any confounding effects, we also analysed the association of dispersal with morphological traits and parasite infestation. Philopatric individuals were larger than dispersers, whereas dispersal strategy did not differ according to tail length, which is a sexually selected trait. Finally, philopatric females had a smaller infestation of a haematophagous louse fly. The present findings corroborate previous evidence that melanic coloration covaries with a suite of traits. In particular, they show that melanin-based plumage coloration predicts natal dispersal, independently of other factors also influencing dispersal. In addition, our results show that philopatric individuals were larger than dispersers possibly because individuals return to a benign natal place or because large body size confers an advantage in competitive interactions. Finally, they are
compatible with the idea of host adaptation to local strains of a parasite with presumably small population size and low dispersing capacity.
Birds host a wide range of ectoparasites and have developed behavioural strategies to combat them, such as preening, dust bathing and water bathing. In addition, a wide range of avian taxa anoint their feathers with insects or plants that have pharmaceutical properties, though most observations on anointing are anecdotal. Darwin's finches preen with leaves of an endemic tree (Psidium galapageium) and a previous laboratory study has shown that this plant has compounds that repel both mosquitoes and the invasive parasitic fly Philornis downsi, whose larvae suck blood from nestlings and incubating females and cause high nestling mortality. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that preening with P. galapageium leaves serves to repel these parasites with an indirect approach. Mosquitoes and P. downsi affect their hosts mainly during the bird breeding season and P. downsi only affects breeding females, but not adult males. To test our hypothesis, we gathered quantitative data on leaf‐preening behaviour in Darwin's finches during their breeding and non‐breeding season and also investigated the influence of time of day and humidity, as humid conditions facilitate the release of volatile organic compounds. Contrary to our predictions, anointing occurred significantly more often during the non‐breeding season when mosquito and P. downsi numbers are lower. Four Darwin's finch species anointed their feathers habitually, and during the non‐breeding season, 56% of all preening events were with leaves. We found no effect of sex, but preening with leaves occurred predominately in the morning when leaves were wet. Our study is the first to provide quantitative data on anointing behaviour in birds and the high percentage of preening with leaves in the non‐breeding season suggests that the behaviour has an adaptive value. However, further studies are needed to test whether it reduces the negative impact of parasites other than mosquitoes and P. downsi.
Attachement 95384.pdf is the online pre-printed version
10aCamarhynchus parvulus10aDarwin's finches10aPhilornis downsi10apreening10aPsidium galapageium10aself-medication1 aTebbich, Sabine1 aSchwemhofer, Timo1 aFischer, Barbara1 aPike, Courtney uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eth.1315302754nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001300041245010900054210006900163260001200232300001200244490000800256520182400264653001802088653001702106653001702123653001702140653001902157653001602176653000902192653001302201653002102214653002602235100002102261700002302282700002202305700002202327700002402349856006702373 2021 eng d a0003347200aDifferent underlying mechanisms drive associations between multiple parasites and the same sexual signal0 aDifferent underlying mechanisms drive associations between multi c01-2021 a183-1960 v1733 aAssociations between parasite loads and sexual signal expression have long been the focus of research. However, our understanding of how sexual selection operates in the context of multiple parasite infections within the same host is still quite limited. We examined the expression of plumage coloration, which is sexually selected in North American barn swallows, Hirundo rustica erythrogaster, and tail streamer length, which is sexually selected in other barn swallow subspecies, in the context of eight different parasite infections. We found that two parasites, nest mites and Plasmodium, were associated with colour expression, but in opposite directions. Attractive males were less likely to have mites in their nests, but more likely to be infected with Plasmodium. We found that different underlying mechanisms were generating the links between these different parasites and the same colour signal. Males that invested more in colour expression were less likely to survive when infected with Plasmodium, suggesting a physiological mechanism linking colour to Plasmodium infections. However, we found no clear cost to males when examining nest mites, which primarily infect offspring. Instead, using experimental mite manipulations, we provide evidence for a behavioural mechanism, where territorial behaviour and male–male competition likely drive the association between colour expression and nest mite infections. We did not find associations between parasites and streamer length in this subspecies, suggesting that the links between divergent sexual signals and parasites may be quite flexible. These results suggest that the evolution of a single sexual signal can be shaped by several, even opposing, links with different parasite infections.
attachment 95296.pdf pre-print version
10aavian malaria10abarn swallow10aco-infection10aectoparasite10ahaemosporidian10amate choice10amite10aparasite10asexual selection10aterritorial behaviour1 aHund, Amanda, K.1 aHubbard, Joanna, K1 aKrausová, Simona1 aMunclinger, Pavel1 aSafran, Rebecca, J. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334722030354701750nas a2200205 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260001200181300001400193490000700207520112900214653001501343653001501358653001701373653002101390653001901411100002601430700003101456856005701487 2019 eng d00aPlumage brightness and uropygial gland secretions in barn swallows0 aPlumage brightness and uropygial gland secretions in barn swallo c04-2019 a177 - 1820 v653 aThe uropygial gland has been hypothesized to play a role in sexual signaling through a "make-up" function derived from the effects of secretions from the gland on the appearance of the plumage and bare parts of the body. Here we show that plumage brightness of dorsal feathers of individual barn swallows Hirundo rustica was greater in mated than in unmated individuals. In addition, plumage brightness increased with colony size. Furthermore, plumage brightness was positively correlated with the amount of wax in the uropygial gland, negatively correlated with time of sampling of uropygial wax (perhaps because more wax is present early in the morning after an entire night of wax production without any preening), and negatively correlated with the number of chewing lice that degrade the plumage. Experimentally preventing barn swallows from access to the uropygial gland reduced plumage brightness, showing a causal link between secretions from the uropygial gland and plumage brightness. These findings provide evidence consistent with a role of uropygial secretions in signaling plumage brightness
10abrightness10acoloration10apreening wax10asexual selection10auropygial glan1 aMøller, Anders, Pape1 aMateos-González, Fernando uhttps://academic.oup.com/cz/article/65/2/177/502595102249nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245005000055210004900105260001600154300001400170490000800184520151600192653001801708653002501726653001501751653002401766653001701790100002601807700002001833700001701853700001801870700002001888700002401908856005101932 2015 eng d a0004-803800aFeather-chewing lice and Tree Swallow biology0 aFeatherchewing lice and Tree Swallow biology cJan-07-2015 a551 - 5610 v1323 aFeather-chewing lice (Order Phthiraptera, Suborder Ischnocera) commonly infest birds and may affect their survival and reproduction. From 1993 to 2005, we examined several aspects of the biology of breeding Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) potentially associated with holes in wing and tail feathers caused by feather-chewing lice. Most individuals had ,10 feather holes, but 90% of second-year (SY) females, 68% of after-second-year (ASY) females, and 80% of males had ?1 feather hole. ASY females had significantly fewer feather holes than SY females and males. There was evidence of positive assortative mating for feather hole number between ASY females and their mates. SY females and their mates did not differ significantly in the number of feather holes, but ASY females had significantly fewer holes than their mates. Males with fewer feather holes were heavier and had longer right wings. Feather hole abundance was not significantly associated with reproductive performance. Feather hole abundance was not associated with whether females bred 1 time or .1 time at our study site, but males with fewer holes were more likely to breed .1 time. Mean feather hole abundance differed significantly among years for SY females and males that bred 3 and 4 times, respectively, but not for ASY females that bred 4 times. Collectively, these data suggest that feather- chewing lice, as estimated by the damage they cause to wing and tail flight feathers, have little effect on Tree Swallow fitness.
10afeather holes10afeather-chewing lice10aIschnocera10aTachycineta bicolor10aTree Swallow1 aLombardo, Michael, P.1 aDrake, Patricia1 aOlson, Amber1 aOtieno, Sango1 aSpadacene, Lena1 aThorpe, Patrick, A. uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1642/AUK-14-252.104807nas a2200169 4500008004100000245016400041210006900205260001200274300001000286490000700296520413100303653008004434100001704514700002004531700001704551856006904568 2012 eng d00aRelationship between sexual signals and louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera) infestation of breeding and migrating Barn swallows ( Hirundo rustica ) in Hungary0 aRelationship between sexual signals and louse Insecta Phthirapte c06/2012 a37-430 v203 aLice (Phthiraptera) chew characteristic holes on the remiges and rectrices of Barn swallows (Hirundo rustica). The number of these holes correlate positively with the intensity of louse infestation, hence hole counts are useful to quantify lousiness. Several papers showed that lice affect both life expectancy and reproductive success of hosts. In male Barn swallows, the length of the outermost tail feathers act as a sexual signal. Females prefer long-tailed males, which have significantly fewer feather holes. In this study we sampled breeding and migrating Barn swallows and compared their louse burden, and the relationship between tail length and the number of feather holes. We found significant negative correlation between feather holes and tail length in breeding males; however, we found non-significant correlation in migrating males. We suggest that attractive males have more physical interactions (e.g. extra-pair copulation) during the breeding season, than less attractive males, hence they are more exposed to louse transmission, and therefore the difference in the infestation declines towards the end of the breeding season. However, given that migrating swallow groups include colonial and solitary breeding birds, it cannot be excluded that a potentially different louse distribution on solitary breeding birds may contribute to the results.
(Abstract in Hungarian) Összefoglalás
A füsti fecskék (Hirundo rustica) evező- és faroktollain a tolltetvek (Phthiraptera) karakterisztikus lyukakat rágnak. A toll-lyukak száma korrelál a tolltetű fertőzöttség intenzitásával, így a toll-lyukak megszámolásával a fertőzöttség jól becsülhető. A magasabb tolltetű fertőzöttségi intenzitás a füsti fecskék túlélési és szaporodási esélyeit is csökkenti. A hosszabb szélső faroktollú füsti fecske hímek kevésbé fertőzöttek, mint a rövidebb farkúak, így a szélső faroktollak hossza a fertőzöttség megbízható jelzéseként szolgálhat a tojók számára. Munkánkban vizsgáltuk, hogy a költési időszak során, a vonulási időszakra megváltozik-e a költő populációkban kimutatott negatív korreláció a szexuális szignálok és a tolltetű-fertőzöttség között. Költési időszakban és vonulási időszakban jelölt füsti fecskéken összehasonlítottuk a toll-lyukak gazdaegyedek közötti eloszlását, a fertőzöttség mérőszámait és öszszefüggését a szexuális szignálok kifejezettségével. A költő hímeknél negatív korrelációt találtunk a farokhossz és a toll-lyukak száma közt, a vonuló hímeknél azonban ez az összefüggés nem volt kimutatható. Hipotézisünk szerint a költési időszak során a „vonzóbb” hímek gyakrabban és több fajtárssal kerülnek fi zikai kontaktusba, mint „kevésbé vonzó” társaik, így ezek során nagyobb esélyük van tolltetvekkel fertőződni, ezáltal a költési időszak elején lévő fertőzöttségbeli különbség a vonulási időszakra lecsökkenhet. Ugyanakkor a minták különböző összetétele (a vonuló csapatokhoz magányosan költő madarak is társulnak) is hozzájárulhat a kapott eredményhez.Abstract in Hungary:
10aectoparasites; lice; feather holes; extra-pair copulation; sexual selection1 aGál, Enikő1 aCsörgő, Tibor1 aVas, Zoltán uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68777.pdf02061nas a2200133 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187260000900256300001400265490000700279520154300286100002501829856007301854 1992 eng d00aNew, known and unidentified species of Eulimdana (Nematoda): additional information on biologically unusual filarioids of charadriiform birds0 aNew known and unidentified species of Eulimdana Nematoda additio c1992 a209 - 2300 v233 a
Eulimdana spp. were found in 13 of 32 species of charadriiform birds from North America and Iceland; 88 of 636 adult birds and seven of 72 juvenile birds harboured infections. Described are: E. andersoni n.sp. from Chlidonias niger; E. metcalforum n. sp. from Sterna hirundo; E. sonini n. sp. from Charadrius hiaticula; E. wongae n. sp. from Limosa fedoa; and E. bainae n. sp. from Numenius phaeopus. Eulimdana asperum Bartlett, Anderson, & Bush, 1989 is reported for the second time in its type-host, Phalaropus tricolor. The emerging pattern of one parasite species to one host species suggests that most Eulimdana species are strongly host specific. However, E. fiorencae Bartlett & Anderson, 1990 is reported for the first time in a second species of Calidris (C. alba) and may be the unidentified species found in C. bairdii, C. alpina and C. pusilla. Other unidentified species were found in Larus pipixcan, Arenaria interpres and Recurvirostra americana. A key to species-groups (three are proposed) and species of Eulimdana in charadriiforms is given. Two pieces of evidence support an earlier suggestion that infections are acquired by neo-natal charadriiforms: (1) the presence of E. wongae in a bird captured as a chick and examined after two months in captivity; and (2) a greater frequency of mixed sex infections with microfilariae in infected juvenile birds (four of seven) than in infected adult birds (five of 88). The latter also supports an earlier suggestion that post-reproductive worms are ephemeral
1 aBartlett, Cheryl, M. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47595.pdf01909nas a2200169 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260000900237300001600246490000700262520131600269100001701585700002001602700002601622700001801648856007301666 2008 eng d00aThe Feather Holes on the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica and Other Small Passerines are Probably Caused by Brueelia Spp. Lice0 aFeather Holes on the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica and Other Smal c2008 a1438 - 14400 v943 aBarn swallows Hirundo rustica often have characteristic feather holes on wing and tail feathers. During the past 15 yr, several influential papers have been based on the assumption that these holes were chewed by the louse Machaerilaemus malleus. We gathered feather-hole data from barn swallows and other passerines at 2 sites in Hungary and correlated the presence of holes with louse infestations and, more specifically, with the occurrence of M. malleus versus other species of avian lice. The shape of frequency distribution of holes was left biased, and this bias was more pronounced in large swallow colonies that in a random sample, in accordance with the view that the causative agent of the ‘feather hole symptom’ is a contagious macroparasite. However, both intra- and interspecific comparisons suggest that the causative agent of the symptom had probably been misidentified. The occurrence of Brueelia spp. ‘wing lice’ provides the best fit to the distribution and abundance of feather holes, both in barn swallows and across some other small passerines. This identification error does not challenge the results of the former evolutionary–ecological studies based on this model system, although it has important implications fromthe viewpoint of louse biology.
1 aVas, Zoltán1 aCsörgő, Tibor1 aMøller, Anders, Pape1 aRózsa, Lajos uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47447.pdf00519nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260000900198300001600207490000700223100001800230700001800248856011900266 1992 eng d00aEctoparasitism as a cause of natal dispersal in Cliff Swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota)0 aEctoparasitism as a cause of natal dispersal in Cliff Swallows H c1992 a1718 - 17230 v731 aBrown, C., R.1 aBrown, M., B. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/ectoparasitism-cause-natal-dispersal-cliff-swallows-hirundo-pyrrhonota01675nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006400041210006200105260000900167300001400176490000700190520118900197100001801386700001801404700002201422856007301444 2004 eng d00aTree swallow reproductive investment, stress, and parasites0 aTree swallow reproductive investment stress and parasites c2004 a442 - 4480 v823 aWe reduced or increased tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot, 1808), clutch sizes by three eggs (50%of modal clutch size) to test experimentally for relationships between stress and parasite loads. In the first year of the study (1996), we enumerated two measures of stress (granulocyte to non-granulocyte ratios and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios), blood parasites, and ectoparasites living on birds (and not in nesting material). Stress indices increased for parents, but not for nestlings, associated with larger broods. Only one blood parasite (a trypanosome) was detected in blood smears from 221 different individuals. On individual birds, we found a median of 0 fleas, 0 lice, and 7 feather mites. In the second study (1998), we focused on parasites living in nesting material. Here, we found a median of 106 fleas and, of the parasites we observed, these probably had the greatest potential impact on the birds. Per capita flea loads were higher in nests that contained more young. However, despite higher stress to parents and higher per capita flea loads in enlarged broods, flea numbers were not associated with smaller nestlings or with reduced fledging success. 1 aShutler, Dave1 aMullie, Adele1 aClark, Robert, G. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47135.pdf02095nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260000900213300001400222490000700236520152500243100002601768700001701794700002301811700001801834856007301852 2006 eng d00aHabitat preference, escape behavior, and cues used by feather mites to avoid molting wing feathers0 aHabitat preference escape behavior and cues used by feather mite c2006 a277 - 2840 v173 aWe analyzed the pattern of distribution and the effect of molting on the escape behavior of feather mites on the wing feathers during the nonmolting and molting season of the barn swallow Hirundo rustica. Feather mites showed consistent preference for the second outermost primary, with a steady decrease in proximal distance and avoidance of the outermost primary. Several explanations are suggested to explain this unusual distribution. Further, analyzing the escape behavior of feather mites on molting primaries, we show that mites avoid the feathers destined to be dropped next on molting barn swallows, and in the case of the outermost primary, mites use the ‘‘last moment’’ strategy, namely, leaving feathers shortly before it is dropped. Next, we performed an experiment in which we simulated shedding feathers or feathers about to be shed on nonmolting barn swallows, in order to test cues used by feather mites in avoiding molting primaries. Both the vibration of the incised feather and the gap of the pulled feather induced mites to leave primaries situated distally, at two-feathers distance from the manipulated primary, related to the control group. Our results show that feather mites have the ability to perceive the signal produced by the feather that will drop next and by the gap of the missing feather. It remains to be demonstrated, whether feather mites have the ability to perceive the vibration of the feather per se or they perceive the altered airflow caused by the vibrating feathers.1 aPap, Péter, László1 aSzép, Tibor1 aTökölyi, Jácint1 aPiper, Steven uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47092.pdf02222nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260000900191300001400200490000800214520170400222100002601926700002201952700001701974856007301991 2005 eng d00aFrequency and consequences of feather holes in Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica0 aFrequency and consequences of feather holes in Barn Swallows Hir c2005 a169 - 1750 v1473 aThe relationship between feather quality, estimated through the prevalence and intensity of feather holes, and the breeding performance and survival of the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica was studied over a 5-year period. In addition, we present some indirect data on the role of chewing lice in producing the feather holes. The balanced distribution of feather holes (high prevalence, low aggregation) corresponds with the pattern of distribution of lice on colonial birds, and in the Barn Swallow. Feather holes were significantly and positively associated with the arrival dates of the birds, as both males and females with an increased number of feather holes started laying later. Females that survived the winter had significantly fewer holes than non-surviving females, whereas there was no difference in feather hole number between surviving and non-surviving males. Given that there was no association between the number of feather holes and body condition indices, except for the tail length of male Barn Swallows, we suggest that the negative effect of feather holes on the fitness of the birds is mainly apparent during periods of intensive locomotor activity, such as migration. Alternatively, if feather holes are an indicator of quality, those birds with a high intensity of feather holes may have been of poor quality. These birds may have been less able to cope with the environmental conditions, resulting in the lower survival and later arrival of the birds to the breeding grounds. The negative relationship between the length of the outermost tail feathers of males and the incidence of feather holes suggests that the tail is a condition-dependent secondary sexual characteristic.1 aPap, Péter, László1 aTököly, Jácint1 aSzép, Tibor uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46912.pdf01485nas a2200217 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260000900205300001400214490000700228520075800235100002900993700002201022700002301044700003301067700002301100700002101123700001901144700003101163856007301194 2006 eng d00aLice (Phthiraptera: Hexapoda) from marine birds belonging to the family Laridae from Chile0 aLice Phthiraptera Hexapoda from marine birds belonging to the fa c2006 a188 - 1910 v613 aSix species of lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae, Menoponidae) were collected from four marine bird species belonging to the family Laridae from the Chilean coast. Saemundssonia sternae (Linnaeus, 1758) and Quadraceps sellatus (Burmeister, 1838) collected from the boreal sea gull (Sterna hirundo, Linnaeus,1758), Saemundssonia lari (O. fabricius, 1780), Quadraceps punctatus (Burmeister, 1838) and Q. ornatus (Grube, 1851) found on the Dominican sea gull (Larus dominicanus, Lichtenstein, 1832); Q. punctatus collected from garuma sea gull (L. modestus Tschudi, 1843) and S. lari and Actornithophilus piceus lari (Packard,1870) found on Franklin sea gull (L. pipixcan Wagler,1831). All these species of Phthiraptera are first reports in Chile.
1 aGonzález-Acuña, Daniel1 aFischer, Christof1 aPalma, Ricardo, L.1 aMoreno-Salas, Lucila, del C.1 aBarrientos, Carlos1 aMuñoz, Lisandro1 aArdiles, Karen1 aCicchino, Armando, Conrado uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46809.pdf00638nas a2200169 4500008004100000245016700041210006900208260000900277300001400286490000700300653001900307653001300326653001100339100001900350700001900369856008000388 2006 eng d00aRemarks on two chewing louse species (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) collected from the individuals of a sand martin (Riparia riparia (L.)) colony from southern Romania0 aRemarks on two chewing louse species Phthiraptera Amblycera coll c2006 a129 - 1430 v4910aMachaerilaemus10aMyrsidea10aSurvey1 aAdam, Costică1 aChișamera, G. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46232.pdf02131nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260000900218300001600227490000700243520159400250100001301844700001701857700002601874856007301900 1999 eng d00aSexual selection for white tail spots in the barn swallow in relation to habitat choice by feather lice0 aSexual selection for white tail spots in the barn swallow in rel c1999 a1201 - 12050 v583 aMany bird species have white spots in their tails or wing feathers, and such characters have been hypothesized to be either reliable signals (handicaps) or amplifiers that facilitate the message of a signal. In barn swallows, Hirundo rustica, the size of the white spots in the tail feathers is sexually dimorphic and positively correlated with feather length. We tested whether such spots act as handicaps or amplifiers. These white spots affect sexual selection in barn swallows, as shown by an experiment in which we randomly subjected males to (1) a considerable reduction of the size of all the spots by the use of a black permanent marker pen, (2) a small reduction of the size of the spots, or (3) no reduction. There was a positive association between spot size and the number of offspring produced per season. The white tail spots were preferred by feather-eating Mallophaga as a feeding site: holes made by Mallophaga were more abundant in the white spots than expected by chance. A habitat choice experiment with Mallophaga on barn swallow tail feathers revealed that they preferred white spots over black parts of the tail feathers. We therefore expected long-tailed male barn swallows to have more Mallophaga than short-tailed males. However, the opposite relationship was observed, indicating that long-tailed males may reliably signal their quality by the presence of large white tail spots without parasite damage. Thus white tail spots in barn swallows appear to be a reliable signal of phenotypic quality. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.1 aKose, M.1 aMänd, Raivo1 aMøller, Anders, Pape uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45045.pdf02633nas a2200289 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260000900191300001400200490000700214520182000221653001702041653001702058653001702075653001702092653002402109653001302133653002002146653001502166653002002181653002002201653001602221100002602237700002402263700001402287856004202301 2004 eng d00aParasitism, immunity, and arrival date in a migratory bird, the barn swallow0 aParasitism immunity and arrival date in a migratory bird the bar c2004 a206 - 2190 v853 aLong-distance bird migration is expensive, and individuals in prime condition are therefore expected to arrive at the breeding grounds earlier than the average individual in the population. We tested whether arrival date during spring migration was associated with low parasite burden and strong T-cell-dependent immune response in populations of the transequatorially migrating Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica from Denmark, Italy, and Spain. Male Barn Swallows with heavy infestations of the chewing louse Hirundoecus malleus L. arrived later than other males, whereas that was not the case for females. This negative relationship remained after controlling the relationship between parasite load and arrival for tail length. Infection with blood parasites of the species Haemoproteus prognei was associated with delayed arrival in the Spanish population, which was the only one with a high prevalence of blood parasites. High intensities of infestation with a commensal feather mite were associated with early arrival by females, but also by males when the independent relationship between tail length and intensity of mite infestation was controlled statistically. Experimental manipulation of nest infestation with the hematophagous mite Ornithonyssus bursa Berlese affected the arrival date of adult males, but not of females in the following year, with arrival date being inversely related to the experimental mite population size. Males with strong T-cell responses arrived earlier than males with weak responses, independent of their tail length in two of three populations, but there was no significant relationship in females. These findings are in accordance with predictions based on the hypothesis that bird migration is dependent on condition, with individuals in prime condition arriving early.
10aarrival date10abarn swallow10aChewing lice10afeather mite10aHirundoecus malleus10aimmunity10amigration; mite10aparasitism10asex differences10aT-cell response10atail length1 aMøller, Anders, Pape1 ade Lope, Florentino1 aSaino, N. uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3450482 00481nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260000900199300001400208490000600222100001500228856011600243 1936 eng d00aStudies on the bank-swallow, Riparia riparia riparia Lin., in the Oneida Lake Region0 aStudies on the bankswallow Riparia riparia riparia Lin in the On c1936 a215 - 2220 v41 aStoner, D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/studies-bank-swallow-riparia-riparia-riparia-lin-oneida-lake-region00461nas a2200157 4500008004100000245003700041210003700078260000900115300003400124490000600158653001200164653001100176100001800187700001700205856008100222 1936 eng d00aParasitofauna gorodskoj lastoeki0 aParasitofauna gorodskoj lastoeki c1936 a80 - 113 (Mallophaga:100-105)0 v710aHirundo10aurbica1 aDogel, V., A.1 aNavcevie, N. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/parasitofauna-gorodskoj-lastoeki00507nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260000900195300001200204490000800216100001700224700001700241856011500258 1997 eng d00aEctoparasites of the House Martin, Delichon urbica in western Spain. 133, 41-48.0 aEctoparasites of the House Martin Delichon urbica in western Spa c1997 a41 - 480 v1331 aClark, Frank1 aHill, L., A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/ectoparasites-house-martin-delichon-urbica-western-spain-133-41-4802060nas a2200181 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260000900244300001400253490000700267520142700274653001701701653001201718653003401730100001501764700002601779856007301805 1999 eng d00aSexual selection, feather breakage and parasites: The importance of white spots on the tail of the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica)0 aSexual selection feather breakage and parasites The importance o c1999 a430 - 4360 v453 aThe long outermost tail feathers of barn swallows Hirundo rustica have white spots that are larger in males than in females and in adults than in juveniles. Spot size increases with age among adults and is positively correlated with tail length. We tested the functional significance of these white spots by randomly assigning males to either of three groups during spring: (1) subjected to a considerable reduction in the size of all spots using a black permanent pen; (2) subjected to a small reduction in the size of all spots; or (3) a controlgroup with no reduction. Experimental treatment significantly aected the total number of ospring produced per season: breeding tended to be delayed and second broods were less frequent after a considerable reduction in the size of the males' tail feather spots. White parts of feathers lacking melanin were more often found to be the site of feather breakage than the melanised parts of similar width. Furthermore, white tail spots were the preferred feeding site of feather-eating Mallophaga and, since long-tailed males have fewer Mallophaga than short-tailed males, long-tailed males may pay a lower cost for their large white tail spots than short-tailed males. Hence, the cost of increased risk of feather breakage at white tail spots and the non-random distribution of feather lice among individuals will render tail spots a reliable signal of phenotypic quality. 10abarn swallow10amelanin10asecondary sex characteristics1 aKose, Mati1 aMøller, Anders, Pape uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/42221.pdf01761nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119260000900188300001200197490000700209520123300216100002601449700001901475700001401494856009501508 2004 eng d00aGenetic variation in infestation with a directly transmitted ectoparasite0 aGenetic variation in infestation with a directly transmitted ect c2004 a41 - 470 v173 aGenetic variation in levels of parasitism of hosts is an underlying assumption of studies of coevolution, but few such estimates are available from the field. We studied genetic variation in the abundance of the chewing louse Hirundoecus malleus on its barn swallow host Hirundo rustica. These parasites are directly transmitted and a test of genetic variation of parasite abundance would thus provide a particularly strong test. The prevalence and the abundance of the chewing lice did not differ significantly between adult male and female hosts. The resemblance in parasite intensity of H. malleus of offspring and their parents was positive and highly significant, and an analysis of extra-pair paternity in the host allowed partitioning of this resemblance between genetic and common environment effects. There was no significant resemblance in parasite intensity between extra-pair offspring and their foster parents, although the resemblance remained for within-pair offspring. This provides evidence for the abundance of directly transmitted parasites having an additive genetic component. We found no evidence of common environment effects as parents did not resemble each other with respect to lice abundance.
1 aMøller, Anders, Pape1 aMartinelli, R.1 aSaino, N. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00660.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed01069nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119260000900188300001200197490001000209520054600219653001400765653001500779653001100794100002200805856007200827 1974 eng d00aOn the problem of some Ukrainian Passeriformes infestation with Mallophga0 aproblem of some Ukrainian Passeriformes infestation with Malloph c1974 a11 - 170 vNo. 13 aIn different regions of the Ukraine 914 Passeriformes belonging to 86species were investigated for infestation with Mallophaga. Extensivity of infestation amounted to 58.2%. The highest extensivity is registered for the families Sturnidae, Corvidae, Ploceidae, Hirundinidae and Laniidae. Infestation of some species with the limits of the same family is obserped to vary considerably. Passeriformes are less infected with Mallophaga as compared with the birds from such orders as Rallidae, charadriformes, Anseriformes, Galliformes.
10aAmblycera10aIschnocera10aSurvey1 aFedorenko, I., A. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/4763.pdf00572nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260000900232300001400241490000600255653000900261653000800270100002700278700003000305856007900335 1902 eng d00aPapers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898-1899. X. Entomological results (8). Mallophaga from birds0 aPapers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition 18981899 X c1902 a457 - 4990 v410amtax10aPHP1 aKellogg, Vernon, Lyman1 aKuwana, Shinkai, Inokichi uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3287.pdf02544nas a2200313 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260000900234300001400243490000700257520170300264653001201967653001001979653001101989653000902000653001502009653001802024653001502042653002102057653000902078653001302087653000902100653001202109653001302121100001402134700001402148700002602162856004202188 1998 eng d00aEffects of a dipteran ectoparasite on immune response and growth trade-offs in barn swallow, Hirundo rustica, nestlings0 aEffects of a dipteran ectoparasite on immune response and growth c1998 a217 - 2280 v813 aParasites can have a profound effect on biology and evolution of the hosts, which are expected to have evolved physiological and developmental mechanisms that allow them to minimise the costs imposed by parasites. In this study we analyse the effects of a dipteran ectoparasite on barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) nestling biology including rate of somatic growth, plasma protein concentration, blood cell sedimentation rate, hematocrit, concentration of leukocytes in peripheral blood, and T-lymphocyte cell-mediated immunocompetence. In a natural population, intensity of parasite infestation was positively correlated with growth of feathers. Nestlings in heavily infested nests may decide to allocate more resources to feather growth thus fledging early. To test this hypothesis, the detrimental effects of parasites on nestlings, and the existence of trade-offs between competing growth processes, we inoculated some nests with additional flies. Nestlings exposed to increased infestation had larger rate of feather growth but were in poorer condition than unmanipulated controls. Parasite inoculation resulted in larger concentrations of eosinophils and lymphocytes. Among siblings of broods inoculated with parasites, those that had the largest rate of feather growth had the lowest rate of increase in tarsus length and body mass. We conclude that louse flies depress barn swallow nestling condition and influence their immune profile. However, they also enhance growth of a morphological character that may allow nestlings to reduce the impact of parasites. Nestlings apparently experience a trade-off between the competing demands for growing feathers and other somatic characters.
10achicken10acliff10aclutch10acost10ahematology10ahematophagous10ahypothesis10aimmunocompetence10amite10aparasite10asize10asuccess10aswallows1 aSaino, N.1 aCalza, S.1 aMøller, Anders, Pape uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3547043 02700nas a2200325 4500008004100000245015100041210006900192260000900261300001400270490000600284520170200290653001301992653001402005653001802019653001202037653001602049653001202065653001102077653001602088653001302104653001402117653001102131653001402142653001202156653001202168653001002180100001902190700002402209856014102233 1998 eng d00aBilateral symmetry as an indicator of male quality in red- winged blackbirds: associations with measures of health, viability, and parental effort0 aBilateral symmetry as an indicator of male quality in red winged c1998 a220 - 2310 v93 aRecent evidence suggests that in many animal taxa, males characterized by low levels of bilateral asymmetry realize a mating advantage. The mechanisms responsible are poorly understood, but there is much interest in the possibility that symmetry reflects aspects of underlying individual quality and that females use symmetry as a criterion for mate selection. We used data assembled from a 3-year field study of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) to explore the possibility that symmetry provides females with information regarding the quality of potential mates. Asymmetry measures made on a variety of paired characters, whether considered alone or in combination, were generally unrelated to the nutritional status (i.e., body condition) of individual males. Similarly, we found no differences in asymmetry levels exhibited by males infected and those uninfected with avian hematozoa. Composite (i.e., multicharacter) asymmetry was related to infestation by two broad classes of ectoparasites (hematophagous mites and ischnoceran lice), but these relationships were weak and opposite to those expected under the male quality hypothesis. Direct assessment of male viability based on annual return to the breeding grounds generally did not support the prediction that symmetrical males have higher survival prospects, nor was symmetry predictive of male nest defense, the primary form of paternal care in our study population. Collectively, these results are inconsistent with the proposal that symmetry reflects high mate quality, which in turn suggests that, in red-winged blackbirds, the potential for female choice based on this aspect of morphology is probably weak or nonexistent.10aAgelaius10aasymmetry10adevelopmental10afinches10afluctuating10aHirundo10amating10ameasurement10amovement10aornaments10asexual10astability10asuccess10aswallow10azebra1 aDufour, K., W.1 aWeatherhead, P., J. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/bilateral-symmetry-indicator-male-quality-red-winged-blackbirds-associations-measures-health02563nas a2200313 4500008004100000245006900041210006800110260000900178300001400187490000600201520171100207653001401918653000901932653000901941653001401950653001601964653001201980653000901992653001202001653001402013653001402027653001102041653001202052100002602064700001802090700001802108700001802126856010502144 1995 eng d00aPhenotypic quality and molt in the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica0 aPhenotypic quality and molt in the barn swallow Hirundo rustica c1995 a242 - 2490 v63 aPhenotypic quality may determine the development and expression of secondary sexual characters. We studied the relationship between molt and several measures of phenotypic quality in the sexually size- dimorphic barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in its winter quarters in Namibia. Males were in a more advanced stage of molt than females and juveniles, and the speed of molt as determined from the residual of the regression of the size of the gap in wings caused by missing and growing feathers on wing molt score (residual wing raggedness) was also higher in males than in females and juveniles. Male barn swallows with long and symmetric tail feathers had a more advanced stage of molt and molted at a higher speed than males with short and asymmetric tails. Long-tailed females had a delayed molt, and females with asymmetric tails had less advanced molt and lower rates of feather growth than females with symmetric tails. Molt of secondaries in juveniles also appeared to be less advanced if they had long tails. Adult barn swallows molted their tail feathers in an irregular sequence with the longest, outermost tail feather usually replaced before the second or the third outermost feathers. Good body condition was positively associated with a high molt score for some feather tracts and a rapid wing molt in adult females and tail molt in juveniles. Mallophaga were only weakly negatively associated with primary and secondary molt score in adult females and speed of wing molt in adult males. In conclusion, phenotypic quality of adult male barn swallows as reflected by the expression of their secondary sexual character during the previous molt reliably reflected stage and speed of current molt.10aasymmetry10abarn10abody10acharacter10afluctuating10aHirundo10amolt10arustica10asecondary10aselection10asexual10aswallow1 aMøller, Anders, Pape1 aMagnhagen, C.1 aUlfstrand, A.1 aUlfstrand, S. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/phenotypic-quality-and-molt-barn-swallow-hirundo-rustica02185nas a2200289 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260000900201300001400210490000700224520141100231653001101642653001601653653001401669653001701683653001301700653001201713653000901725653001301734653001201747653001201759653001001771653001301781100001401794700001501808856007201823 1995 eng d00aLouse loads of pied flycatchers - effects of hosts sex, age, condition and relatedness0 aLouse loads of pied flycatchers effects of hosts sex age conditi c1995 a203 - 2080 v263 aThis study documents patterns of variation in abundance and prevalence of Docophorulus capillatus (Insecta: Ischnocera, Philopteridae) on the crown feathers of Pied Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca in relation to host sex, age, survival, physical condition, expression of secondary sexual traits and genetic relatedness. Louse populations were relatively stable over a S-year period, with low prevalences in the range 15-30%. Pair mates had similar louse loads, indicating the possible role of direct contact between birds as an agent of louse dispersal. Females were consistently more heavily and frequently infested than males at almost all ages. Louse prevalence and abundance tended to decrease or oscillate with advancing age, with a major peak late in life which was much more marked in females; no surviving birds older than five years had lice on their crown. Although bird condition in a given year seemed not to be affected by louse infestations, there were decreases in individual condition between years which were linked to increases in louse infestations in females. Individual birds of both sexes had similar louse loads in successive years. Within-family resemblance in louse loads was only detected between mothers and daughters and, to a lesser extent, between females and their male offspring. We discuss different hypotheses to account for intersexual differences in parasite infestation.10abright10acoloniality10adispersal10aectoparasite10aFicedula10aHirundo10amate10aparasite10aplumage10arustica10aSpain10aswallows1 aPotti, J.1 aMerino, S. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2900.pdf02231nas a2200289 4500008004100000245006400041210006300105260000900168300001400177490000800191520146800199653001401667653001001681653000901691653001201700653001201712653001501724653000901739653001301748653001401761653001101775653001301786100002301799700002701822700001901849856007301868 1995 eng d00aEctoparasites reduce long-term survival of their avian host0 aEctoparasites reduce longterm survival of their avian host c1995 a313 - 3190 v2623 aFew field studies have evaluated whether ectoparasites affect the long-term survival of their adult host, although many studies have examined the impact of parasites on the host's offspring. In the colonially nesting cliff swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota), we manipulated ectoparasite load (of cimicid bugs, fleas, and chewing lice) by fumigating adults and comparing annual survivorship of fumigated birds and non-fumigated control birds captured at the same time. Mark-recapture experiments over an 8-year period revealed that non-fumigated birds had an annual survivorship about 12% less than chat of fumigated birds, on average, but the effects did not vary with colony size. Based on the difference in survivorship between fumigated and non-fumigated birds, we estimated that parasitized individuals had an annual survivorship of 0.38, compared with 0.57 for non-parasitized birds. The parasite-caused reduction in survivorship was the equivalent of the host losing up to one year of lifetime reproductive success. Ectoparasites did not preferentially infest hosts of lower quality, suggesting that all birds in the population were at potential risk of suffering parasitism and the resulting reductions in survivorship. Our results show that obligate ectoparasites such as fleas and lice impose a substantial long- term cost to their hosts and suggest that future studies of ectoparasitism should consider the parasites' effect on annual survival of adult hosts.10aAmblycera10acliff10acost10aecology10afitness10aIschnocera10amate10aparasite10aselection10asexual10aswallows1 aBrown, Charles, R.1 aBrown, Mary, Bomberger1 aRannala, Bruce uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38515.pdf01549nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260000900199300001400208490000700222520097700229653001801206653001101224100001301235700001801248856011301266 1995 eng d00aContribution to the knowledge of the Ornithomyini of Israel (Diptera, Hippoboscidae)0 aContribution to the knowledge of the Ornithomyini of Israel Dipt c1995 a109 - 1240 v413 aA survey of the bird-parasitizing louse flies (Ornithomyini) in Israel was carried out between 1990 and 1993. Specimens belonging to 13 species were examined. Seven species were previously known from Israel (Icosta ardeae (Macquart), I. meda (Maa), I. minor (Bigot), Ornithoica turdi Olivier, Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth), Ornithophila metallica (Schiner), and Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart)), and six species are recorded as new to the Israeli fauna (Crataerina pallida Olivier, from swifts (Apus apus); Icosta zumpti Maa, from a buzzard (Buteo buteo); Ornithomya avicular ia L., from a blackbird (Turdus merula); Ornithomya biloba Dufour, from swallows (Hirundo rustica) and sand martins (Riparia riparia); Orithomya gigantea n. sp. (described here), from a blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla); and Ornithophila gestroi Rondani, from lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni)). Louse flies were found on 26 species of birds, 24 of which constitute new host records for Israel.10aHippoboscidae10aSurvey1 aBear, A.1 aFreidberg, A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/contribution-knowledge-ornithomyini-israel-diptera-hippoboscidae02248nas a2200193 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138260000900207300001600216490000700232520164300239653001801882653001501900653000901915653001401924100001401938700002601952856007601978 1994 eng d00aSecondary sexual characters, parasites and testosterone in the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica0 aSecondary sexual characters parasites and testosterone in the ba c1994 a1325 - 13330 v483 aThe immune-competence hypothesis predicts that the expression of secondary sex traits should be positively related to testosterone levels, but that androgens should simultaneously have negative effects on the immune defence system. Relatively high levels of circulating androgens should therefore result in elevated levels of parasite infections. Parasite load and testosterone levels will be uncorrelated, or even negatively correlated, however, if males with high testosterone levels and large secondary sexual characters are reliable advertisers of genetic resistance to parasites. In male barn swallows, testosterone concentrations peaked during the pre-laying period. Males that had high levels of testosterone (adjusted for the stage of the breeding cycle) at one stage of the breeding cycle also had relatively high levels at other stages. The length of the outermost tail feathers, which are secondary sexual characters currently involved in sexual selection, was positively related to adjusted circulating levels of testosterone, even when potentially confounding variables were controlled statistically. The prevalence (proportion of hosts infected) and intensity (number of parasites per host individual) of ecto-parasites (two species of Mallophaga, one species of Acari) infecting barn swallows were unrelated to adjusted testosterone concentrations. Intensities of ecto-parasite infections were negatively related to tail length of male barn swallows, and unmated males had higher intensities of infections than mated males. These results are consistent with the immune-competence version of the handicap principle.
10ahematophagous10ahypothesis10amite10aselection1 aSaino, N.1 aMøller, Anders, Pape uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S000334728471369801647nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260000900199300001200208490000800220520114300228100002001371856012201391 1993 eng d00aUse and importance of feathers as nest lining in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)0 aUse and importance of feathers as nest lining in tree swallows T c1993 a29 - 360 v1103 aTree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) commonly line their grass nests with feathers of other species. In one of three years studied, there was a significant negative correlation between numbers of feathers in the nest and chick nestling periods (i.e. broods surrounded by more feathers fledged earlier). In the third year of the study, the population was divided into two groups, balanced for all measurable aspects of parental quality. In the ''removal'' group, all feathers were removed daily and in the ''control'' group all feathers were allowed to remain. All nests and their contents were disturbed equally. Chicks in removal nests had lower growth rates (in mass, wing chord and tarsus) and higher infestations of mites and lice. I suggest that feathers aid chicks directly by preventing hypothermia and indirectly through higher growth rates by allowing earlier fledging when necessary. Protection from ectoparasites may be an important advantage in natural nests where nest cavities are not cleaned out annually. Inadvertent removal of feathers from nest boxes may be an important cause of posthatching declines in feather numbers.1 aWinkler, D., W. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/use-and-importance-feathers-nest-lining-tree-swallows-tachycineta-bicolor00604nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010600041210007200147260000900219300001400228490000700242100002900249700002700278700003200305700002500337856008400362 1981 eng d00aEstudio biométrico y morfológico de las especies de malófagos encontradas sobre Hirundo rustica L.0 aEstudio biométrico y morfológico de las especies de malófagos en c1981 a397 - 4070 v411 aBenítez, D., C. Guevara1 aSoler-Cruz, María, D.1 aBenítez-Rodríguez, Rocío1 aIbáñez, Alcántara uhttp://bibliotecavirtual.ranf.com/i18n/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.cmd?path=100062702127nas a2200373 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260000900231300001400240490000700254520113300261653001401394653000901408653001301417653000901430653001301439653001601452653001601468653001301484653001701497653001001514653001201524653002501536653001301561653001001574653000901584653001501593653001801608653001601626653000901642653001201651100001701663856007301680 1992 eng d00aEctoparasitism as a possible cost of sociallife - a comparative analysis using Australian Passerines (Passeriformes)0 aEctoparasitism as a possible cost of sociallife a comparative an c1992 a429 - 4410 v923 aThe hypothesis that cooperative breeding entails a cost in terms of transmission of ectoparasites was tested by a comparative analysis among sympatric Australian passerines. The general trend found using the allometry method and outgroup analysis indicates that, contagious ectoparasites are not more common on cooperatively breeding than on non-cooperatively breeding hosts. Body weight, migratory patterns and relative abundance of hosts are factors far more important than cooperative breeding that affect the levels of ectoparasitism in the host genera studied. Ectoparasitism increases with host body weight and relative abundance, while sedentary host genera tended to show less hippoboscid fly diversity than migratory host genera. There is an interaction between breeding system and migratory pattern when relative density of contagious ectoparasites (i.e. mites, ticks and bird lice) is considered: the number of contagious ectoparasites per host is larger on cooperatively breeding host genera than on non-cooperatively breeding host genera among sedentary passerines, but the trend is reversed for migrant passerines.10aAustralia10abarn10aBehavior10abird10abreeding10acoloniality10acooperative10adynamics10aectoparasite10agroup10aHirundo10amanorina melanophrys10amaterial10aminer10anest10aparasitism10aPasseriformes10apopulations10asize10aswallow1 aPoiani, Aldo uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38398.pdf01738nas a2200181 4500008004100000245006100041210005900102260000900161300001100170490000700181520120800188653000901396653000801405100002601413700002401439700002001463856007301483 1999 eng d00aA preliminary study on Mallophaga in South African birds0 apreliminary study on Mallophaga in South African birds c1999 a9 - 210 v683 aCiconiphilus decimfasciatus minor (Piag.) from Bubulcus ibis is recognized a valid subspecies. Pseudocolopocephalum doriabagla Ansari from Oriental Bubulcus ibis coromandus is regarded now as a junior synonym (syn. n.) of C. d. minor (Piag.). Austromenopon aegialitidis (Durr.) is recorded for the first time from the Afrotropical Region and from Stephanibyx coronatus. Actornithophilus hoplopteri (Mjöb.) and Cypseloecus excisus are recorded for the first time from Anitibyx armatus and Hirundo spilodera, respectively. An unknown louse of the subfamily Brueeliinae was collected from Spreo bicolor. Occurrence of the following lice species in the Afrotropical Region has been confirmed: Dennyus conarxi Bütt. from Tachymarptis melba, Colimenopon sp. from Urocolius indicus, Plegadiphilus threskiornis Bedl. from Threskiornis aethiopicus, Actornithophilus crinitus Clay from Stephanibyx coronatus, Saemundssonia africana Timm. from S. coronatus, Quadraceps kilimandjarensis (Kell.) from S. coronatus, Q. chorleyi Timm. from Antibyx armatus, Q. princeps Timm. from Rhinoptils aftricanus hartingi and Oedicnemiceps sp. from Burhinus capensis. Biometric data of parasites are presented.
10amtax10aPHP1 aZłotorzycka, Jadwiga1 aModrzejewska, Maria1 aKopij, Grzegorz uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/37852.pdf00630nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014800041210006900189260000900258300001400267490000800281100001700289700001500306700001700321856014600338 1994 eng d00aA study of a population of the house martin (Delichon urbica (L.)) feather louse Brüelia gracilis (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) in Lincolnshire, UK0 astudy of a population of the house martin Delichon urbica L feat c1994 a198 - 2040 v1131 aClark, Frank1 aFarrel, J.1 aHill, L., A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/study-population-house-martin-delichon-urbica-l-feather-louse-br%C3%BCelia-gracilis-mallophaga-is00509nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260000900193300001600202490000700218100001800225700001800243856011400261 1986 eng d00aEctoparasitism as a cost of coloniality in cliff swallows (Hirundo pyrrhonota)0 aEctoparasitism as a cost of coloniality in cliff swallows Hirund c1986 a1206 - 12180 v671 aBrown, C., R.1 aBrown, M., B. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/ectoparasitism-cost-coloniality-cliff-swallows-hirundo-pyrrhonota01831nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260000900181300001100190490000900201520134800210653000901558653000801567100001801575856008001593 1949 eng d00aSpecies of the genus Saemundssonia (Mallophaga) from the Sterninae0 aSpecies of the genus Saemundssonia Mallophaga from the Sterninae c1949 a1 - 250 v14093 aAll the known species of Saemundssonia from the Sterninae are discussed, and two new species are described. The species of previous authors described from more than one host, and therefore usually composite, are restricted to one type host and redescribed and figured.Neotypes have been erected for species of which the original type material is presumed to be lost and where material from the type host is available. LIST OF SPECIES DISCUSSED, WITH TYPE HOSTS (Synonyms in brackets) Saemundssonia atlantica (Kellogg), 1914 Stercorarius parasiticus (Linne) hopkinsi, new species Sterna aurantia J. E. Grav laticaudata (Rudow), 1869 Thalasseus s. sandvicensis &(Latham) [brevicornis (Giebel), 1874 Thalasseus s. acuflavidus (Cabot)] lobaticeps (Giebel), 1874 Chlidonias n. nigra (Linne) [pustuliferus (Picaglia) , 1885 Chlidonias nigra surinamensis (Gmelin) ] [laricola (Giebel), 1874 Chlidonias h. hybrida (Pallas) ] lockleyi, new species. Sterna vitata georgiae Reichenow melanocephalus (Burmeister), 1838. Sterna a. albifrons Pallas . peristica (Kellogg and Kuwana),1902Sterna fuscata crissalis (Lawrrence) snyderi (Kellogg and Paine), 1910. . Sterna lunata Peale stemae (Linne), 1758 Sterna h. hirundo Linne [fornicatus (Olfers), 1816 Sterna h. hirundo Linne] [5-maculatus (Piaget), 2885 (Chelidon u. urbica (Linne) ]. In error
10amtax10aPHP1 aClay, Theresa uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/37348.pdf00541nas a2200133 4500008004100000245015200041210006900193260000900262300001400271490000600285520001800291100002600309856007200335 1955 eng d00aMallophagan parasites from Indian birds. Part IV. Species belonging to the genera Philopterus, Capraiella and Pectinopygus (Superfamily Ischnocera)0 aMallophagan parasites from Indian birds Part IV Species belongin c1955 a417 - 4330 v53 aPHP;
1 aTandan, Bhup, Kishore uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0579.pdf00531nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260000900208300001400217490000600231653000900237653001300246653000800259100002700267856007900294 1896 eng d00aNew Mallophaga, II, from land birds; together with an account of the Mallophagous mouth-parts0 aNew Mallophaga II from land birds together with an account of th c1896 a431 - 5480 v610amtax10aMyrsidea10aPHP1 aKellogg, Vernon, Lyman uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0474.pdf00613nas a2200217 4500008004100000245005700041210005600098260000900154300001400163490000600177653001400183653001500197653001300212653001500225653000900240653001300249653000800262653001200270100003400282856007900316 1903 eng d00aMallophaga from birds of Costa Rica, Central America0 aMallophaga from birds of Costa Rica Central America c1903 a123 - 1970 v310aAmblycera10aCosta Rica10agen.nov.10aIschnocera10amtax10aMyrsidea10aPHP10asp.nov.1 aCarriker, Melbourne Armstrong uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0467.pdf00519nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260000900212300001400221490000800235653000900243653000800252100003400260856007900294 1954 eng d00aStudies in neotropical Mallophaga, XI: bird lice of the suborder Amblycera, genus Dennyus Neumann0 aStudies in neotropical Mallophaga XI bird lice of the suborder A c1954 a533 - 5490 v10310amtax10aPHP1 aCarriker, Melbourne Armstrong uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0332.pdf