02496nas a2200253 4500008004100000022002500041245008300066210006900149260001600218300001000234490000700244520177000251653001902021653001802040653001302058653000902071653001502080653001702095653001002112100001702122700001802139700002602157856005902183 2014 eng d a2221-5034, 1683-632400aEctoparasites of Sheep and Goats in North-West Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia0 aEctoparasites of Sheep and Goats in NorthWest Amhara Regional St cJan-09-2014 a55-670 v173 a

A cross-sectional study on ectoparasites of sheep (n=738) and goats (n=492) was conducted in Northwestern Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia from October 2009 to April 2010 to determine the prevalence of major ectoparasites of sheep and goats and the associated risk factors. Out of the clinically examined animals, 331(44.9%) sheep and 214 (43.5%) goats were infested with one or more ectoparasites. Ectoparasites identified in sheep were Damalinia ovis (30.9%), Mellophagus ovinus (10.8%), ticks (3.9%), Linognathus species (3.1%) and flea (1.1%). Among goats, Linognathus species, ticks, flea and demodectic mange were identified with respective prevalence of 27%, 17.7%, 2.6% and 2.2%. Sheep in midland were 3.7 and 2.3 times more at risk for Damalinia ovis infestation than sheep in highland and lowland, respectively and also goats in midland were 1.8 times at risk for Linognathus species than lowland sheep (P < 0.05). Sheep poor in body condition were 1.9 times more at risk for Damalinia ovis than good body condition sheep and goats poor in body condition were 3.5 times more at risk for Linognathus species than good body condition goats (P< 0.05). Age and wool length of sheep were important predictors for the presences of Mellophagus ovinus on highland sheep. The prevalence of Mellophagus ovinus was significantly higher in young and long wool sheep than in adult and short wool sheep (P < 0.05). The observed overall prevalence is generally high which may result in enormous economic losses through decreased production and productivity, damages to the skin and deaths of the animal which requires an immediate attention and professional intervention

10aDamalinia ovis10aectoparasites10aEthiopia10agoat10aPrevalence10arisk factors10asheep1 aAmare, Sisay1 aAsfaw, Yilkal1 aTolossa, Yacob, Hailu uhttps://www.ajol.info/index.php/evj/article/view/9935503239nas a2200241 4500008004100000245014400041210006900185300001200254490000700266520242900273653002402702653001302726653001702739653002602756100002202782700001902804700002102823700002302844700002602867700002402893700001902917856006102936 2022 eng d00aAssociation of pruritus visual analogue scale and risk factors in adolescence pediculosis capitis in two public boarding schools, West Java0 aAssociation of pruritus visual analogue scale and risk factors i a690-6950 v323 a

Background Pediculosis  capitis  is  a  scalp  infestation  by pediculus  humanis  capitiswhich  can  be found all over the worldand most commonly affects children aged 3-12 years. Pruritus is the main symptom  caused  by  sensitization  to  the  saliva  components  injected  by  the  lice  into  the  scalp. Generally, it takes 2 to 6 weeks for pruritus to develop with the first infestation. Atopic conditions may  also  increase  the  severity  of  scalp  pruritus.  In  addition,  similar  complaints  in  family  and roommates are potential ymptoms of pediculosis capitis.

Methods This study aimed to assess the pruritus severity using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and its  association  with  several  risk  factors  that  might  affect  the  pruritus  degree  in  adolescence pediculosis capitis. This is an analytic descriptive study using cross-sectional design in two public boarding schools, West Java, during September 2018-March 2019.

Results We  identified  357  (311  females,  46  males)  students  diagnosed  with  pediculosis  capitis among  a  total  of  713  students.  The  age ranges  of  the  subjects  were11-18  years,  with  an  average 13.8  years  (SD  1.5357).  The  mean  pruritus  VAS  was  3.9  (SD  1.93).  Significant  association  were found  between  pruritus  VAS  and  onset  of  disease  (p=  0.0149),  previous  history  of  similar complaint (p=0.02049), and family history of pediculosis capitis (p=0.02849).

Conclusion In conclusion, the majority of students with pediculosis capitis suffered from moderate pruritus.  Onset  of  disease  was  associated  with  pruritus,  consistent  with  the  pathogenesis  of pediculosis capitis, while the other associated risk factors need further investigation.

10aPediculosis capitis10aPruritus10arisk factors10avisual analogue score1 aRainamira, Arlene1 aParrol, Firman1 aCastiliani, Yari1 aRahmayunita, Githa1 aAziz, Mochamad, Helmi1 aBramono, Kusmarinah1 aWidaty, Sandra uhttps://www.jpad.com.pk/index.php/jpad/article/view/199502550nas a2200241 4500008004100000022002500041245012200066210006900188260001500257300001000272490000700282520174500289653001302034653002402047653002002071653001702091653002602108100003202134700002602166700002402192700003302216856005902249 2022 eng d a2322-2271, 1735-717900aEpidemiological Study of Pediculosis among Primary School Children in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq0 aEpidemiological Study of Pediculosis among Primary School Childr cMarch-2022 a72-830 v163 a

Background: Pediculosis is a common parasitic public health issue. Many socio-demographic and economic factors affect the pattern and prevalence of pediculosis. It is widely spread among pupils, particularly those in elementary schools. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Pediculus capitis infestation and its related risk factors in pri­mary school children in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, overall, 2064 primary school children (aged 5–14 years) during the period from October 2019 to February 2020 were randomly examined for the presence of any stage of Pediculosis capitis in both urban and suburban areas. The schools were selected by multistage sampling methods. A questionnaire was sent to the parents to get consent and fill in for every single pupil. The results were computed using the chi-square test and lo­gistic regression analysis.

Results: The overall prevalence of head lice infestation was (9.16%). The study found a significant association of Pe­diculosis capitis infestation with gender, parents’ education level, mother’s employment, number of siblings, and previ­ous infestation. The older age of children (≥12 years old) and the higher-grade pupils (4th to 6th class) were more infest­ed.

Conclusion: Head lice remain a health problem for school children. It needs collaboration of many sectors for decreas­ing and early detection and treatment in both urban and suburban areas since they have a close rate of infestation.

10aChildren10aPediculosis capitis10aPrimary schools10arisk factors10aSulaimani governorate1 aHama-Karim, Yadgar, Hussein1 aAzize, Pary, Mohammad1 aAli, Salar, Ibrahim1 aEzzaddin, Shahow, Abdulrehma uhttps://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/148402703nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260001600272300001200288490000700300520189100307653004102198653001902239653002402258653001702282100001702299700001802316700001902334700001602353856010402369 2021 eng d a2319-725000aAssessment of impact on quality of life in children attending skin outpatient department with pediculosis capitis: A study in Western Rajasthan0 aAssessment of impact on quality of life in children attending sk cJan-01-2021 a220-2250 v223 a

Background: Pediculosis capitis is an endemic infestation prevalent worldwide and common among primary school girls with low socioeconomic background.

Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the various risk factors associated with pediculosis, Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI), and its correlation with the various risk factors.

Materials and Methods: Sixty-one children of age group of 6–12 years who were clinically diagnosed with pediculosis capitis at our outpatient clinic were included in this study. Demographic details and risk factors along with CDLQI were obtained from the patients on a preformed written pro forma. Statistical Analysis: It was performed on the SPSS software version 22 using the Mann–Whitney U and ANOVA test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Of 61 patients, all were female with a moderate impact on quality-of-life children. Mean CDLQI was 9.8 ± 6.04 and most common affected domain was of symptoms and feelings with a mean of 3.53 ± 1.45. Other domains affected were sleep and treatment-seeking difficulties with a mean of 1.69 ± 1.03 and 1.64 ± 0.81, respectively. Girls of the rural community with longer hairs, poor hygiene, and lower socioeconomic class, i.e., class 5 had a higher impact on their lives as compared to others with a mean CDLQI of 14.83 ± 6.08, 10.36 ± 5.43, 15.06 ± 6.51, and 13.42 ± 6.74, respectively.

Conclusion: Community-based health programs and delousing campaigns are needed to create the awareness among people so that good hygiene practices can act as a primary preventive measure against pediculosis capitis and prevent any deleterious impact on the lives of children.

10aChild Dermatology Life Quality Index10aimpact on life10aPediculosis capitis10arisk factors1 aKumar, Anand1 aMohta, Alpana1 aAgrawal, Aditi1 aMohta, Atul uhttps://journals.lww.com/ijpd/Fulltext/2021/22030/Assessment_of_Impact_on_Quality_of_Life_in.3.aspx02643nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260001600238300001200254490000600266520195500272653001302227653001402240653002402254653001702278100002202295700001902317700002902336856006002365 2021 eng d a2598-058000aRisk Factors For The Event Of Pediculosis Capitis In The Baturaja Orphanage, South Sumatera, Indonesia0 aRisk Factors For The Event Of iPediculosis Capitisi In The Batur cJun-09-2021 a871-8780 v53 a

Introduction. Pediculosis capitis is a disease of the scalp caused by infestation of Pediculus humanus capitis with symptoms such as itching and sensation of movement in the hair. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors and incidence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage.

Methods. This research is an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design with field and laboratory research. The population of this study were all children in the Baturaja orphanage who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as many as 172 children. All children present were taken as subjects. Data obtained by questionnaires, interviews and direct observation of the sample.

Results. The results of this study showed the prevalence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage was 19.1%. In this study, it was found that there was a significant relationship between age (p = 0.000), education (p = 0.000), the use of shared pillows (p = 0.000), the use of shared combs (p = 0.000), the use of shared towels (p = 0.000), knowledge (p = 0.000), attitudes and behavior (p = 0.000) with the incidence of pediculosis capitis. Multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant risk factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage was age (p=0.036), while behavior was a protective factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis.

Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between age, education, use of shared pillows, use of shared combs, use of shared towels, knowledge, attitudes, behavior with the incidence of pediculosis capitis. The most dominant risk factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage is age, while behavior is a protective factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis.

10aBaturaja10aOrphanage10aPediculosis capitis10arisk factors1 aFadhillah, Farhan1 aAnwar, Chairil1 aLiberty, Iche, Andriyani uhttps://www.bioscmed.com/index.php/bsm/article/view/35402471nas a2200229 4500008004100000022002500041245013500066210006900201260001300270300001000283490000700293520172300300653001902023653001802042653002402060653001502084653001702099653001902116100001802135700002802153856006002181 2019 eng d a2221-5034, 1683-632400aPrevalence and risk factors of ectoparasites in small ruminants in and around Haramaya University, eastern Oromia Region, Ethiopia0 aPrevalence and risk factors of ectoparasites in small ruminants  cOct-2019 a78-890 v233 a

Infestation by external parasites causes mortality, decreased productivity and financial loss in the animal exports. A cross sectional study was conducted from November, 2016 to April, 2017 in and around Haramaya University, Eastern Oromia region, Ethiopia to determine the prevalence, host risk factors and identify ectoparasites on small ruminants. Accordingly, a total of 384 small ruminants (190 sheep, and 194 goats) were randomly selected and examined for the presence of  ectoparasites. Then, samples of ectoparasites were collected manually and put in clean universal bottles containing 70% ethanol. The samples were transported to the Haramaya University Veterinary Parasitology laboratory and identified to genus/species level under stereomicroscope. The overall prevalence of ectoparasites was 98% (sheep 55.8% and goats 42.2%), and the major identified ectoparasites were ticks 80 (20.8%), lice 78 (20.3%) and fleas 70 (7.8%). The genus/species of the identified ectoparasites were lice (Damalina ovis, 12.8% and Linognathus stenopsis, 7.5%), fleas (Ctenocephalus, 7.8), ticks (Ambyloma variegatum, 6.8%, Boophilus decoloratus, 9.4%, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, 2.9% and Hyalomma truncatum, 1.8%). Host risk factors such as sex, species, breed, body condition score and physiological status (pregnancy) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the overall prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants. According to this study, there was high prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants of the study area. Therefore, to
minimize this high prevalence of ectoparasites in small ruminants and their impacts, appropriate and strategic control measures are paramount important

10aDamalinia ovis10aectoparasites10aHaramaya University10aPrevalence10arisk factors10asmall Ruminant1 aAbera, Adugna1 aGebrewahd, Tsegay, Tkue uhttps://www.ajol.info/index.php/evj/article/view/19013502144nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260001300243300000900256490000600265520144700271653001801718653000901736653001501745653001701760653001001777653001801787100002201805700001801827856006901845 2018 eng d a2378-931X00aPrevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Ectoparasite of Sheep and Goat in Yeki district in Southwestern Ethiopia0 aPrevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Ectoparasite of Sheep  cOct-2018 a6 pp0 v53 a

Ectoparasitesare a serious pathogens sheep and goat industry that cause a significant negative impact in tanning industry and economic growth in Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was conducted in Yeki district, Southwestern Ethiopia to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Ectoparasites in sheep and goats from December 2016 to December 2017. A total of 500 small ruminants (321 sheep and 179 goats) were randomly selected and examined for the presence of ectoparasites. The prevalence of Ectoparasites in sheep and goats was (76.6%) and (79.9%) respectively. The overall prevalence of ectoparasites was 77.8% (389/500) in the study areas. The infestation of ectoparasites was highest due to tick (37.8%) followed by fleas (34.4%) and lice (31.2%) with mixed infestation (23.8%) being the least in the area. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified sex, age groups and body condition of sheep and goats as risk factors (P<0.05) for ectoparasites in the study area. However, there were no statistically significant differences observed between species and peasant associations in sheep and goats (P> 0.05). The study shows that ectoparasites are one of the constraints to sheep and goats production instudy area. Hence, there is a need to create awareness about impact of parasite on sheep and goats production, and appropriate control methods for ectoparasites should be designed and implemented

10aectoparasites10agoat10aPrevalence10arisk factors10asheep10aYeki district1 aTulu_Robi, Dereje1 aUrge, Beksisa uhttps://www.jscimedcentral.com/VeterinaryMedicine/vol5issue7.php03939nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001600041245010900057210006900166260001200235300001400247490000700261520316200268653001703430653001403447653000903461653001503470653002003485653001703505100001903522700002403541700001803565700001903583856008303602 2020 eng d a2321–735900aHead lice prevalence and associated factors in primary schools in Karun County, Khuzestan Province, Iran0 aHead lice prevalence and associated factors in primary schools i c08-2020 a2280-22900 v243 a

Head lice infection is one of the most common diseases of all ages and has a global spread. The disease is more common in areas with high population density and lack of public health. Population growth and poor health are factors that exacerbate this infestation. It is transmitted through two main mechanisms; direct contact from one host to another, or through objects, of course, ANALYSIS ARTICLE ANALYSIS the main way of transmission is through head-to-head contact. Studies of children around the world show that the prevalence of head lice infection is less than 10%, sometimes as high as 40% or more. According to the World Health Organization, Iran is one of the most infested regions in the world. Due to the fact that the prevalence of pediculosis capitals in primary schools in the county of Karun (southwestern Iran) has not been studied so far and due to the health importance of this disease, the need for this study was felt. For this purpose, a study was conducted to determine the rate of head lice infection in primary school pupils in this county and the factors influencing it in 2017. In this descriptive-analytical study, 751 male and female pupils were examined. Pupils were selected by a stratified cluster random sampling. Using the questionnaire, information about pupils' personal and family characteristics and other related information were completed. The hair on the head, back of the neck, and around the students' ears was examined to find out nits or live lice. Analysis was done by Chi-square l tests using SPSS software, version 18. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. At the time of the study, 217 pupils (28.9%) were infested with head lice. The prevalence of infestation in girls (37.6%) was significantly higher than in boys (20.3%). The rate of nit infestation was 61.3%, and in 38.7% of cases both live lice and nits were found. In this study, 37.2% of pupils reported itching in the head and statistically, there was a significant relationship between Pediculosis capitis and itching in the head. Furthermore, this significant relationship was observed between head lice infestation and each of these factors: gender, pupil grade in all schools, grade in all-girls schools, father's educational level and occupation, family size, connection to piped water, presence of a hygienic bathroom at home, number of showers per week, co-sleeping, awareness of head lice infestation, presence of a health educator at school, infestation in the family, previous history of infestation, access to healthcare services, appearance of pupils with respect to hygiene, use of a shared comb, frequency of combing per day, use of a shared towel or of a shared scarf, type, length, density and color of hair, dandruff and head itching. The relatively high prevalence of head lice among students in Karun County requires inter-population cooperation between the Department of Education and health service centers. It seems necessary to teach health education to students in various fields of health, especially personal hygiene in order to physically fight the spread of this infestation.

10aepidemiology10ahead lice10aIran10aPrevalence10aPrimary schools10arisk factors1 aKassiri, Hamid1 aMehraghaei, Mahmood1 aLotfi, Masoud1 aKasiri, Rozhin uhttp://www.discoveryjournals.org/medicalscience/current_issue/v24/n104/A65.htm03066nas a2200229 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129520229900198653000902497653001302506653001802519653001602537653001502553653001702568100001902585700001702604700001502621700001602636700001402652700001602666856015402682 2014 eng d00aPrevalence of Ectoparasite Infestation in Chicken in and Around Ambo Town, Ethiopia0 aPrevalence of Ectoparasite Infestation in Chicken in and Around 3 a

A cross sectional study was conducted from July to October 2013 to estimate prevalence and identify different species of ectoparasites infesting chicken in semi-intensive and backyard chicken farms in and around Ambo Town, West Shewa, Ethiopia. A total of 390 chickens were randomly selected. Age, sex, breed and management system of the study population was simultaneously recorded. Ectoparasites were collected from different parts of the body including shank scraping and identified with stereomicroscopy or light microscopy. An overall 67.95% (265/390) prevalence was recorded and five species of ectoparasites under three orders (Phthiraptera  (lice),  Siphonaptera(flea) and mite were identified. The prevalence of pediculosis, flea infestation and mange were 52.1%, 44.36% and 34.62%, respectively. Three species of lice (Cuclotogaster heterographa (50%), Menacanthus stramineus (1.28%) and Lipeurus caponis (6.15%)), one species of flea(Echidnophaga gallinacean (44.36%)) and mite(Cnemidocoptes mutans (34.62%)) were identified. Higher prevalence rate was recorded in male (83.89%) than female (58.09%), young (74.45%) than adult (61.79%) and local (87.55%) than exotic (26.4%) breed chicken. There was no infestation of  chicken  with  ectoparasite  in  semi-intensive  farming  system  while  87.46%  (265/303)  of  chickens  kept  under extensive management system were infested. Statistically, there was significance difference between categories of sex (χ2=28.145, p<0.05), age (χ2=8.083, p<0.05), management (χ2=2.37, p<0.05) and breed (χ2=1.458, p<0.05) groups in prevalence of ectoparasite infestation (p<0.05). Male, young and local breed chicken groups were 3.757 (CI=2.265-6.234),  1.883  (CI=1.214-2.921)  and  19.6  (11.427-33.618)  times  more  likely  infested  by  ectoparasite than female, adult and cross breed groups, respectively. In conclusion, infestation of chicken with ectoparasites was important constraint in poultry production sector. Therefore, application of integrated control strategy, good management practices, creation of awareness and further detailed study were recommended.

10aAmbo10achickens10aectoparasites10aInfestation10aPrevalence10arisk factors1 aTamiru, Firaol1 aDagmawit, A.1 aAskale, G.1 aSolomon, S.1 aMorka, D.1 aWaktole, T. uhttps://www.hilarispublisher.com/open-access/prevalence-of-ectoparasite-infestation-in-chicken-in-and-around-ambo-town-ethiopia-2157-7579.1000189.pdf02484nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260001500215300001200230490000700242520180500249653001102054653002102065653001502086653002702101653001702128100003102145856011402176 2018 eng d00aHead Lice among Governmental Primary School Students in Southern Jordan: Prevalence and Risk Factors0 aHead Lice among Governmental Primary School Students in Southern cMarch 2018 a11 - 150 v103 a

Background: Head lice, a common social and health problem among all age groups, is especially widespread among school-aged children. Aims: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among governmental primary school students in Southern Jordan and its related risk factors. Settings and Design: A sample of 500 primary schools students aged 6–12 from two male and two female public primary schools in four educational directorates were selected randomly in this cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a modified questionnaire that was completed by the students with the help of their parents. Students were then asked to return the questionnaire a day ahead of the examination date with a signed consent from the parents. Statistical Analysis: SPSS software was used with Chi-square testing to study the significant relationship between lice infestation prevalence and the independent variables. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results and Conclusion: The overall prevalence of lice infestation was 20.4% and was significantly higher among girls than boys. The prevalence rate was higher among rural residents, those living in shared rooms, families with a monthly income of <200 Jordanian Dinar, illiterate father and mother, those living in families with more than five members, houses with fewer than three rooms, students with longer hair, those with a history of infestation in the previous year, and students who share home articles with other family members. Female gender, low socioeconomic status, a history of contact, inadequate hygiene practices, and sharing articles were the major risk factors.

10aJordan10aLice infestation10aPrevalence10aprimary schoolchildren10arisk factors1 aKhamaiseh, Abdullah, Mousa uhttp://www.jgid.org/article.asp?issn=0974-777X;year=2018;volume=10;issue=1;spage=11;epage=15;aulast=Khamaiseh02558nas a2200241 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158520178900227653001802016653001702034653001402051653003302065653002402098653000902122653001202131653001702143100002202160700001902182700001502201700002402216700002302240856005302263 2013 eng d00aPrevalence and risk factors associated with pediculosis capitis in an impoverished urban community in Lima, Peru0 aPrevalence and risk factors associated with pediculosis capitis 3 a

Background: Pediculosis capitis is a ubiquitous parasitic skin disease associated with intense pruritus of the scalp. In developing countries it frequently affects children and adults, but epidemiological data at the community level are rare. Objectives: To assess prevalence and risk factors associated with pediculosis capitis in a resource-poor community in Lima, Peru. Materials and Methods: In total, 736 persons living in 199 households in a circumscribed neighbourhood were examined for head lice and nits by visual inspection. At the same time, socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Variables associated with pediculosis were identified by performing a bivariate analysis, followed by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 9.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.0-11.2 %) in the general population and 19.9% (CI: 15.4-24.4%) in children ≤15 years of age. Multivariate analysis showed that pediculosis capitis was significantly associated with age ≤ 15 years (OR: 16.85; CI:7.42-38.24), female sex (OR: 2.84; CI: 1.58-5.12), household size of >4 persons (OR: 1.98; CI: 1.11-3.55), low quality of house construction material (OR:2.22; CI: 1.20-4.12), and presence of animals in the household (OR: 1.94; CI: 1.11-3.39). Conclusion: Pediculosis capitis was a very common disease in the studied community in Lima, Peru. Our logistic regression analysis affirms that young age is the most important risk factor for pediculosis capitis. Moreover, female sex, large household size, living in wooden houses and the presence of animals were identified as being significantly associated with head lice infestation.

10aectoparasites10aepidemiology10ahead lice10aLogistic regression analysis10aPediculosis capitis10aPeru10apoverty10arisk factors1 aLesshafft, Hannah1 aBaier, Andreas1 aGuerra, H.1 aTerashima, Angelica1 aFeldmeier, Hermann uhttp://www.jgid.org/text.asp?2013/5/4/138/12199402431nas a2200241 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137300001500206490000700221520165200228653001301880653002401893653001701917100001801934700001801952700002701970700002501997700002402022700002502046700002802071700002902099856006102128 2018 eng d00aPrevalence and Risk Factors of Pediculosis in Primary School Children in South West of Iran0 aPrevalence and Risk Factors of Pediculosis in Primary School Chi a1923 -19290 v473 a

Background: Pediculosis or louse infestation is a public health problem in many developing countries where the WHO`s primary health-care program is inefficient and haphazard. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Pediculus capitis infestation and its related risk factors in the primary school children in Andimeshk, Dezful and Shoosh counties; Khuzestan Province, Iran.
Methods: Overall, 28410 students in the age range of 7-11 years old in primary schools of North of Khuzestan Province, southern Iran were examined individually and privately under the flash light for all life cycle stages of lice or their nits in 2016. A questionnaire was filled for each school child before hair examination; then examination was carried out to detect head lice as well as eggs/nits.
Results: Overall, 2995 students (10.5%) were infested with pediculosis. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of pediculosis among the boys and girls students. The prevalence of infestation was also significantly (P<0.05) higher in students of living in nomad tribes (23.8%) in comparison of rural (12.4%) and urban areas (6.5%). Conclusion: Several risk factors significantly (P<0.05) related to pediculosis included gender of female, nomad habitat, parents education, father's occupation, having health staff, history of infestation and number of comb- ing per day. Increasing awareness and training of teachers and relatives, as well as for improving standards of personal health, can significantly reduce the prevalence of pediculosis.

10aChildren10aPediculosis capitis10arisk factors1 aNejati, Jalil1 aKeyhani, Amir1 aTavakoli_Kareshk, Amir1 aMahmoudvand, Hossein1 aSaghafipour, Abedin1 aKhoraminasab, Maryam1 aTavakoli_Oliaee, Razieh1 aMousavi, Seyed, Mohammad uhttp://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1552104872nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169300000800238490000700246520417800253653001004431653001704441653002204458653001104480653001804491653001704509100002904526700002504555856007404580 2017 eng d a0120-415700aPediculus capitis in schoolchildren of the urban area of Nuevo León, México: Analyses of associated factors0 aPediculus capitis in schoolchildren of the urban area of Nuevo L a3330 v373 a

Introducción. La pediculosis capitis es un problema recurrente que afecta anualmente de 6 a 12 millones de niños; no existen datos epidemiológicos en el estado de Nuevo León, y en México son escasos, por lo cual se necesitan estudios fundamentados para diseñar estrategias de control basadas en los factores que predisponen a la infestación por piojos.
Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de Pediculus capitis en niños de educación primaria para detectar factores de riesgo y conocer las características individuales y las condiciones socioeconómicas asociadas estadísticamente con la infestación.
Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 840 escolares de seis municipios, previa firma del consentimiento informado por parte de los padres y de los niños. Los ectoparásitos se recolectaron en cada niño infestado utilizando un peine fino. Los participantes contestaron una encuesta que incluía variables individuales y socioeconómicas, como la edad, el sexo, el grado escolar, las características del cabello, el hacinamiento y la pediculosis en hermanos, entre otras.
Resultados. La prevalencia de pediculosis capitis en los niños fue de 28 % (235/840), con una mayor prevalencia en las niñas (33,7 %; 140/417); los niños del quinto grado (10 a 11 años) fueron los más afectados (6,2 %; 52/840). El sexo femenino, el cabello largo y el nivel escolar de los padres se asociaron significativamente con la pediculosis capitis.
Conclusiones. Los resultados demostraron que la prevalencia de pediculosis capitis en Nuevo León es una de las más altas de México y que es un problema real de salud pública, por lo cual es importante establecer programas de prevención en la escuela y en el hogar para disminuirla o controlarla con la ayuda de las autoridades de salud pública.
Palabras clave: infestaciones por piojos/epidemiología; niño; factores de riesgo; salud pública; México.

Pediculus capitis in schoolchildren of the urban area of Nuevo León, México: Analyses of associated factors

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis is a recurring problem affecting 6 to 12 millions of children annually; there are no epidemiological data on this subject in the state of Nuevo León, and there are few in México. Therefore, new contributions are needed to design control strategies based on factors that may predispose to head lice infestation.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Pediculus capitis in primary school children and to evaluate risk factors and individual or socioeconomic characteristics statistically associated with infestation.

Materials and methods: We included 840 schoolchildren from six municipalities after parents and children signed an informed consent. Ectoparasites were collected from infested children using a fine- toothed comb. Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire on individual and socioeconomic variables including age, gender, education, hair characteristics, overcrowding, and siblings with pediculosis, among others.
Results: The overall prevalence of head lice in schoolchildren was 28% (235/840), the highest prevalence was among girls (33.7%, 140/417), and children from the fifth grade (10-11 years old) were the most affected (6.2%; 52/840). Female gender, long hair and the father’s education level were significantly associated with P. capitis.

Conclusion: Our results showed that the P. capitis prevalence in Nuevo León is one of the highest in Mexico, that it constitutes a real public health problem, and that there is need to establish prevention programs at home and school to decrease or to control P. capitis with the support of public health authorities.

10achild10aepidemiology10alice infestations10amexico10apublic health10arisk factors1 aMolina_Garza, Zinnia, J.1 aGalaviz_Silva, Lucio uhttp://www.revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/331101505nas a2200433 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260001600220300001600236490000700252520035400259653001200613653001500625653001400640653001400654653001800668653001100686653001300697653001200710653001000722653001200732653001700744653001400761653001200775653001700787653001200804653001200816653001200828100002200840700002300862700002200885700001600907700001900923700002200942700002200964700002200986856006301008 2017 eng d a1080-604000aChanging Demographics and Prevalence of Body Lice among Homeless Persons, Marseille, France0 aChanging Demographics and Prevalence of Body Lice among Homeless cJan-11-2017 a1894 - 18970 v233 a

The prevalence of body lice among 2,288 sheltered home- less persons in the city of Marseille during 2000–2017 was 12.2% and significantly decreased over time. We report a positive association between body lice infestations and older age, duration of stays in France for migrants, frequent consumption of alcohol, and tobacco smoking.

10aalcohol10aalcoholism10abody lice10adelousing10aectoparasites10aFrance10ahomeless10ahygiene10alouse10amigrant10aNorth Africa10aparasites10apoverty10arisk factors10ashelter10asmoking10aTobacco1 aLy, Tran, Duc Anh1 aTouré, Youssoupha1 aCalloix, Clément1 aBadiaga, S.1 aRaoult, Didier1 aTissot-Dupont, H.1 aBrouqui, Philippe1 aGautret, Philippe uhttp://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/11/17-0516_article.htm00896nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245002200055210002200077260001800099300001200117490000700129520026400136653001500400653001200415653001000427653002100437653001100458653006400469653002000533653001700553100001800570856006600588 1989 eng d a0017-914000aTackling headlice0 aTackling headlice aENGLANDc1989 a96 - 970 v623 aA description of the life cycle, appearance and daily habits of the headlouse is followed by guidance on eradication. The psychological effects of infestation on both child and parent are considered as a background to the relevant health education programmes.10aadolescent10aanimals10achild10aChild, Preschool10ahumans10aLice Infestations/prevention & control/therapy/transmission10aLice/physiology10arisk factors1 aSutkowski, K. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/tackling-headlice01747nas a2200373 4500008004100000020001400041245007700055210006900132260001600201300001200217490000700229520067600236653001500912653001000927653002100937653001200958653001000970653002100980653005001001653001301051653001101064653001101075653001901086653002201105653001601127653001601143653002001159653001701179653002101196653001001217100001601227700001601243856011401259 1996 eng d a0012-835X00aOutbreak of louse-borne relapsing fever in Jimma, south western Ethiopia0 aOutbreak of louseborne relapsing fever in Jimma south western Et aKENYAc1996 a54 - 580 v733 aSome epidemiological aspects of louse-borne relapsing fever during the epidemic of 1991 in Ethiopia are described. There was male preponderance and the age ranged from two months to 58 years (mean, sd = 18.05,11.19). There was no sex differential in children. Students, soldiers and jobless contributed the majority. There were two peaks (August and March) in the seasonal pattern. About two-thirds was infested with lice and significant associations were found among adults, soldiers, ethnicity, illiterate persons and family size above seven. The household attack rate was 15.1%, the attack being higher among children. Promotion of preventive measures are recommended.10aadolescent10aadult10aAge Distribution10aanimals10achild10aChild, Preschool10aDisease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data10aEthiopia10ahumans10aInfant10aInsect vectors10aLice/microbiology10aMiddle Aged10apopulations10aRelapsing Fever10arisk factors10aSex Distribution10aUrban1 aMekasha, A.1 aMeharie, S. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/outbreak-louse-borne-relapsing-fever-jimma-south-western-ethiopia02415nas a2200409 4500008004100000020001400041245007500055210006900130260002400199300001400223490000700237520115500244653001201399653003501411653001701446653000801463653002301471653002001494653004501514653001301559653002001572653001101592653000901603653001501612653003701627653001701664653003001681653001701711100002201728700001801750700001901768700001701787700001501804700001401819700001901833856015301852 1996 eng d a1058-483800aSurvey of the seroprevalence of Bartonella quintana in homeless people0 aSurvey of the seroprevalence of Bartonella quintana in homeless  aUNITED STATESc1996 a756 - 7590 v233 a

Trench fever is caused by Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana, a small gram-negative rod that is transmitted by body lice. Recently, B. quintana infections in homeless patients have been reported in the United States and Europe. From October 1993 to October 1994, the seroprevalence of antibodies to B. quintana was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence in a prospective study of 221 nonhospitalized homeless people, 43 hospitalized homeless patients (cases), 250 blood donors, and 57 hospitalized matched controls. Four (1.8%) of 221 nonhospitalized homeless people tested had titers of > 1:100. Of the 43 cases, seven (16%) had serological titers of > or = 1:100. None of the 250 serum samples from blood donors contained antibodies to B. quintana. The presence of antibodies to B. quintana in cases was significantly associated with the presence of body lice, exposure to cats, headaches, eastern European origin, and pain in the legs. This study demonstrates the presence of antibodies to B. quintana in the homeless population and should alert physicians that B. quintana might be an etiologic agent of fever in homeless patients.

10aanimals10aAntibodies, Bacterial/analysis10aBlood Donors10acat10aDisease Reservoirs10aDisease Vectors10aFluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect10ahomeless10aHospitalization10ahumans10alice10aPrevalence10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10arisk factors10aSeroepidemiologic Studies10atrench fever1 aBrouqui, Philippe1 aHoupikian, P.1 aDupont, H., T.1 aToubiana, P.1 aObadia, Y.1 aLafay, V.1 aRaoult, Didier uhttps://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Survey-of-the-seroprevalence-of-Bartonella-quintana-Brouqui-Houpikian/9689223aa5dce37c7377f13e42c34dc86f84c93803227nas a2200421 4500008004100000020001400041245010100055210006900156260000900225300001600234490000800250520185700258653001702115653001202132653003202144653007302176653006402249653000802313653000802321653001702329653001002346653001302356653001102369653000902380653003702389653004102426653001702467100002002484700002002504700002002524700002102544700001702565700001902582700003102601700001902632700002002651856013402671 1997 eng d a0028-479300aMolecular epidemiology of bartonella infections in patients with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis0 aMolecular epidemiology of bartonella infections in patients with c1997 a1876 - 18830 v3373 aBACKGROUND: Bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis are vascular proliferative manifestations of infection with species of the genus bartonella that occur predominantly in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Two species, B. henselae and B. quintana, have been associated with bacillary angiomatosis, but culture and speciation are difficult, and there has been little systematic evaluation of the species-specific disease characteristics. We studied 49 patients seen over eight years who were infected with bartonella species identified by molecular techniques and who had clinical lesions consistent with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis.METHODS: In this case-control study, a standardized questionnaire about exposures was administered to patients with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis and to 96 matched controls. The infecting bartonella species were determined by molecular techniques. RESULTS: Of the 49 patients with bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis, 26 (53 percent) were infected with B. henselae and 23 (47 percent) with B. quintana. Subcutaneous and lytic bone lesions were strongly associated with B. quintana, whereas peliosis hepatis was associated exclusively with B. henselae. Patients with B. henselae infection were identified throughout the study period and were epidemiologically linked to cat and flea exposure (P< or =0.004), whereas those with B. quintana were clustered and were characterized by low income (P=0.003), homelessness (P = 0.004), and exposure to lice (P= 0.03). Prior treatment with macrolide antibiotics appeared to be protective against infection with either species. CONCLUSIONS: B. henselae and B. quintana, the organisms that cause bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis, are associated with different epidemiologic risk factors and with predilections for involvement of different organs. 10aangiomatosis10aanimals10aBacterial Typing Techniques10aBartonella henselae/classification/genetics/isolation & purification10aBartonella/classification/genetics/isolation & purification10acat10adna10aepidemiology10afleas10ahomeless10ahumans10alice10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.10arisk factors1 aKoehler, J., E.1 aSanchez, M., A.1 aGarrido, C., S.1 aWhitfeld, M., J.1 aChen, F., M.1 aBerger, T., G.1 aRodriguez-Barradas, M., C.1 aLeBoit, P., E.1 aTappero, J., W. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/molecular-epidemiology-bartonella-infections-patients-bacillary-angiomatosis-peliosis02107nas a2200313 4500008004100000020001400041245003000055210003000085260001700115300001400132490000700146520128700153653001101440653001201451653001201463653002801475653005001503653002101553653001101574653001901585653002201604653001601626653001701642653001101659653000801670100002501678700001901703856007101722 1999 eng d a0025-682X00aEpidemic typhus in Africa0 aEpidemic typhus in Africa aFRANCEc1999 a181 - 1920 v593 aEpidemic typhus is caused by a small strictly intracellular virus named Rickettsia prowazekii, a member of the Rickettsial family. It is transmitted to man by the body louse, Pediculus humanus. Although now rare in Western countries, exanthematic typhus remains common in the Southern hemisphere due to poverty, inadequate clothing hygiene, and poor socioeconomic conditions. In Africa, outbreaks have historically occurred in Burundi, Rwanda, southwest Ouganda, and Ethiopia. The largest outbreak of epidemic typhus since the World War II was reported in Burundi where ongoing civil war since October 1993 has forced 10 p. 100 of the population of Burundi to live in cold, promiscuity, and malnutrition of makeshift refugee camps. The purpose of this report based on our two-year experience working with this unfortunate population is to describe the characteristics of this disease in Africa where the epidemic form had become rare until recently. Indeed political unrest as well as numerous civil wars are now epidmiological factors favorizing outbreaks of epidemic typhus at any time. This overview also provides an opportunity to recall epidemiological, bacteriological, and clinical aspects of typhus as well as diagnosis and treatment of the disease in the context of Africa.10aAfrica10aanimals10aBurundi10aDiagnosis, Differential10aDisease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data10aEnglish Abstract10ahumans10aInsect vectors10aLice/microbiology10apopulations10arisk factors10atyphus10awar1 aNdihokubwayo, J., B.1 aRaoult, Didier uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/epidemic-typhus-africa01682nas a2200301 4500008004100000020001400041245003900055210003900094260002400133300001200157490000700169520085700176653001501033653001201048653001001060653002101070653001101091653006401102653001401166653001501180653001701195653002101212653001901233653001101252100002001263700001901283856007801302 2000 eng d a1059-840500aPediculosis in a school population0 aPediculosis in a school population aUnited Statesc2000 a32 - 380 v163 aThis nonexperimental, retrospective study of elementary, middle school, and high school children (a) determined the prevalence of pediculosis, (b) identified populations susceptible to head lice infestation, and (c) examined the role of the school nurse in pediculosis management. The findings showed the highest prevalence of pediculosis was among younger school-age children, and girls were 3 times more likely to be infested than boys. Hispanic children had the highest rate of infestation, followed by Caucasian children. African American children showed a 15% infestation rate, a finding not supported by other studies. The role of the school nurse in pediculosis management was restricted by time and budgetary constraints. Findings of this study support the need for a standardized data collection system for pediculosis in all school districts.10aadolescent10aanimals10achild10aChild, Preschool10ahumans10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/nursing/prevention & control10aPediculus10aPrevalence10arisk factors10ascalp dermatoses10aSchool Nursing10aU.S.A.1 aEstrada, J., S.1 aMorris, R., I. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/pediculosis-school-population03074nas a2200433 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260000900202300003000211490000700241520177100248653002802019653001502047653001002062653002102072653000902093653002202102653001202124653001002136653002102146653002802167653002202195653001102217653001402228653005802242653001602300653003102316653001402347653001502361653001402376653001702390653001002407653002102417653002202438100002502460700002202485700002102507856011202528 2000 eng d00aOver diagnosis and consequent mismanagement of head louse infestations in North America0 aOver diagnosis and consequent mismanagement of head louse infest c2000 a693 - 696; discussion 6940 v193 a

BACKGROUND: Lay personnel and many health care workers in the United States believe that head louse infestations caused by Pediculus capitis are exceedingly transmissible and that infested children readily infest others. Schoolchildren therefore frequently become ostracized and remain so until no signs of their presumed infestations are evident. Repeated applications of pediculicidal product and chronic school absenteeism frequently result.METHODS: To determine how frequently louse-related exclusions from schools and applications of pediculicidal therapeutic regimens might be inappropriate, we invited health care providers as well as nonspecialized personnel to submit specimens to us that were associated with a diagnosis of pediculiasis. Each submission was then characterized microscopically. RESULTS: Health care professionals as well as nonspecialists frequently overdiagnose pediculiasis capitis and generally fail to distinguish active from extinct infestations. Noninfested children thereby become quarantined at least as often as infested children. Traditional anti-louse formulations are overapplied as frequently as are "alternative" formulations. Pediculicidal treatments are more frequently applied to non-infested children than to children who bear active infestations. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculicidal treatments should be applied solely after living nymphal or adult lice or apparently viable eggs have been observed. Because health care providers as well as lay personnel generally misdiagnose pediculiasis, and because few symptoms and no direct infectious processes are known to result, we suggest that the practice of excluding presumably infested children from school may be more burdensome than the infestations themselves.

10aAdministration, Topical10aadolescent10aadult10aAge Distribution10aAged10aAged, 80 and over10aanimals10achild10aChild, Preschool10aDiagnosis, Differential10aFollow-Up Studies10ahumans10aincidence10aLice Infestations/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology10aMiddle Aged10aNorth America/epidemiology10aPediculus10aPermethrin10aPyrethrum10arisk factors10ascalp10aSex Distribution10aTreatment Outcome1 aPollack, Richard, J.1 aKiszewski, A., E.1 aSpielman, Andrew uhttps://journals.lww.com/pidj/Abstract/2000/08000/Overdiagnosis_and_consequent_mismanagement_of_head.3.aspx01338nas a2200277 4500008004100000245003100041210003100072260000900103300001400112490000700126520061700133653001500750653001200765653001000777653002100787653001100808653001400819653005300833653001400886653001700900653001000917653002600927100001800953700001700971856007200988 2000 eng d00aGetting ahead of head lice0 aGetting ahead of head lice c2000 a209 - 2120 v413 aDermatologists are the nominal experts in the management of head lice in Australia, yet many dermatologists infrequently treat patients with this condition. Most people are managed in the community by school nurses, local council health officers, pharmacists, paediatricians or general practitioners. Only a small number will present to the dermatologist and commonly these patients will have tried a variety of treatments and failed to respond. Resistance is reported to all of the currently available insecticide treatments and this makes management of this common community-acquired infestation more involved.10aadolescent10aanimals10achild10aChild, Preschool10ahumans10aincidence10aLice Infestations/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy10aPediculus10arisk factors10ascalp10aVictoria/epidemiology1 ade Berker, D.1 aSinclair, R. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/getting-ahead-head-lice02035nas a2200301 4500008004100000020001400041245003400055210003400089260001800123300001200141490000700153520121200160653001201372653001301384653001101397653002001408653001601428653008001444653001501524653002401539653001901563653001501582653001401597653001701611100001601628700001701644856007201661 2001 eng d a0044-605X00aEradication of lice in cattle0 aEradication of lice in cattle aDenmarkc2001 a81 - 890 v423 aThe purpose of this field study was to develop and evaluate eradication as a strategy to control lice in cattle. Thirty-three herds of cattle were selected and observed during a period of two and a half years. Before eradication, biting lice (Damalinia bovis) were present in 94% of the herds and 27% of the animals. Sucking lice (Linognathus vituli) were present in 42% of the herds and 5% of the animals. These levels were very similar to those reported from other countries in Northern Europe. The eradication strategy was successful in 28 of 33 herds, but lice were still present in 5 herds 3 to 6 months after treatment. Biting lice were present in all these 5 herds, sucking lice were present in 3 herds. During the next 12 months, nine of the 28 herds were reinfected with lice. Six herds were reinfected with just biting lice, 2 herds with just sucking lice and one herd was reinfected with both. There was no significant difference between the 2 louse species regarding the risk of unsuccessful eradication or reinfection. The only significant risk factor for reinfection was either purchase of livestock or use of common pasture, combined with failure in pre-treatment of newly introduced animals.10aanimals10aAnoplura10acattle10aCattle Diseases10ainsecticide10aLice Infestations/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control/veterinary10aMallophaga10aNorway/epidemiology10aPilot Projects10aPrevalence10aPyrethrum10arisk factors1 aNafstad, O.1 aGronstol, H. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/eradication-lice-cattle02350nas a2200373 4500008004100000020001400041245008000055210006900135260002400204300001400228490000700242520125000249653001501499653001001514653000901524653001201533653001101545653001401556653005701570653001601627653001501643653001201658653001701670653001601687653003301703653001001736100001901746700001401765700001701779700001701796700002101813700001601834856012601850 2003 eng d a0148-571700aPhthirus pubis in a sexually transmitted diseases unit: a study of 14 years0 aPhthirus pubis in a sexually transmitted diseases unit a study o aUnited Statesc2003 a292 - 2960 v303 a

BACKGROUND: There have been few epidemiologic studies of pubic lice in recent times, and the exact incidence is unknown. GOAL: The goal was to determine the trends of pubic lice infestation in a risk group of males and female prostitutes in an STD unit in Spain. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective 14-year study, from 1988 to 2001, of all patients attending the STD unit in Gijon (Asturias, Spain), investigating crab lice and other STDs. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-seven patients (2.2%) had pubic lice, with a male/female proportion of 1.8/1. The yearly infestation rate ranged from 1.3% to 4.6%. The mean age was 30.3 years, and 18.8% of patients were older than 35 years. There were more cases involving men who had sex with men (MSM) (P < 0.001) than those involving heterosexual men. Reinfestation occurred in 7.6% of patients, more often in males (P < 0.05) and mainly in MSM (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Infestation rates were stable during the period of study, with more older patients involved than reported previously, and infestation frequently was associated with STDs. MSM were infested and reinfested more often than heterosexual men, and in general reinfestations occurred more frequently in males than in females.

10aadolescent10aadult10aAged10aanimals10ahumans10aincidence10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/etiology/parasitology10aMiddle Aged10aPrevalence10aPthirus10arisk factors10aSex Factors10asexually transmitted disease10aSpain1 aVarela, J., A.1 aOtero, L.1 aEspinosa, E.1 aSánchez, C.1 aJunquera, M., L.1 aVazquez, F. uhttps://journals.lww.com/stdjournal/Fulltext/2003/04000/Phthirus_pubis_in_a_Sexually_Transmitted_Diseases.4.aspx#pdf-link02919nas a2200325 4500008004100000020001400041245010900055210006900164260002000233300001200253490000700265520187800272653001202150653001402162653001002176653002102186653001102207653003502218653001402253653001502267653001702282653002102299653001202320653003002332653002602362100001602388700002802404700002002432856014102452 2003 eng d a0014-672200aPrevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation in school children at Despenaderos, Cordoba Province0 aPrevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation in school ch aArgentinac2003 a43 - 530 v603 a

Paper in Spanish. Title: Prevalencia de infestación por Pediculus humanus capitis en escolares de despeñaderos (Provincia de Córdoba) / Prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis infestation in schoolchildren at Despeñaderos, Córdoba Province

BACKGROUND: Approximately 80% of Argentine children have pediculosis, making it imperious to detect the defects in the prevention and control actions for this parasitosis. OBJECTIVES: To study the infestation level by P. h. capitis, its temporal variation, and the association between infestation and host characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A monthly census in children of 6-8 years old from 2 primary schools (state and private) was carried out, recording the parasite stages found, children characteristics (sex, colour and length of hair), and infestation level. Data were analysed by means of contingency tables, difference of proportions, quotient of chances, and rank correlation coefficient. The independence of variables was analysed by c' test. RESULTS: The prevalence and chances of becoming infested were higher at the state school, where also all infestation levels were recorded, which did not occur at the private institute. The frequency of children infested was significantly lower when they had short hair. The correlation among infestation degree and hair length (short-long) was only significant for boys. Pediculosis cases were recorded at the beginning of the school year in both educative institutions, which demonstrated that infestation was acquired not only at school but also at home. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculosis is a social problems and the whole community must participate in preventive and control actions, for which sanitary education is essential, and the myth that the school is the only place of contagion must be eradicated.

10aanimals10aArgentina10achild10aEnglish Abstract10ahumans10aLice Infestations/epidemiology10aPediculus10aPrevalence10arisk factors10ascalp dermatoses10aSeasons10aSeverity of Illness Index10aSocioeconomic Factors1 aRamirez, A.1 aAlmeida, F., F. Luduena1 aAlmiron, W., R. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/prevalence-pediculus-humanus-capitis-infestation-school-children-despenaderos-cordoba-provin01267nas a2200397 4500008004100000020001400041245004100055210004100096260001700137300001600154490000700170653000900177653001200186653006600198653006200264653002400326653001600350653007700366653001100443653001300454653001100467653004800478653001400526653001400540653001300554653002000567653001700587653001200604653002100616653008700637653001700724653001100741100001700752700002200769856007800791 2003 eng d a0035-264000aCutaneous infections in the homeless0 aCutaneous infections in the homeless aFrancec2003 a1977 - 19810 v5310aAIDS10aanimals10aAnti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use10aAntifungal Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use10abartonella quintana10adermatology10aFoot Dermatoses/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control10aFrance10ahomeless10ahumans10aLice Infestations/drug therapy/epidemiology10aOintments10aPediculus10aPyoderma10aRelapsing Fever10arisk factors10aScabies10ascalp dermatoses10aSkin Diseases, Infectious/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control10atrench fever10atyphus1 aConsigny, S.1 aChosidow, Olivier uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/cutaneous-infections-homeless02494nas a2200397 4500008004100000020001400041245008800055210006900143260002200212300001400234490000700248520128900255653001501544653002101559653002501580653001201605653001001617653002201627653001101649653003501660653001401695653001101709653001501720653001701735653004501752653004001797653002101837653002601858653005601884653001001940100001501950700002401965700001701989700001702006856007302023 2004 eng d a0393-299000aPediculosis capitis among schoolchildren in urban and rural areas of eastern Poland0 aPediculosis capitis among schoolchildren in urban and rural area aNetherlandsc2004 a491 - 4950 v193 a

The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of head pediculosis in the rural and urban environments of Lublin Province (eastern Poland) in 1996-2000 and to examine socioeconomic factors influencing distribution among schoolchildren. A total of 95,153 schoolchildren living in urban and rural areas were examined twice yearly by school nurses. The overall rate of head pediculosis differs significantly between rural (1.59%) and urban (0.48%) schools in eastern Poland. Children between 8 and 12 years old were most frequently infested. Pediculosis was observed most frequently in girls both in the urban (63.5%) and rural (75.3%) schools and this was related with hairstyles. The prevalence of pediculosis decreased with increasing life standards, i.e. with high income, accessibility and consumption of water and better health care systems. Our findings showed that prevalence of pediculosis capitis depends on the age and sex of the schoolchildren and their living conditions. Hygienic controls of schoolchildren by nurses are important in the elimination of Pediculus humanus capitis. Our results confirmed pediculosis capitis is still a problem in different environments, particularly with lower life standards and poorer economic conditions of health care.

10aadolescent10aAge Distribution10aAnalysis of Variance10aanimals10achild10aComparative Study10ahumans10aLice Infestations/epidemiology10aPediculus10aPoland10aPrevalence10arisk factors10aRural Health/statistics & numerical data10aSchools/statistics & numerical data10aSex Distribution10aSocioeconomic Factors10aStudents/classification/statistics & numerical data10aUrban1 aBuczek, A.1 aMarkowska-Gosik, D.1 aWidomska, D.1 aKawa, I., M. uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:EJEP.0000027347.76908.6102477nas a2200361 4500008004100000020001400041245006700055210006600122260002000188300001400208490000700222520144600229653001501675653001201690653001001702653002101712653001101733653004501744653001801789653001401807653001501821653001701836653001001853653003701863653002901900653002601929100001701955700001601972700001601988700001502004700002002019856007602039 2004 eng d a1034-481000aHead lice prevalence in primary schools in Victoria, Australia0 aHead lice prevalence in primary schools in Victoria Australia aAustraliac2004 a616 - 6190 v403 a

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of and assess risk factors associated with head lice infections (pediculosis) in children from government primary schools in Victoria, Australia. METHODS: Between May and October 2001, children were selected by clustered random sampling of schools and classes, then examined for head lice using hair conditioner and a fine-toothed head lice comb. There were 1838 children screened from 16 primary schools. Risk factors evaluated included metropolitan or rural residence, school class, gender and hair length. RESULTS: Thirteen percent of children (239/1838) had an active infection (95% CI, 10.9-15.1) and 3.3% (61/1838) had an inactive infection (95% CI, 2.0-4.6). Prevalence of active pediculosis varied between schools from 0 to 28%. Our screening identified no more than one case per class in the majority of classes screened (58.5%). Females were 2.2 times more likely to have active infection than males (95% CI [1.7,2.9]) and there was no significant difference for the other risk factors investigated. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated the prevalence of head lice varied across Victoria and showed that risk factors commonly attributed to head lice infections did not hold true. Our findings support the premise that traditional ad hoc mass school-based screening may not be the best use of resources when controlling head lice. We suggest a more pragmatic community-based approach.

10aadolescent10aanimals10achild10aChild, Preschool10ahumans10aLice Infestations/diagnosis/epidemiology10aLinear Models10aPediculus10aPrevalence10arisk factors10ascalp10aSchool Health Services/standards10aSchool Nursing/standards10aVictoria/epidemiology1 aCounahan, M.1 aAndrews, R.1 aButtner, P.1 aByrnes, G.1 aSpeare, Richard uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00486.x/pdf02846nas a2200337 4500008004100000020001400041245016200055210006900217260001800286300001400304490000700318520167200325653002101997653001202018653001302030653002802043653001202071653005602083653001502139653003702154653001702191653001202208653001002220653005502230100002202285700001602307700001502323700001502338700001402353856014102367 2004 eng d a0269-283X00aPrevalence, risk factors and economic importance of infestations with Sarcoptes scabiei and Haematopinus suis in sows of pig breeding farms in Hesse, Germany0 aPrevalence risk factors and economic importance of infestations  aEnglandc2004 a361 - 3670 v183 aA cross-sectional survey was performed in 110 randomly selected pig-breeding farms of southern Hesse, Germany to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasite infestations and to find possible risk factors. Ear scrapings of, if available, 10 sows per farm were examined for Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis (De Geer) (Acaridida: Sarcoptidae) by the potassium hydroxide digestion method, and a total of 2754 sows was inspected for skin lesions and infestations with Haematopinus suis (L.) (Anoplurida: Haematopinidae). Data on farm profiles and sows were collected by a questionnaire. In total, 19.1% and 2.5% of the sows were found to be infested with S. scabiei or H. suis, respectively. The percentage of mite or louse infestation was significantly higher in sows showing pruritus than in those without skin lesions. Both ectoparasite infestations were related neither to the age of sows nor their reproduction status, nor to the time interval to last ectoparasite treatment. Using farms as the unit of analysis, the estimated prevalence of mange mite and louse infestations was 45.4% and 14.5%, respectively. There was no significant association between the presence of S. scabiei and H. suis in the farms. Risk factors for S. scabiei infestation were mixed housing of dry and nursing sows in the same unit (vs. separate housing) and straw bedding (vs. strawless). For louse infestation, only mechanical cleaning of stable units (vs. additional use of disinfection methods) and pasturing of gilts and dry sows were identified as risk factors. The economic loss by S. scabiei infestation in the study population was assessed at euro 4200 per affected farm and year on average.10aAnimal Husbandry10aanimals10aAnoplura10aCross-Sectional Studies10aGermany10aLice Infestations/economics/epidemiology/veterinary10aPrevalence10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10arisk factors10aScabies10aSwine10aSwine Diseases/economics/epidemiology/parasitology1 aDamriyasa, I., M.1 aFailing, K.1 aVolmer, R.1 aZahner, H.1 aBauer, C. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/prevalence-risk-factors-and-economic-importance-infestations-sarcoptes-scabiei-and-haematopi02393nas a2200445 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196260000900265300001400274490000800288520111600296653001501412653001201427653001001439653002101449653002201470653002801492653000901520653001101529653001201540653001101552653001601563653004301579653001401622653001401636653001501650653003701665653001701702653002101719653002401740653002201764100001601786700001301802700002001815700001501835700001601850700002301866700001301889856004501902 2005 eng d00aSingle blind, randomised, comparative study of the Bug Buster kit and over the counter pediculicide treatments against head lice in the United Kingdom0 aSingle blind randomised comparative study of the Bug Buster kit  c2005 a384 - 3870 v3313 a

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the Bug Buster kit with a single treatment of over the counter pediculicides for eliminating head lice. DESIGN: Single blind, multicentre, randomised, comparative clinical study. SETTING: Four counties in England and one county in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: 133 young people aged 2-15 years with head louse infestation: 56 were allocated to the Bug Buster kit and 70 to pediculicide treatment. INTERVENTIONS: Home use of proprietary pediculicides (organophosphate or pyrethroid) or the Bug Buster kit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Presence of head lice 2-4 days after end of treatment: day 5 for the pediculicides and day 15 for the Bug Buster kit. RESULTS: The cure rate using the Bug Buster kit was significantly greater than that for the pediculicides (57% v 13%; relative risk 4.4, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 8.5). Number needed to treat for the Bug Buster kit compared with the pediculicides was 2.26. CONCLUSION: The Bug Buster kit was the most effective over the counter treatment for head louse infestation in the community when compared with pediculicides.

10aadolescent10aanimals10achild10aChild, Preschool10aComparative Study10aDrugs, Non-Prescription10ahair10ahumans10ahygiene10aInfant10ainsecticide10aLice Infestations/prevention & control10aMalathion10aPediculus10aPermethrin10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10arisk factors10ascalp dermatoses10aSingle-Blind Method10aTreatment Outcome1 aHill, Nigel1 aMoor, G.1 aCameron, M., M.1 aButlin, A.1 aPreston, S.1 aWilliamson, M., S.1 aBass, C. uhttps://www.bmj.com/content/331/7513/38401610nas a2200217 4500008004100000245006400041210006400105260000900169300001200178490000700190520099200197653001701189653001801206653001501224653000801239653001701247100001801264700001901282700001901301856007201320 2004 eng d00aParasitiological survey of rats in rural regions of Croatia0 aParasitiological survey of rats in rural regions of Croatia c2004 a70 - 740 v493 aA parasitological survey of 255 rats, trapped in rural regions of Croatia, was carried out. The survey revealed infection with 7 helminth species (2 cestodes, 5 nematodes and eggs of 2 accidental parasites). Also, 8 ectoparasite species (2 fleas, 3 lice, and 3 mites) were found. Overall infection rate was 72.6% (185 infected out of 255 rats). Eighty two of 255 rats (32.2%) were infected with ectoparasites and 166 out of 255 (65.1%) with endoparasites. Among endoparasites the most frequent parasite was Hymenolepis diminuta (36.9%) and among ectoparasites Polyplax spinulosa (14.5%). Analysing association of parasite infection with sex, age and location (household and village) we found out that none of the found parasites was sex related. On the other hand, several parasite infections increased with age and depended on habitat. As accidental finding, study showed that rats with mites tended to be infected with fleas and rats with nematodes tended to be infected with cestodes.10aectoparasite10aEndoparasites10aPrevalence10arat10arisk factors1 aStojcevic, D.1 aMihaljevic, Z.1 aMarinculic, A. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/6738.pdf