04152nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245016600055210006900221300001000290490000700300520348800307653001703795653001203812653003103824653001803855100002403873856007303897 2023 eng d a0719-785300aUTILIZATION OF ANIMALS FROM CANADIAN WILDLIFE REHABILITATION HOSPITALS TO STUDY THE TAXONOMY AND ECOLOGY OF PARASITIC LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA) AND OTHER ECTOPARASITES0 aUTILIZATION OF ANIMALS FROM CANADIAN WILDLIFE REHABILITATION HOS a51-620 v293 a

Spanish title: Uso de animales tratados en centros canadienses de rehabilitación de fauna silvestre para estudiar la taxonomía y ecología de piojos parásitos (Phthiraptera) y otros ectoparásitos

RESUMEN. – Examino las ventajas y desventajas de usar animales procedentes de hospitales canadienses de rehabilitación para estudiar la ecología y parasitología de ectoparásitos. Un estudio en Manitoba, Canadá, incluyó animales recuperados entre 1993 y 2023 mediante la colaboración con hospitales de rehabilitación (> 12 400 hospedadores). Gracias a esto accedí a una considerable diversidad de aves y mamíferos (296 especies). La muestra de muchas especies era grande y los individuos procedían de una amplia zona geográfica. Ya que recuperé animales eutanizados o que murieron en cuidados médicos, no debí sacrificar animales para muestrar rigurosamente ectoparásitos. Dado que la disponibilidad de animales fue variable, solo pude muestrear pequeños números (n ≤ 10) de muchas especies, y no tuve control sobre dónde o cuándo surgieron las muestras. Hay que considerar el sesgo causado por los animales jóvenes y los que estuvieron enfermos o heridos un tiempo desconocido. Aunque la mayoría de los hospedadores tuvieron datos completos de su procedencia, hubo algunos con datos incompletos. El personal del hospital tuvo cuidados para evitar la contaminación cruzada de ectoparásitos y el contagio con patógenos infecciosos cuando había muchas especies. En conclusión, los hospitales de rehabilitación de fauna silvestre son un recurso valioso para estudiar ectoparásitos.
PALABRAS CLAVES: biodiversidad, ecología, interacciones huésped-parásito, parasitología

ABSTRACT. – I aim to examine the advantages and disadvantages of sourcing wildlife from Canadian rehabilitation hospitals to study ectoparasite ecology and parasitology. A survey conducted in Manitoba, Canada, has relied heavily on salvaged wildlife (> 12 400 hosts) through collaboration with wildlife hospitals from 1993 to 2023. The advantages of this approach included access to a considerable bird and mammal diversity (296 species). Sample sizes for many species were large, and individuals came from a wide geographic area. I salvaged animals euthanized because of casualties or which died in care. Thus, I did not have to sacrifice animals for rigorous ectoparasite sampling. Because animals became available opportunistically, it was only possible for me to sample small numbers (n ≤ 10) of many species, and I had no control over where or when samples arose. It is necessary to consider biases from juvenile animals and, in some cases, from animals sick or injured for an unknown time. Although most hosts had comprehensive data on provenance, persons occasionally submitted animals with missing data. Hospital staff always exercised care to avoid cross-contamination of ectoparasites where many species arrived and avoid potentially infectious pathogens. In conclusion, wildlife rehabilitation hospitals are a valuable resource for ectoparasite research

Publisher's website: https://aveschile.cl/revista-rco/

10abiodiversity10aecology10ahost-parasite interactions10aparasitology.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://aveschile.cl/revista-chilena-de-ornitologia-vol-29-n-2-2023/00994nas a2200193 4500008004100000020001100041245013800052210006900190300000700259490000700266520034000273100001900613700002200632700002400654700002000678700002200698700001700720856006300737 2022 eng d a0315-200aThe effects of body condition score and colour morph of rock pigeons (Columba livia) on chewing louse infestations in Manitoba0 aeffects of body condition score and colour morph of rock pigeons a250 v783 a

Taxonomy and infestation parameters of chewing lice have been well documented in Manitoba. The objectives of this research were to determine if there were relationships between body condition score or colour morph of rock pigeons (Columba livia) and the prevalence or mean intensity of their chewing louse infestations. xxxxxx

1 aKrul, Mireille1 aDupuis, Madeleine1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aRochon, Kateryn1 aJones, Kelsey, L.1 aGibbs, Jason uhttps://entsocmb.ca/pdf/Proceedings/ESMproceedings_V78.pdf02646nas a2200157 4500008004100000022002500041245015800066210006900224260001300293300001000306490000800316520185800324100002602182700002402208856025602232 2022 eng d a0008-347X, 1918-324000aSpatial distribution of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) infesting Canada geese and mallards (Aves: Anatidae), in Manitoba, Canada0 aSpatial distribution of chewing lice Phthiraptera Menoponidae Ph cAug-2022 a11 pp0 v1543 a

Canada geese, Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae), and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus (Anseriformes: Anatidae), are infested by several species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae). We examined the spatial distribution of lice upon these hosts. Hosts were dissected into five body regions: head and neck, wings, back, underside, and tail. Canada geese (n = 20) were infested with six species of lice. Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus) (n = 423) and Anatoecus spp. (n = 510) were restricted to the wings and head, respectively, whereas Ornithobius goniopleurus Denny (n = 1919) and Ciconiphilus pectiniventris (Harrison) (n = 757) were spread over multiple body regions. Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius) (n = 2) was present in insufficient numbers to reach conclusions about its distribution. Mallards (n = 8) were infested with four species of lice. Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli) (n = 121) and Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli) (n = 244) were restricted to the wings and head, respectively. Holomenopon maxbeieri Eichler (n = 52) infested multiple body regions, and Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus) (n = 27) were found mainly on the wings. Chewing lice infesting mallards and Canada geese partition their hosts in accordance with their own morphological and ecological requirements.

1 aGrossi, Alexandra, A.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/spatial-distribution-of-chewing-lice-phthiraptera-menoponidae-philopteridae-infesting-canada-geese-and-mallards-aves-anatidae-in-manitoba-canada/C80350D8EC921F6918233E3534940D6E01977nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001100041245021200052210006900264260007600333300001000409490000700419520127800426653004001704100002401744856005101768 2020 eng d a0315-200aLice (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae), fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, Ceratophyllidae) and ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) infesting American badger, Taxidea taxus (Mammalia: Mustelidae), in Manitoba, Canada0 aLice Phthiraptera Trichodectidae fleas Siphonaptera Pulicidae Ce aWinnipeg, Manitoba, CanadabEntomological Society of ManitobacNov-2021 a27-360 v763 a

One juvenile and nine adult American badgers, Taxidea taxus (Schreber), from Manitoba were examined for ectoparasites by whole body washing or visual inspection. Five of seven adults washed from the Shoal Lake area were infested with one species of chewing louse,
Neotrichodectes interruptofasciatus (Kellogg and Ferris) (mean intensity – 539); females were significantly more abundant than males. The ratio of nymphs to females was 2.5. The washed juvenile badger was infested with 6384 specimens of N. interruptofasciatus, but males (n=286) and females (n=287) were almost equal in number, and the ratio of nymphs to females was 20.3. Adult badgers were infested with five species of fleas: Pulex irritans Linnaeus, Oropsylla rupestris (Jordan), O. bruneri (Baker), O. tuberculata (Baker), and O. arctomys (Baker). All seven adult badgers from the Shoal Lake area were infested with adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say). Mean intensity was 63.4, with a total of 258 males and 186 females.

Front cover of the proceedings with the Female chewing louse (Neotrichodectes interruptofasciatus) from an American badger [Photo
credit: Terry Galloway & Jillian Detwiler] is also attached. See file 95534 front_cover.pdf

10aNeotrichodectes interruptofasciatus1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/9553402916nas a2200193 4500008004100000022002500041245016100066210006900227260001300296300001400309490000800323520201800331653002402349653002302373100002402396700002102420700002202441856025902463 2021 eng d a0008-347X, 1918-324000aInfestation parameters for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) parasitising true thrushes (Aves: Passeriformes: Turdidae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aInfestation parameters for chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera I cJul-2021 a538–5550 v1533 a

Seven species of Turdidae (Aves: Passeriformes) in Manitoba, Canada were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera) in 1993–2019: Turdus migratorius (N = 570), Catharus ustulatus (N = 135), Catharus guttatus (N = 49), Catharus minimus (N = 12), Catharus fuscescens (N = 1), Sialia sialis (N = 4), and Sialia currucoides (N = 3). Five species of lice on T. migratorius had a prevalence of 24.0% and a mean intensity of 16.7. Overall prevalence for lice on C. ustulatus, C. guttatus, and C. minimus was 25.0%–59.2%; mean intensity was 7.0–23.3. On S. sialis, the prevalence was 50.0%; mean intensity was 10.0. No lice infested C. fuscescens or S. currucoides. Infestation parameters for each louse–host combination are provided. Louse infestations were highly aggregated. Female lice were more prevalent than males, especially for Ricinus elongatus (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Ricinidae) infesting T. migratorius (eight males; 81 females), or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. Infestation parameters were higher for adult T. migratorius than for juveniles or feathered chicks but not significantly so. Mean intensity was greater in spring than in fall. Louse abundance was lower than on hosts of similar size in Manitoba and lower than on thrushes in other studies.

10aCatharus fuscescens10aSialia currucoides1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J.1 aRempel, Zoe, D.L. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/infestation-parameters-for-chewing-lice-phthiraptera-amblycera-ischnocera-parasitising-true-thrushes-aves-passeriformes-turdidae-in-manitoba-canada/F031FDCFAD6EA02C91D77B0AD31D2BFA01500nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245020400055210006900259260001200328300001400340490000800354520084100362653002201203100002401225856009301249 2021 eng d a0008-347X00aAlcedoffula alcyonae Carriker (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) infesting belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Aves: Coraciiformes, Alcedinidae), in Manitoba, Canada0 aiAlcedoffula alcyonaei Carriker Phthiraptera Ischnocera Philopte c06-2021 a279 - 2840 v1533 a

Forty-one belted kingfishers, Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Aves: Coraciiformes: Alcedinidae), from Manitoba, Canada were examined for ectoparasites in 1995–2020. One species of chewing louse, Alcedoffula alcyonae Carriker (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae), infested 48.8% of hosts. The mean intensity of infestation was 17.1, and mean abundance was 8.5 lice per bird. Distribution of infestation was highly aggregated. Although female lice outnumbered males, the sex ratio was not significantly different from 1.0. The ratio of nymphs to females was 2.6. An unidentified species of feather mite of the genus Proterothrix Gaud (Acari: Astigmatina: Proctophyllodidae) infested three of 35 hosts (8.6%). No mites were found in the quills of primary feathers from 19 birds, and no nasal mites were collected from 32.

10aMegaceryle alcyon1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000772/type/journal_article01127nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169300001400238490000900252520057300261653002100834100002300855700002400878856006700902 2021 eng d a1175-532600aMenopon picicola: a new junior synonym of Menacanthus pici (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Menoponidae)0 aiMenopon picicolai a new junior synonym of iMenacanthus picii In a148 - 1500 v49153 a

Packard (1873) described Menopon picicola as a new species, based on ten lice taken from two species of woodpeckers of the genus Picoides—P. arcticus (Swainson, 1832) and P. dorsalis Baird, 1858—collected in Wyoming, U.S.A. in August 1872. Considering that (1) Packard (1873) neither designated a holotype nor a single type host, (2) his type material is most likely lost, and (3) no additional lice from either of those two species of Picoides have been reported in the literature, the taxonomic status of Menopon picicola has not been confirmed.

10aMenopon picicola1 aPalma, Ricardo, L.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4915.1.1101902nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007800055210006900133260001200202300001400214490000700228520120000235653001401435653001801449653001401467653001501481653001601496653001401512100002401526700002101550856010101571 2021 eng d a0066-417000aPopulation Dynamics of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera) Infesting Birds (Aves)0 aPopulation Dynamics of Chewing Lice Phthiraptera Infesting Birds c01-2021 a209 - 2240 v663 a

In the past 25 years, studies on interactions between chewing lice and their bird hosts have increased notably. This body of work reveals that sampling of live avian hosts, collection of the lice, and the aggregated distributions of louse infestations pose challenges for assessing louse populations. The number of lice on a bird varies among host taxa, often with host size and social system. Host preening behavior limits louse abundance, depending on bill shape. The small communities of lice (typically one–four species) that live on individual birds show species-specific patterns of abundance, with consistently common and rare species, and lower year-to-year population variability than other groups of insects. Most species of lice appear to breed continuously on their hosts, with seasonal patterns of abundance sometimes related to host reproduction and molting. Competition may have led to spatial partitioning of the host by louse species, but seldom contributes to current patterns of abundance.

Full article can be obtained from publisher webpage http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/C3E9XIVSXYZQ5CACDEHW/full/10.1146/annurev-ento-041420-075608

 

10aabundance10aectoparasites10aintensity10aPrevalence10aseasonality10astability1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttp://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/C3E9XIVSXYZQ5CACDEHW/full/10.1146/annurev-ento-041420-07560800914nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260001200275300001400287490000800301520026600309100002700575700002500602700002400627856009300651 2020 eng d a0008-347X00aDescription of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)—CORRIGENDUM0 aDescription of the postembryonic stages of iMulcticola macroceph c12-2020 a830 - 8310 v1523 a

This is the correction for publication: Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)

Original publication see, http://phthiraptera.info/node/95135

1 aKuabara, Kamila, M. D.1 aValim, Michel, Paiva1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000668/type/journal_article01424nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192260001200261300001200273490000800285520079200293100002701085700002501112700002401137856009301161 2020 eng d a0008-347X00aDescription of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)0 aDescription of the postembryonic stages of iMulcticola macroceph c12-2022 a723-7330 v1523 a

The nymphs I, II, III, and adult male and adult female stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae), a monoxenous species of chewing louse infesting common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), in North America, are described. Line drawings of whole nymphs and adults are presented, as are details of anterior dorsal head plates, metasternal plates, female subvulvar plates, and male genitalia. Ontogenetic characters exhibited during the postembryonic development of this species of chewing louse are described and discussed in relation to previous information in the literature.

Please note a correction has been issue for this article. See http://phthiraptera.info/node/95213

 

1 aKuabara, Kamila, M. D.1 aValim, Michel, Paiva1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000541/type/journal_article02193nas a2200301 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260001200218300000900230490000600239520126200245653001701507653001701524653001201541653001801553100002401571700002101595700002201616700002801638700002301666700002701689700002501716700002501741700002401766700002501790700002301815856005301838 2019 eng d00aExtensive host-switching of avian feather lice following the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event0 aExtensive hostswitching of avian feather lice following the Cret c11-2019 a6 pp0 v23 a

Nearly all lineages of birds host parasitic feather lice. Based on recent phylogenomic studies, the three major lineages of modern birds diverged from each other before the Cretaceous- Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event. In contrast, studies of the phylogeny of feather lice on birds, indicate that these parasites diversified largely after this event. However, these studies were unable to reconstruct the ancestral avian host lineage for feather lice. Here we use genome sequences of a broad diversity of lice to reconstruct a phylogeny based on 1,075 genes. By comparing this louse evolutionary tree to the avian host tree, we show that feather lice began diversifying on the common ancestor of waterfowl and landfowl, then radiated onto other avian lineages by extensive host-switching. Dating analyses and cophylogenetic comparisons revealed that two of three lineages of birds that diverged before the K-Pg boundary acquired their feather lice after this event via host-switching.

Data availability

Data generated during this study are available through the Illinois Databank (https://doi.org/10.13012/B2IDB-0440388_V1)39. Raw read sequences are available in the NCBI SRA database (Supplementary Table 3).

10aFeather lice10aGalloanserae10aNeoaves10aPalaeognathae1 ade_Moya, Robert, S.1 aAllen, Julie, M.1 aSweet, Andrew, D.1 aWalden, Kimberly, K. O.1 aPalma, Ricardo, L.1 aSmith, Vincent, Stuart1 aCameron, Stephen, L.1 aValim, Michel, Paiva1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aWeckstein, Jason, D.1 aJohnson, Kevin, P. uhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-019-0689-702103nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245018500055210006900240260001200309300001000321520144900331100002801780700002401808700002001832856009301852 2020 eng d a0008-347X00aInfestation parameters of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on bald eagles, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae), in Manitoba, Canada0 aInfestation parameters of chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera an c12-2019 a1 - 93 a

Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus); Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) from 92 locations in Manitoba were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from 1992 to 2017. Bald eagles were salvaged from rehabilitation hospitals and were examined using two methods, dry-ruffling (n = 107) and washing (n = 40). We collected 39 066 bald eagle lice of four genera and six species: Colpocephalum flavescens (De Haan), C. napiforme (Rudow), C. turbinatum (Denny) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (total for all Colpocephalum species = 18 082), Craspedorrhynchus halieti (Osborn) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 49), Degeeriella discocephalus (Burmeister) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 20 912), and Kurodaia fulvofasciata (Piaget) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (n = 23). Quantitative data were collected on all genera with the comparison of washed to dry-ruffled. Colpocephalum flavescens and D. discocephalus dominated the louse populations, with similar prevalence and mean intensity. Both genera had sex ratios near 1.0, and similar nymph-to-female ratios near 3:1. The dry-ruffling method was relatively inefficient, collecting 11% as many lice as the washing method. Total prevalence for dry-ruffled birds was 63%; total mean intensity was 103.5, but for washed birds, the prevalence was 93% with a mean intensity of 861.1. No Laemobothrion vulturis (Fabricius) (Phthiraptera: Laemobothriidae) were found.

1 aLavallée, Christie, D.1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aRochon, Kateryn uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000671/type/journal_article01956nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245013000055210006900185260001200254300001100266520139500277100002101672700002401693856009301717 2020 eng d a0008-347X00aStability of chewing louse (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) populations infesting great horned owls (Aves: Strigidae)0 aStability of chewing louse Phthiraptera Amblycera and Ischnocera c12-2019 a1 - 103 a

The annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded on great horned owls (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin), Aves: Strigidae) from 1994 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada. Kurodaia magna Emerson (Amblycera: Menoponidae) had a mean annual abundance about half that for Strigiphilus oculatus (Rudow) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Mean intensity, rather than prevalence, explained the variation in annual abundance. Temporal variation (measured as population variability) in abundance and mean intensity were high and similar (0.62–0.67), but lower for nymph to female ratio (0.36–0.38). Temporal variation of prevalence and sex ratio were higher for K. magna (0.34–0.35) than for S. oculatus (0.21–0.22), and typical for other louse species. The high temporal variability for abundance and mean intensity suggest lower year-to-year stability than exhibited by other chewing lice, but over 80% of this variability was due to sampling error resulting from small sample sizes in some years and extreme intensities in the aggregated distributions of intensity. The remaining variation, < 20%, revealed no significant differences in annual abundance or mean intensity among years, and therefore stable populations over 22 years. Populations of 12 species of chewing lice show lower temporal variability and therefore greater stability than three other insect taxa.

1 aLamb, Robert, J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000695/type/journal_article01953nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260001200284300001400296490000800310520133900318100002101657700002401678856009301702 2019 eng d a0008-347X00aHost body size and the abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting eight owl species (Aves: Strigiformes) in Manitoba, Canada0 aHost body size and the abundance of chewing lice Phthiraptera Am c10-2019 a621 - 6280 v1513 a

Specimens (n = 508) of eight species of owl (Aves: Strigiformes) collected from 1994 to 2017 in Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera). The relationship between host body mass and infestation by 12 species of lice was examined. Host body mass explained 52% (P = 0.03) of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts, due primarily to a high abundance of lice on the heaviest owl species. The relationship was due to the mean intensity of lice, and neither species richness nor the prevalence of lice was related to host body mass. For individual louse species, the relationship was due primarily to Kurodaia acadicae Price and Beer, Kurodaia magna Emerson, and an undetermined species of Kurodaia Uchida (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (R2 = 0.997), but not the nine Strigiphilus Mjöberg (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) species (R2 = 0.27). Louse intensity did not increase with body size for individual birds of any of the owl species. Mean intensity is expected to increase in proportion with the size, specifically the surface area, of the host. Why that relationship holds only for one louse genus, and not for the most abundant genus of lice on owls, and weakly compared with other families of birds, has yet to be determined.

 

1 aLamb, Robert, J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000439/type/journal_article02716nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245014600055210006900201260001400270300001400284490000800298520208200306653002002388100002402408700002102432856009302453 2019 eng d a0008-347X00aInfestation parameters for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting owls (Aves: Strigidae, Tytonidae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aInfestation parameters for chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera I cJuly-2019 a608 - 6200 v1513 a

Eleven of the 12 species of owls (Aves: Strigidae, Tytonidae) known to occur in Manitoba, Canada, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from 1976 to 2015: barn owl (Tyto alba (Scopoli); Aves: Tytonidae) (n = 2), snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 77), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 262), great grey owl (Strix nebulosa Förster; Aves: Strigidae) (n = 142), barred owl (Strix varia Barton; Aves: Strigidae) (n = 10), northern hawk owl (Surnia ulula (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 18), short-eared owl (Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 74), long-eared owl (Asio otus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 67), eastern screech owl (Megascops aslo (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 59), boreal owl (Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 47), and northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus (Gmelin); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 44), a total of 802 owls. No lice were found infesting barn owl (Tyto alba (Scopoli); Aves: Tytonidae) or eastern screech owl (Megascops asio (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae). We collected a total of 113 810 lice of 12 species: Kurodaia Uchida (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) – three species; and Strigiphilus Mjöberg (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) – nine species. Overall prevalence of infestation ranged from 10.0% to 88.9%. Mean intensity for total lice ranged from 22.4 to 506.5. Infestation parameters for each louse–host combination are provided; prevalence and mean intensity were not related for louse–host species combinations. Distribution of louse infestations was highly aggregated. In all louse–host combinations but one, either females were more prevalent than males or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. Male Strigiphilus ceblebrachys Denny significantly outnumbered females in snowy owls. There was a tendency for louse species to co-occur on the same host specimen. Where sample sizes for owls were large enough, no seasonal patterns in abundance of lice were detected.

10aBubo scandiacus1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000427/type/journal_article01684nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001800041245008000059210006900139260004300208300001400251520105700265100001601322700001801338700002401356856014601380 2018 eng d a978111894557500aBiodiversity of Ectoparasites: Lice (Phthiraptera) and Fleas (Siphonaptera)0 aBiodiversity of Ectoparasites Lice Phthiraptera and Fleas Siphon aChichester, UKbJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd a457 - 4823 a

This chapter addresses the two insect orders in which all known species are ectoparasites. The sucking and chewing lice (Phthiraptera) are hemimetabolous insects that spend their entire lives on the bodies of their hosts. Fleas (Siphonaptera), on the other hand, are holometabolous. The diversity of these ectoparasites is limited by the diversity of the birds and mammals available as hosts. Determining the community diversity of lice and fleas is essential to understanding ecological structure and interactions, yet offers a number of challenges to the ectoparasitologist. The chapter explores medical and veterinary importance of lice and fleas. They are more likely to be considered detrimental parasites, perhaps even a threat to conservation efforts by their very presence or by the disease agents they transmit. Perez‐Osorio emphasized the importance of a more objective approach to conservation strategies by abandoning overemphasis on charismatic fauna and setting priorities in ecological management of wider biodiversity issues.

1 aFoottit, R.1 aAdler, P., H.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/326048699_Biodiversity_of_Ectoparasites_Lice_Phthiraptera_and_Fleas_Siphonaptera_Science_and_Society01279nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245002700055210002700082300001400109490000800123520085100131653002800982653002001010653000901030100002401039856004601063 2019 eng d a1313-298900aPhthiraptera of Canada0 aPhthiraptera of Canada a301 - 3100 v8193 a

There are approximately 463 species of parasitic lice recorded in Canada, in three suborders: Amblycera, six families; Ischnocera, two families; Anoplura, eight families. At least an additional 361 species may eventually be recorded based on presence of suitable hosts and proximity to known distributions. Approximately 41 species are introduced non-native species. Only about 54% of the expected chewing louse fauna has been recorded, and considerable collecting effort is needed, especially for lice infesting passerine birds, shorebirds, and seabirds. The sucking louse fauna is well known, with approximately 88% of the expected fauna recorded. Investigations into ecology of lice and the nature of relationships with their hosts are badly needed. Barcode Index Numbers are available for only 13 species of parasitic lice in Canada.

10abiodiversity assessment10aBiota of Canada10alice1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/2616001408nas a2200121 4500008004100000245021900041210006900260300001200329490000700341520084600348100002401194856006801218 2018 eng d00aBook Review: Palma, R.L. 2017. Phthiraptera (Insecta). A catalogue of parasitic lice from New Zealand. Lincoln, New Zealand, Landcare Research. Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa. Number 760 aBook Review Palma RL 2017 iPhthiraptera Insecta A catalogue of p a68 - 700 v523 a

Abstract

The day Ricardo Palma began working together with Prof. Robert (Bob) Pilgrim in 1974 was an auspicious one for the taxonomy of lice of New Zealand. Ricardo accepted the position of curator at Te Papa Tongarewa two years later and, at about the time Bob retired in 1983, they divided their attentions, with Bob assuming primary responsibility for fleas and Ricardo taking on lice. They continued to collaborate on several taxonomic revisions  and published a list of the lice infesting birds in New Zealand, but it was clear from this latter work that in the land of birds, there was a great deal still to do. The present catalogue, which includes 424 species and subspecies of lice in 101 genera, is the culmination of over 40 years of intensive study of this important group of ectoparasites.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://publications.ento.org.nz/index.php/weta/article/view/18002078nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245016500055210006900220260001600289300001400305490000800319520136600327100002101693700002401714856018201738 2018 eng d a0008-347X00aAbundance and stability of populations of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting two species of woodpeckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)0 aAbundance and stability of populations of chewing lice Phthirapt cJan-04-2018 a180 - 1890 v1503 a

The annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded from 1996 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada, on two species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae). Yellow-bellied sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus)) were infested with Menacanthus pici (Denny) (Amblycera: Menoponidae) and Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae); northern flickers (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus)) were also infested with M. pici, as well as two other Ischnocera, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) and Picicola porisma Dalgleish. The mean annual abundance varied from nine to 51 lice per bird for the four species, with prevalence, mean intensity, sex ratio, and nymphs per female also varying among louse species. Menacanthus pici populations on both hosts were unstable: abundance rose over two decades because of increasing prevalence, whereas the abundance of the other three louse species fluctuated around a mean. Population variability was similar for the lice on both hosts, with the metric, PV, ranging from 0.41 to 0.51 on a 0–1 scale, once the effect of the trend in abundance for M. pici had been removed. Although the population dynamics for species of lice on these two woodpeckers were distinct, inter-specific differences in population stability were less pronounced than observed in the few other species of bird lice studied in this way.

1 aLamb, Robert, J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000621/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X1700062102150nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245014900055210006900204260001600273300001400289490000800303520145900311100001601770700002401786856018201810 2017 eng d a0008-347X00aMyialges trinotoni (Acariformes: Epidermoptidae), a hyperparasitic mite infesting Trinoton querquedulae (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on waterfowl0 aMyialges trinotoni Acariformes Epidermoptidae a hyperparasitic m cJan-08-2017 a434 - 4430 v1493 a

Mites of the family Epidermoptidae (Acariformes) are permanent parasites dwelling on or in the skin of birds. Myialges Trouessart species are epidermoptids that have a hyperparasitic relationship with chewing lice (Phthiraptera) or louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). During 1993–2016 in Manitoba, Canada, 668 ducks (20 species), geese (five species), and swans (two species) were examined for lice. A total of 157 males, 191 females, and 539 nymphs of the menoponid louse Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) were collected, of which 25 adult lice from three hosts (Mergus merganser Linnaeus, Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus), Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus; Aves: Anatidae) were infested with 38 female Myialges trinotoni (Cooreman). Overall prevalence and intensity of M. trinotoni was low, and mites showed no statistically significant preference between male and female lice. Myialges trinotoni is recorded from Canada (Manitoba) and United States of America (Alaska) for the first time, and two novel avian host species records (Lophodytes cucullatus and Anas platyrhynchos) are reported. The male of M. trinotoni (loose in bird washing) is illustrated and described. The barcode region of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified from M. trinoton and compared with that of Myialges caulotoon Speiser, the only congeneric species for which COI is available, and interspecific divergence was high (25%).

1 aKnee, Wayne1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000165/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X1700016502398nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245016900055210006900224260001600293300001400309490000800323520157300331653001701904653001301921653001501934653001601949100002401965700002101989856018202010 2017 eng d a0008-347X00aAbundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) increases with the body size of their host woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)0 aAbundance of chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera and Ischnocera  cJan-08-2017 a473 - 4810 v1493 a

Specimens of five species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) from Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice, 1998–2015: downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n=49), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n=23), pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n = 10), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n = 170), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n = 239). The relationship between body mass of each host species and infestation by seven species of lice was analysed: Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all host species, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from Picoides Lacépède species, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from the other four hosts, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flicker, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from Picoides species, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Mean abundance of lice increased with the mean mass of their host. Neither the species richness of lice nor the prevalence of lice were related to host body mass. Host body mass explained 98% of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts. The positive association of mean intensity and body size was also detected for three genera of lice. Louse intensity also increased with body size for individual birds, more so for some species of lice and hosts than others. Body size matters, but the adaptations that allow higher mean intensity on larger host species remain to be determined.

10aChewing lice10aManitoba10asapsuckers10awoodpeckers1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000189/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X1700018902301nas a2200109 4500008004100000024000700041245015000048210006900198520184900267100002402116856005102140 2016 eng d a7200aLousy old coots: chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting American coot, Fulica americana (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in Manitoba0 aLousy old coots chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera Ischnocera i3 a

Forty-five American coots, Fulica americana Gmelin, were examined for chewing lice during 1995 – 2016. Five species of lice were collected: Pseudomenopon pilosum (Scopoli), Laemobothrion atrum (Nitzsch) (Amblycera: Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae, respectively), Fulicoffula longipila (Kellogg), Incidifrons transpositus (Kellogg) and Rallicola advenus (Kellogg) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Prevalence of infestation (95% confidence interval, Sterne’s exact method) by at least one species of louse was 97.8% (88.17–99.88), while infestation by individual species, from greatest to least prevalence, was R. advenus (97.8%, 88.17–99.88), P. pilosum (93.3%, 81.46–98.15), F. longipila (84.4%, 71.26–92.54), I. transpositus (73.3%, 58.90–84.79) and L. atrum (17.8%, 8.33–32.04). Overall mean intensity (95% bootstrap confidence limits, 200 replicates) of infestation by chewing lice was 604.7 (484.30–770.59), while mean infestation for each species of louse, greatest to least, was P. pilosum (281.7, 206.88–407.17), R. advenus (275.7, 220.91–342.43), F. longipila (39.6, 30.89–49.71), I. transpositus (33.0, 23.21–59.58) and L. atrum (5.9, 0.38–14.13). A total of 26,605 lice were collected during this study. Generally speaking, female lice most often outnumber males, and this was the case for I. transpositus (χ2=6.1, p≤0.01) and L. atrum (χ2=5.8, p≤0.02). There were no significant differences in sex ratio for F. longipila (χ2=1.1, p≤0.30) and R. advenus (χ2=0.8, p≤0.39). Male P. pilosum significantly outnumbered females (χ2=98.0, p≤0.0001). Ratios of nymphs to females for each species, from highest to lowest: I. transpositus (5.1), P. pilosum (4.8), R. advenus (3.4), F. longipila (3.2) and L. atrum (1.6).

1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/9426802124nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245014300055210006900198260001600267300001400283490000800297520155100305100002401856700002101880856006501901 2016 eng d a0008-347X00aChewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aChewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera and Ischnocera infesting woo cJan-10-2016 a520 - 5310 v1483 a

Five species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera): downy woodpecker (DOWO) (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n = 56), hairy woodpecker (HAWO) (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n = 32), pileated woodpecker (PIWO) (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n = 12), northern flicker (NOFL) (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n = 223), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (YBSA) (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n = 192). Seven species of lice were collected (total number = 40 613): Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all species of woodpeckers, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from both species of Picoides Lacépède, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from all species of woodpeckers examined except northern flickers, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flickers, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from both species of Picoides, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Prevalence for total louse infestation ranged from 32.3% to 85.7% (NOFL > YBSA > PIWO > DOWO > HAWO). Mean intensity for total lice ranged from 29.2 to 232.4 (PIWO>NOFL>HAWO>YBSA>DOWO). Infestation parameters for each louse/host combination are provided. Distribution of louse infestations was highly aggregated. In all louse/host combinations, either females were more prevalent than males or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. There was a tendency for louse species to co-occur on the same host specimen.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1500089902033nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245017700055210006900232260001600301300001400317490000800331520142600339100002101765700002401786856006501810 2016 eng d a0008-347X00aSeasonal population dynamics of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting three species of woodpeckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aSeasonal population dynamics of chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblyc cJan-12-2016 a683 - 6920 v1483 a

Three species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera): the resident downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n = 55), and two migrants, yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n = 316) and northern flicker (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n = 225). Six species were collected: Menacanthus pici (Denny) (Amblycera: Menoponidae) from all hosts, and five species of Ischnocera (Philopteridae): Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from downy woodpeckers and sapsuckers, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) and Brueelia straminea (Denny) from downy woodpeckers, and Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) and Picicola porisma Dalgleish from flickers. Adults and nymphs were present on downy woodpeckers all year, and on migrant sapsuckers and flickers from when they arrived until they left, suggesting lice reproduce continuously on their hosts. Prevalence and mean intensities of louse infestations generally decreased from their respective springtime levels to their lowest values during or at the end of the breeding season of their hosts, and then increased in various degrees during the fall. No seasonal pattern in louse sex ratios was observed except on northern flickers, where male to female ratios for two of three species were lowest during the breeding season. Resident and migrant hosts had similar seasonal patterns of infestation by lice.

1 aLamb, Robert, J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1600027400295nas a2200097 4500008004100000245003700041210003600078300000800114100002400122856005100146 1995 eng d00aChewing lice on Manitoba's birds0 aChewing lice on Manitobas birds a3-61 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/9424300318nas a2200097 4500008004100000245004800041210004800089300000800137100002400145856005100169 2001 eng d00aEctoparasites on Manitoba birds and mammals0 aEctoparasites on Manitoba birds and mammals a1-51 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/9424200279nas a2200097 4500008004100000245002800041210002600069250001100095100002400106856005100130 2011 eng d00aIt’s a wonderful lice0 aIt s a wonderful lice aSpring1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/9424100301nas a2200097 4500008004100000245004000041210003600081250001100117100002400128856005100152 2013 eng d00aThe most amazing louse in the world0 amost amazing louse in the world aSummer1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/9424000392nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006500041210006300106250001100169300000900180100002400189856006900213 2015 eng d00aMystery-louse infests ruby-throated hummingbirds in Manitoba0 aMysterylouse infests rubythroated hummingbirds in Manitoba aSummer a9-101 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94239.pdf02140nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245022400055210006900279260001600348300001400364490000800378520144700386100002501833700002301858700002401881856006501905 2016 eng d a0008-347X00aSeasonal changes in the infestation parameters of the sucking louse, Linognathoides laeviusculus (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae), infesting Richardson’s ground squirrel (Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aSeasonal changes in the infestation parameters of the sucking lo cJan-04-2016 a143 - 1500 v1483 a

Linognathoides laeviusculus (Grube) (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae) is a louse found on holarctic ground squirrels but little is known about how the life history, physiology, and hibernation of the host influence its population dynamics. Two hundred and fourteen Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii (Sabine); Rodentia: Sciuridae) were trapped over the summer of 2010, and the age, sex, and mass of all euthanised squirrels were recorded. Squirrels were hand-washed to remove lice, which were then identified to species, stage of development, and sex. Linognathoides laeviusculus was the only louse collected. In total, 5057 lice were collected with 63.6% of the squirrels infested at a mean intensity of 37.2 (90% confidence interval = 29.98–48.66). Two peaks in prevalence of L. laeviusculus infestations occurred (April and mid-June), and one peak in intensity (June). Juvenile squirrels had higher prevalence and mean intensity when compared to adults. Adult male squirrels had higher mean intensity compared to adult females. Adult lice comprised most of the population infesting emerging adult squirrels in the spring but nymphs predominated for most of the active season of the host. Infestations were highly aggregated with k = 0.203 and index of discrepancy D = 0.813. The seasonal dynamics of L. laeviusculus appear to be strongly correlated with the annual cycle of the squirrel host.

1 aYunik, Matthew, E.M.1 aWaterman, Jane, M.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1500049801862nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260001600283300001400299490000800313520127300321100002401594700002101618856006501639 2015 eng d a0008-347X00aSeasonal population dynamics of four species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae)0 aSeasonal population dynamics of four species of chewing lice Pht cJan-12-2015 a712 - 7220 v1473 a

Seasonal dynamics of louse (Phthiraptera) populations on feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) were investigated from 2003 to 2012 in southern Manitoba, Canada. Pigeons were infested with: Philopteridae – Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus), and Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro; Menoponidae – Hohorstiella lata (Piaget). We consider the hypothesis that four species living on the same host show similar seasonal dynamics, coordinated by the life history of the host. Adults of both sexes and nymphs of all four species were present on pigeons throughout the year, consistent with continuous feeding and reproduction. Campanulotes compar and C. columbae populations were low in spring and peaked in September, with C. columbae showing greater seasonal changes for all population parameters. Coloceras tovornikae showed two annual peaks in abundance in spring and late summer, and H. lata was most abundant in the cold months of the year. Over 10 years, the four species showed distinct seasonal dynamics, although they live on the same birds. Seasonal patterns provided no evidence that louse reproduction or abundance is coordinated by the long breeding and moulting seasons of the host.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1400084402006nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245021200055210006900267260001600336300001400352490000800366520136400374100002401738700002101762856006501783 2015 eng d a0008-347X00aAbundance and stability of populations of a chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), on common nighthawks, Chordeiles minor (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aAbundance and stability of populations of a chewing louse Mulcti cJan-12-2015 a723 - 7310 v1473 a

Populations of the chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), were investigated on its host the common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Aves: Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), from 1992 to 2013 in southern Manitoba, Canada. The louse was present in all but one year with an annual prevalence of 0.52, mean intensity of 16 lice per infested bird, a ratio of 0.81 males and 1.89 nymphs to female (n = 178). Intensity was the same in the first 11 and last nine years of the study, but prevalence dropped from 0.59 to 0.34 between the two decades. Population variability for annual abundance, measured as PV, was 0.49. In August, adults and newly fledged nighthawks had a prevalence of infestation similar to the adults that immigrated in the spring, but mean intensity did not reach spring levels until September–October. Samples of hosts were small in some years, reducing the precision of parameter estimates, particularly those based on ratios. The population parameters for M. macrocephalus on a native migrant host were intermediate in the ranges of parameters for four species of lice on non-migratory, introduced feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae), but the distributions of M. macrocephalus among nighthawks was less severely aggregated than those from pigeons.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1400085602080nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245018100055210006900236260001600305300001400321490000800335520142300343100002601766700002901792700002401821856006501845 2014 eng d a0008-347X00aAnatoecus species (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Anseriformes in North America and taxonomic status of Anatoecus dentatus and Anatoecus icterodes0 aemAnatoecusem species Phthiraptera Philopteridae from Anseriform cJan-12-2014 a598 - 6080 v1463 a

Anatoecus Cummings (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) is a genus of chewing lice with four species infesting Anseriformes in North America: Anatoecus cygni (Denny), Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli), Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch), and Anatoecus penicillatus Kéler. Males of A. dentatus and A. icterodes are distinguishable by their genitalia; however, there are no known anatomical characteristics to distinguish females. Anatoecus dentatus and A. icterodes are recorded from at least 55 of the same host species worldwide. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I was examined from the four Anatoecus species, specifically to examine the taxonomic status of A. dentatus and A. icterodes. When sequences from these species were analysed using neighbour joining analysis, A. dentatus and A. icterodes were recovered in a well-supported cluster. However, A. dentatus and A. icterodes were mixed within the same cluster. The average interspecific genetic distance of A. dentatus and A. icterodes (0.04%) was almost the same as the average intraspecific genetic distances of A. dentatus and A. icterodes 0.02% and 0.05%, respectively. Therefore, we formally synonymise A. dentatus and A. icterodes as Anatoecus dentatus (new synonymy). In addition two new hosts for A. penicillatus were recorded: Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae) and Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae).

1 aGrossi, Alexandra, A.1 aSharanowski, Barbara, J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1400012100664nas a2200193 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260001200231300001200243490000700255653001800262653002300280653001600303100002000319700002400339700002400363700002400387856005900411 2014 eng d00aEctoparasites of nestling European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) from a nest box colony in Nova Scotia, Canada0 aEctoparasites of nestling European starlings iSturnus vulgarisi  c09/2014 a19 - 220 v1010aectoparasites10aEuropean starlings10aNova Scotia1 aFairn, Evan, R.1 aHornsby, Mark, A.W.1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aBarber, Colleen, A. uhttp://www.acadianes.org/journal/papers/fairn_13-1.pdf02098nas a2200193 4500008004100000020002200041245017500063210006900238260003200307300001400339490000600353520136900359100002401728700002501752700002001777700001901797700001901816856006901835 2014 eng d a978-0-9689321-6-200aChewing Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) and Feather Mites (Acari: Astigmatina: Analgoidea, Pterolichoidea): Ectosymbionts of Grassland Birds in Canada0 aChewing Lice Insecta Phthiraptera Amblycera Ischnocera and Feath bBiological Survey of Canada a139 - 1880 v33 a

The diversity of bird species nesting in Canadian grasslands is high, and each of them is host to one
or more species of lice and mites. A checklist of feather lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) and feather mites (Acari: Analgoidea, Pterolichoidea) from 160 species of birds that nest in terrestrial and aquatic habitats in the grassland biome in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba is provided here. The list includes known and expected records. In total, four families, 54 genera, and 183 named species and subspecies of chewing lice are known to occur on these hosts in the Prairie Provinces. At least an additional 63 species are expected to be found eventually, on the basis of records from these hosts elsewhere in North America. Twenty-seven species in six genera have been collected from hosts with no prior louse records; many of these species are undescribed. For feather mites, 20 families, 73 genera, 134 named species, and 38 undescribed species are known to occur, and an additional 13 genera and 39 species are expected to be found eventually on these hosts in Canadian grasslands. Many populations and species of grassland-breeding birds are endangered in North America, and it
is clear that should they be lost, many species of lice and mites would disappear with them.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aProctor, Heather, C.1 aMironov, Sergey1 aCárcamo, H.A.1 aGiberson, D.J. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68826.pdf02223nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245017800055210006900233260001600302300001400318490000800332520161500340100002401955700002101979856006502000 2014 eng d a0008-347X00aAbundance and stability are species traits for four chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons, Columba livia (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae)0 aAbundance and stability are species traits for four chewing lice cJan-08-2014 a444 - 4560 v1463 a

Population parameters of ectoparasites on feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae), were estimated from 1995–2012 in southern Manitoba, Canada. The ectoparasites are chewing lice (Phthiraptera): Philopteridae – Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus), and Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro; Menoponidae – Hohorstiella lata (Piaget). We tested the hypotheses that both abundance and population stability are species-specific traits. Over 10 years, the four species of lice had distinct population dynamics. Campanulotes compar and C. columbae were more abundant than C. tovornikae and H. lata, had higher male to female sex ratios and higher ratios of nymphs to females, different levels of aggregation, and more stable populations. Campanulotes compar was more prevalent than C. columbae and its prevalence was more stable, and the two species also showed differences in the levels and stabilities of male and nymph to female ratios. Coloceras tovornikae had a higher prevalence and male to female sex ratio than H. lata, but the two species showed similar levels of stability for these parameters. The level of stability of these populations was relatively high com- pared with many other organisms, and in particular higher than for plant ectoparasites (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Although the four species occupy similar habitats, often on the same bird, and three of the four feed in a similar way, the population biology of each species is distinct. The life history traits that lead to these differences have yet to be determined.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1300086200437nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260003400182300000700216100002400223700001700247856005100264 2006 eng d00aNotes and comments on the Phthiraptera. In: Faunal Analysis Project0 aNotes and comments on the Phthiraptera In Faunal Analysis Projec bFaunal Analysis Projectc2006 a321 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aSkidmore, R. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/6171201832nas a2200145 4500008004100000245021200041210006900253260000900322300001400331490000800345520121700353100002401570700002301594856006901617 2008 eng d00aSerendipity with chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) infesting rock pigeons and mourning doves (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) in Manitoba, with new records for North America and Canada0 aSerendipity with chewing lice Phthiraptera Menoponidae Philopter c2008 a208 - 2180 v1403 aAn extensive survey of chewing lice from rock pigeon, Columba livia Gmelin, and mourning dove, Zenaida macroura (L.), carried out from 1994 to 2000 and from 2003 to 2006 in Manitoba, Canada, produced the following new records: Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro for North America; Columbicola macrourae (Wilson), Hohorstiella lata (Piaget), H. paladinella Hill and Tuff, and Physconelloides zenaidurae (McGregor) for Canada; and Bonomiella columbae Emerson, Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola baculoides (Paine), and C. columbae (L.) for Manitoba. We collected 25,418 lice of four species (C. compar, C. columbae, H. lata, and C. tovornikae) from 322 rock pigeons. The overall prevalence of infestation was 78.9%, 52.5%, and 23.3% for C. compar, C. columbae, and H. lata, respectively. Coloceras tovornikae was not discovered until 2003, after which its prevalence was 39.9% on 114 pigeons. We collected 1116 lice of five species (P. zenaidurae, C. baculoides, C. macrourae, H. paladinella, and B. columbae) from 117 mourning doves. Physconelloides zenaidurae was encountered most often (prevalence was 36.7%), while the prevalence of the other four species was 26.3%, 18.4%, 3.5%,and 2.6%, respectively. 1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aPalma, Ricardo, L. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/48186.pdf01473nas a2200133 4500008004100000245019300041210006900234260000900303300001100312490001500323520090400338100002401242856007301266 2007 eng d00aEctoparasites (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae; Acari: Ixodidae) of Common Nighthawk, Chordeiles minor, and Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), in Manitoba0 aEctoparasites Phthiraptera Philopteridae Acari Ixodidae of Commo c2007 a5 - 110 v137 (2006)3 a

Samples of 103 salvaged Common Nighthawks (Chordeiles minor (Forster)) and seven Whip–poor–wills (Caprimulgus vociferous Wilson) were examined for ectoparasites in Manitoba during 1992-2004. Two nighthawks were infested with the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard), and 64 (62.1%) with the chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg), at a mean intensity of 13.5. Louse infestation fits a negative binomial distribution (k=0.299; mean/variance ratio=18.5); females outnumbered males in the total sample, males:females=0.66. Prevalence of infestation was lower in adult birds examined during May and June (37.5%; n=16) than in mixed–age birds examined from 31 July to December (64.7%; n=85), though mean intensity was similar (17.7 versus 13.6, respectively). Two of seven Whip–poor–wills were infested with an undescribed Mulcticola sp.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46917.pdf01473nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011800041210006900159260000900228300001400237490000700251520089800258653001101156100002201167700001701189700002401206856007301230 2006 eng d00aEctoparasites of northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae) from the Canadian Arctic0 aEctoparasites of northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis Procellarii c2006 a353 - 3570 v293 a

We studied the prevalence and intensity of infestation of ectoparasites on northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis L.) from a breeding colony in Arctic Canada in June–August 2003. No fleas or ticks were found on any fulmars, but three species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) were recorded: Ischnocera: Perineus nigrolimbatus (Giebel 1874), Ischnocera: Saemundssonia occidentalis (Kellogg 1896), and Amblycera: Ancistrona vagelli (Fabricius 1787). Non-breeding birds had a higher prevalence of lice than breeding birds, and prevalence varied markedly among louse species. Our study is an important baseline for the occurrence of ectoparasites on northern fulmars in the high Arctic, a region undergoing extensive environmental change due to global warming, and an area where parasites are expected to extend ranges or increase in prevalence under changing annual temperature regimes.

10aSurvey1 aMallory, Mark, L.1 aForbes, Mark1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46164.pdf00460nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260000900214300001200223490000700235100002400242856007200266 2005 eng d00aEctoparasites from native and introduced birds from Christchurch and surrounding areas, New Zealand0 aEctoparasites from native and introduced birds from Christchurch c2005 a13 - 200 v161 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/9075.pdf00573nas a2200133 4500008004100000245020000041210006900241260000900310300000700319490000700326653001000333100002400343856007200367 2003 eng d00a"NYAH! What's up Doc?" Why is the sucking louse, Haematodipsus setoni (Anoplura: Polyplacidae), an ectoparasite of eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae), in Mmanitoba?0 aNYAH Whats up Doc Why is the sucking louse Haematodipsus setoni  c2003 a260 v5910afauna1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/8865.pdf00473nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160260000900229490000700238653001000245100002400255856007200279 2004 eng d00aSpecies packing in lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Mallophaga) infesting the sora, Porzana carolina (Aves: Rallidae)?0 aSpecies packing in lice Insecta Phthiraptera Mallophaga infestin c20040 v6010afauna1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/8866.pdf01525nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147260000900216300001000225490000700235520102200242100002401264700001801288856007301306 1990 eng d00aArthropod ectoparasites of vertebrates in Canada. A brief prepared by the Biological Survey of Canada0 aArthropod ectoparasites of vertebrates in Canada A brief prepare c1990 a11 pp0 v233 a

Arthropod ectoparasites are a diverse element of the Canadian fauna, and frequently impinge upon the performance and well-being of man, domestic animals, and wildlife. The fauna is not well known, with only about 17% of the expected species recorded. The mites and chewing lice in particular need study. There is considerable potential for investigation of the ecological, physiological and systematic relationships of the ectoparasites and their hosts. Unfortunately, there has been no coordinated research effort, and much of the research has been directed only to economically important species or disease vectors. Consequently we are presented with a rather biased view of faunal relationships.The Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) therefore recommends ways to improve the state of knowledge of Canadian arthropod ectoparasites: additional resources aimed at long-term objectives, increased awareness among a variety of biological disciplines, and fruitful avenues for future research.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aDanks, H., V. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/42857.pdf01236nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260000900209300000700218490000700225520077400232100002401006856007201030 2002 eng d00aLice (Phthiraptera) infesting Manitoba’s provincial bird, the great gray owl, Strix nebulosa0 aLice Phthiraptera infesting Manitoba s provincial bird the great c2002 a330 v583 a

(S10) Terry D. GALLOWAY, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2. Lice (Phthiraptera) infesting Manitoba’s provincial bird, the great gray owl, Strix nebulosa. Sixty-seven (61.5%) of 109 Great Gray Owls salvaged from the Manitoba Wildlife Rehabilitation Organization and from Manitoba Conservation (1994-2002) were infested with Strigiphilus remotus at a mean intensity of 63.3 (1-867) lice per infested bird. Kurodaia magna infested 15 of 109 owls (12.8%) at a mean of 68.5 per infested owl (1-238). Nine birds were infested with both S. remotus and K. magna. The implications of extracting information on the ectoparasite fauna of salvaged birds will be discussed.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/6673.pdf00653nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260000900233300001400242490000700256653000900263653000900272100002200281700002400303856016800327 2001 eng d00aA taxonomic review of the Ceratophyllus Curtis, 1832 of North America (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae: Ceratophyllinae)0 ataxonomic review of the Ceratophyllus Curtis 1832 of North Ameri c2001 a119 - 1610 v2610abird10aflea1 aLewis, Robert, E.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/11545225_A_taxonomic_review_of_the_Ceratophyllus_Curtis_1832_of_North_America_Siphonaptera_Ceratophyllidae_Ceratophyllinae01353nas a2200277 4500008004100000245006300041210006300104260000900167300001400176490000700190520061600197653000900813653001500822653001700837653001000854653001400864653001400878653001300892653001100905653001200916653001100928100002200939700001800961700002400979856007201003 1997 eng d00aRecords of ectoparasites collected on ospreys from Ontario0 aRecords of ectoparasites collected on ospreys from Ontario c1997 a373 - 3760 v333 a

Ectoparasites were collected from ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in four study areas within the Great Lakes basin of Ontario, Canada. Two parasitic mite (Acari) species, Bonnetella fusca and Analloptes sp., were collected from nestlings. One chewing louse (Mallophaga) Kurodaia haliaeeti was collected from nestlings and adults. Prevalence and intensity of K. haliaeeti were greater in the most northern of the four study areas. Bonnetella prevalence and intensity did not seem to vary greatly across the study areas. New range and host records are presented for B. fusca and Analloptes sp., respectively.

10abird10aBonnetella10aectoparasite10afusca10ahabiaeeti10aHaliaetus10aKurodaia10aosprey10aPandion10aSurvey1 aMiller, M., J. R.1 aEwins, P., J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3058.pdf