03389nas a2200217 4500008004100000245005800041210005800099300001200157520273100169653002102900653000902921653001302930653001102943100002702954700001902981700003303000700002403033700002403057700002103081856006903102 2004 eng d00aParasitförekomst hos tamhöns i svenska hobbyflockar0 aParasitförekomst hos tamhöns i svenska hobbyflockar a11 - 173 a

Paper in Swedish

Abstrakt: I följande artikel redovisas en inventering av nematod- och artropodförekomsten hos tamhöns från svenska hobbybesättningar. Parasitförekomsten och artrikedo- men bland parasitfynden var hög. Totalt 15 procent av de undersökta fåglarna hade dött av parasitära sjukdomar. Många av djurägarna hade gjort försök att bekämpa parasiter. Författarna diskuterar de praktiska svårigheterna kring rådgivning och bekämpning av parasiter hos hobbyfjäderfä.

English title: Parasite infections in Swedish backyard chicken

Summary: Many external and internal parasites are important pathogens of chickens. During recent decades, most poultry parasites have been eliminated from commercial poultry flocks by biosecurity measures and modern all-in-all-out management. In backyard flocks, some parasites may still constitute a threat to the health of the birds. In Sweden parasites are commonly detected in backyard chickens during necropsies, and parasites also receive much attention from bird owners. Presently no approved parasiticides for poultry are available in Sweden. This study was designed to determine which parasite species are present in Swedish backyard chickens, how common these parasites are and to investigate whether parasitic infections result in morbility and mortality in this population.

The gastrointestinal tract, the trachea and bronchi and the skin and plumage were investigated for presence of helminths and arthropods in Swedish backyard chcikens that were submitted for necropsy to the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) in Sweden during a period of two years. Parasite infections were common in the investigated birds (Table 1). In eight of 52 birds (15%) the cause of death was parasitic diseases. There were three cases of coccidiosis, four cases of anemia and circulatory failure caused by D. gallinae and one bird was diagnosed with respiratory cryptosporidiosis. or all parasites except K. mutans no association was found between rate of infection and the age, sex, and body condition (Table 2). K. mutans was only detected in adult birdfs. The number of H. gallinarum was slightly higher in birds with poor body condiction (p=0,09).

The author conclude that the high infection rate and the clinical effects caused by some parasites may have a significant impact on the welfare of the birds, and at leasdt in some cases, this justifies the use of acaricides, insecticides and possible also anhelmintics as a complement to other traditional control strategies.

10abackyard chicken10alice10anematode10aSweden1 aJansson, Désirée, S.1 aFossum, Oddvar1 aEngelsen, Pernille, Etterlin1 aChristensson, Bodil1 aAndersson, Birgitta1 aChristensson, D. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94393.pdf03070nas a2200169 4500008004100000245005900041210005900100300001400159490000700173520252900180653003102709653003102740653001202771100002702783700002102810856006902831 2000 eng d00aGastrointestinala parasiter hos strusfåglar i Sverige0 aGastrointestinala parasiter hos strusfåglar i Sverige a621 - 6260 v523 a

Paper in Swedish.

 

English title: Gastrointestinal parasites of ratites in Sweden.

Summary:

Ratites, especially ostriches have become new popular species for farming purposes in Sweden, and many birds were imported during the 1990s.

Fresh pooled fecal samples were collected on 45 ostrich farms, six emu farms and one rhea farm on a single occasion during May to June in 1999 in order to investigate the farm prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in ratites on Swedish farms. In total, one to six samples were obtained from different age groups from each farm. Parasitological examination was performed using previously described methods and nematode eggs were differentiated by larval culture.

Gastrointestinal parasites were detected in fecal samples from 28 of the 45 ostrich farms. The wireworm was found in 30 samples from 18 of the ostrich farms (40%) whereas Codiostomum struthionis, Balantidium sp. Entamoeba sp. and Isospora spp. were identified on fewer farms. The prevalence of L. douglassii was highest in the breeder birds whereas only occassional positive amples were found among chickens and subadults.

The farm prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in ratites on Swedish farms, particularly L. douglassii in the ostrich, was surprisingly high. The cause of this finding is not kown. The high frequency of international and national trading of ratites in the 1990s, high stocking densities during transit, on trading farms and in quarantines as well as lack of successful anthelmintic treatment in quarantines may all have contributed to the results in this study.

The impact of parasite ifections in Swedish ratites is not fully known. However, two case recpors with fatal outcome in young ostriches infected with L. douglassii are described in the paper. The findings at necropsy included proventriculitis and hemorrhagic/necrotising enteritis associated with E.coli. In the second case, a two year old hen which was found dead in a Swedish quarantine numerous larvae of L. douglassii were not only found in the proventriculus, but also embeded in the koilin layer of the gizzard. The koilin layer of the gizzard was severely thickened, unusually soft and inflamed. The localisation of larvae of L. douglassii in the koilin layer of the gizzard has, to the best of our knowledge, not been previously reported in the literature.

 

Note: Lice mentioned in Introduction.

10aGastrointestinal parasites10aLibyostrongylus douglassii10aostrich1 aJansson, Désirée, S.1 aChristensson, D. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94391.pdf02364nas a2200157 4500008004100000245002600041210002600067300001400093490000700107520194400114100002102058700002202079700001702101700001902118856006902137 1998 eng d00aLus hos und i Sverige0 aLus hos und i Sverige a189 - 1910 v503 a

English title: Prevalence of lice found on dogs in Sweden

An investigation was performed on the prevalence of lice found on dogs in Sweden. The survey had two parts.

The first study was based on the submissions made by veterinary practitioners throughout Sweden, to the National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala. Samples were received from 117 dogs, representing 49 breeds, during April-June 1997. Detailed hisory was also obtained, which included age and sexc of the dog, previous treatment and the number of dogs kept by owener. All except 3, of these submissions were positive  for lice and the overwhelming proportion (96%0 were found to be Linognathus setosus, with the remainder being Trichodectes canis. No mixed infections were observed. The submissions from the 3 dogs which were negative for lice were found to be the tick Ixodes ricinus.

The second study consists of 66 dogs infected with lice. Tje cases were diagnosed in animals presented at the dermatology service at the Bla Stjarnan small animal hospital in Gothenburg, between January 1996 and March 1997. This work only detected L. setosus.

It is claerly apparent that the blood sucking louse, L. setosus is the most abundant louse found on dogs in Sweden. There was no consistent relationship with the presence and/or abundance of lice and age of sex of dogs. Although 83 % of the infected dogs were represented by long-haired brreds, there is no significant coorelation between hair length and susceptibility to lice, as 65 % of all dog registered in Sweden are long hair.

Lice infection of dogs seems to be a reccuring problem, as 40 % of oweners reported that they had previously treated their dogs against lice with ectoparasiticides. It is also seems that density of dogs plas an important role, as five of the six kennel establishments of the first investigation had treated their dogs previously.

1 aChristensson, D.1 aZakrisson, Göran1 aHolm, Birgit1 aGunnarsson, L. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94385.pdf01569nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005300041210005100094300001400145490000700159520109200166100002101258700002301279700002301302700001701325856006901342 1994 eng d00aLöss på nötkreatur i Sverige - en inventering0 aLöss på nötkreatur i Sverige en inventering a119 - 1210 v463 a

Paper in Swedish.

A trial was carried out to estimate the prevalence of lice in cattle in Sweden. The purpose was also to investigate whether there is any difference in lice presence with regard to production system or geographical location. 

Hair sample were taken from 408 animals in 27 different farms selected with reference to geographical accessibility and not with reference to already known existence of lice. The animals were not selected with regard to ciinical systoms, and no form avectoparasite control was present.

Lice presence was found in 25 out of 27 investigated farms (92%). Out of the 408 examinated animals, lice and nits were found in 119 (29.2%).

Bovicola bovis was present as only ectoparaiste in 58.8 per cent of the infected animals, and Linognathus vituli in 25.2 per cent. In 16 percent of the infeted animals infection with both B bovis and L vituli was detected.

No difference in existence of lice due to type of production was shown, nor was there any detectable regional difference in lice existence.

1 aChristensson, D.1 aGyllensvaan, Claes1 aSkiöldebrand, Eva1 aViring, Sven uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94383.pdf