02381nas a2200301 4500008004100000022002500041245009800066210006900164260001600233300001000249490000700259520140600266653001301672653001401685653001501699653001901714100002701733700002801760700002901788700002901817700003101846700002701877700002501904700003101929700002401960700002701984856006802011 2022 eng d a1678-2690, 0001-376500aPediculosis knowledge among schoolchildren parents and its relation with head lice prevalence0 aPediculosis knowledge among schoolchildren parents and its relat cJan-01-2022 a15 pp0 v943 a

Pediculosis mainly affects school-age children worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the knowledge of the parents and guardians of children in elementary schools in Niterói, Brazil, regarding pediculosis. Questionnaires were applied to 237 guardians of children at five 1-5 grade municipal schools. The responses were analyzed and correlated with positivity to louse infestation, detected by scalp aspiration. 73.8% of the respondents reported that their child had already been infested with lice. 32.9% presented correct responses about transmission. Incorrect responses were attributed to the air/wind, blood type and the fact that lice jump and fly. 40.1% of the respondents erroneously correlated control over the parasitosis with hygiene. A majority of the participants (58.6%) responded that pediculosis is harmful to health, while a small proportion (20.7%) considered it to be a disease. The prevalence of pediculosis was 19.8% among schoolchildren. Female sex, pruritus on the head and indifference regarding infestation were shown to be risk factors for pediculosis. The lack of perception of pediculosis as a disease may lead to naturalization of this parasitosis. Incorrect responses may add difficulty to implementation of preventive and curative approaches, which highlights the importance of dissemination of correct information about pediculosis.

10aChildren10aknowledge10aPrevalence10aschoolchildren1 ade Souza, Ariela, Both1 ade Morais, Patricia, C.1 aDorea, João, Pedro S. P1 aFonseca, Ana, Beatriz Mo1 aNakashima, Flávia, Terumi1 aCorrêa, Laís, Lisboa1 aFrança, Pâmela, O.1 aBastos, Otilio, Machado Pe1 aBarbosa, Alynne, S.1 aUchôa, Claudia, M. A. uhttps://www.scielo.br/j/aabc/a/KNbGThLzCpxxWW3WQGTGWZs/?lang=en02503nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260001600210300001000226490000700236520180000243653001302043653001302056653001402069653001402083653001602097100001602113700001602129700002102145700002002166700001702186856004602203 2022 eng d a1648-914400aEstonian Parents’ Awareness of Pediculosis and Its Occurrence in Their Children0 aEstonian Parents Awareness of Pediculosis and Its Occurrence in  cNov-30-2022 a11 pp0 v583 a

Background and Objectives: Pediculosis, or head lice infestation, is a widespread health problem that can affect anyone, regardless of gender, age, or social background. The purpose of this study was to clarify the occurrence of pediculosis among Estonian preschool- and primary school-aged children according to their parents and the parent’s awareness of pediculosis and related behaviors.

Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire was completed by the parents of the preschool children (n = 1141) in 2019 and the parents of the elementary school children (n = 362) in 2021. For the descriptive data, t-test, Mann–Whitney or χ2 test, linear regression, and logistic regression analyses were applied.

Results: According to the parents, pediculosis had occurred in 34.7% of the children, and more than one-third of pediculosis patients had experienced it more than twice. Lice were mainly acquired from elementary school or preschool and less often from friends, relatives, or training environments. Parents’ knowledge of head lice was rather good; the average score of the correct answers was 14.0 ± 3.4 (max. 20). In the multivariate analysis, higher age (coefficient 0.07, p < 0.001), healthcare education (coefficient 1.19, p < 0.001), and a previous occurrence of pediculosis in a family (coefficient 1.95; p < 0.001) were factors influencing better knowledge. In order to treat the infestation, antilice shampoo and combing were the most often used methods.

Conclusion: Despite parents’ awareness, pediculosis infestations continue to be common among our children.

10aChildren10aEstonian10ahead lice10aknowledge10aPediculosis1 aKutman, Ave1 aParm, Ülle1 aTamm, Anna-Liisa1 aHüneva, Birgit1 aJesin, Diana uhttps://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/12/177302550nas a2200241 4500008004100000022002500041245012200066210006900188260001500257300001000272490000700282520174500289653001302034653002402047653002002071653001702091653002602108100003202134700002602166700002402192700003302216856005902249 2022 eng d a2322-2271, 1735-717900aEpidemiological Study of Pediculosis among Primary School Children in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq0 aEpidemiological Study of Pediculosis among Primary School Childr cMarch-2022 a72-830 v163 a

Background: Pediculosis is a common parasitic public health issue. Many socio-demographic and economic factors affect the pattern and prevalence of pediculosis. It is widely spread among pupils, particularly those in elementary schools. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Pediculus capitis infestation and its related risk factors in pri­mary school children in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, overall, 2064 primary school children (aged 5–14 years) during the period from October 2019 to February 2020 were randomly examined for the presence of any stage of Pediculosis capitis in both urban and suburban areas. The schools were selected by multistage sampling methods. A questionnaire was sent to the parents to get consent and fill in for every single pupil. The results were computed using the chi-square test and lo­gistic regression analysis.

Results: The overall prevalence of head lice infestation was (9.16%). The study found a significant association of Pe­diculosis capitis infestation with gender, parents’ education level, mother’s employment, number of siblings, and previ­ous infestation. The older age of children (≥12 years old) and the higher-grade pupils (4th to 6th class) were more infest­ed.

Conclusion: Head lice remain a health problem for school children. It needs collaboration of many sectors for decreas­ing and early detection and treatment in both urban and suburban areas since they have a close rate of infestation.

10aChildren10aPediculosis capitis10aPrimary schools10arisk factors10aSulaimani governorate1 aHama-Karim, Yadgar, Hussein1 aAzize, Pary, Mohammad1 aAli, Salar, Ibrahim1 aEzzaddin, Shahow, Abdulrehma uhttps://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/148403089nas a2200289 4500008004100000022002500041245013500066210006900201260001600270300001200286490000700298520213400305653001302439653001402452653001002466653001502476653001902491100003302510700002802543700003102571700002002602700003202622700003002654700002502684700002602709856006402735 2022 eng d a1165-158X, 0145-568000aInvestigation on prevalence, risk factors, and genetic diversity of Pediculus humanus capitis among primary school children0 aInvestigation on prevalence risk factors and genetic diversity o cJan-02-2022 a382-3890 v673 a

Pediculosis is an integumentary disease caused by the ecto-parasite Pediculus humanus capitis, which infests human hair. It is a common public health problem that is most prominent worldwide in elementary school children. The current study aimed to nvestigate the prevalence, risk factors, and genetic diversity of P. humanus capitis among primary school children in the Erbil province. For this purpose, this study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019 among 1100 randomly selected elementary school children aged 6-12. Data collection was performed via a regular questionnaire and physical hair examination. For the genetic diversity part, after collecting one louse randomly from each individual, DNA was extracted. The mitochondrial Cox1 gene was then amplified by universal primer and PCR. Gene sequencing was performed by ABI (BioNEER, South Korea). Data analysis was done by Chi-Square and T-test using the SPSS ver. 23. The overall infestation rate was 21.27%, and the rate was significantly higher among females (34.93%) compared to males (7.91%). Some variables had found the prevalence rate to be strongly affected. This included age; the rate was not significant (26.87%) in the age group 8-9 years compared to other age groups. According to hair length, the rate was significantly increased (36.52%) among children with tall hair. In terms of hair type, the incidence of curly-haired children was significantly higher (31.54%); in terms of hair color, there were not significant differences among blonde children (25.90%) and others. According to the results of Cox1 gene sequencing, of 234 infested children to lice, 86 (36.75%) of them were exposed to clade A, 38 (16.24%) were exposed to clade B, clade C has not been seen among any children (0%), 105 students (44.87%) were exposed to clade D, and 5 of them exposed to clade E (2.14%). Eventually, a significantly higher incidence (33.78%) was reported in rural primary school children. The infection rate of human head lice in Erbil province is still high, which is one of the health problems of children in public schools.

10aChildren10acox1 gene10aErbil10aPrevalence10aprimary school1 aAL-Daoody, Ahmed, Akil Khudh1 aMohammed, Asmaa, Khalis1 aJabbary, Hawri, Hawar Moha1 aAli, Fattma, A.1 aIbrahim, Hanifa, Abdulkaree1 aAbdullah, Kawther, Muhsin1 aMawlud, Sara, Ismail1 aRahman, Sara, Jubrael uhttps://www.cellmolbiol.org/index.php/CMB/article/view/407403131nas a2200289 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260001300245300001200258490000700270520219300277653000902470653001302479653001502492653001202507653001002519653001502529653001102544653001502555653001002570100002702580700003702607700003302644700002702677700001902704856011802723 2021 eng d00aA Cross Sectional Survey for Dermatoses in Children and Adolescents Residing in Orphanages in Urban Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India0 aCross Sectional Survey for Dermatoses in Children and Adolescent cMay 2021 a352-3590 v663 a

Context: Skin diseases are a major cause of public concern among underprivileged people residing in orphanages. There is a need for community-based study for dermatoses in orphanages as the literature is scarce at the national and international levels.

Aims: For profiling of various dermatoses to generate information on general health, nutritional status, and sanitation, and to educate about personal skin hygiene and care to inmates in urban child orphanages.

Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 urban child orphanages in Tirunelveli city for 1 month.

Methods and Material: A predesigned proforma was prepared and the demographic details regarding the inmates were obtained and they were screened under natural light for skin, hair, nail, and oral disorders as well as their built, nourishment, height, and weight were measured and recorded in tabulations.

Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistical analysis was followed for describing the prevalence of dermatoses and the age group affected which are explained in percentages and ratios.

Results: Out of a total of 850 inmates, 93 (11%) were of 5–9 years and 757 (89%) were of 10–19 years. Among them, 330 (39%) were males and 520 (61%) were females. Overall, the inmates affected with dermatoses were 360 (42.4%) and infectious dermatoses were seen in 218 inmates (60.5%) and non-infectious dermatoses were seen in 142 inmates (39.5%). Adolescent females were more commonly affected and the commonest dermatoses observed were pediculosis capitis (13.6%) followed by acne vulgaris (8.1%) and in adolescent males, scabies (7.1%) was the commonest. No psychocutaneous disorders were encountered.

Conclusions: Infections and infestations are common in orphanages due to a lack of awareness of personal hygiene and self-care practices. They should be given health education in order to reduce the disease burden in children living in orphanages which in turn decreases the disease burden at the community level.

10aCare10aChildren10aDermatoses10ahygiene10aIndia10aorphanages10aSurvey10aTamil Nadu10aUrban1 aPalanivel, Nirmaladevi1 aGovardhanan, Vijaikumar, Manikka1 aMoorthi, Soundharyaa, Savada1 aMaalik_Babu, A., N. M.1 aKannan, S., M. uhttps://www.e-ijd.org/article.asp?issn=0019-5154;year=2021;volume=66;issue=4;spage=352;epage=359;aulast=Palanivel02734nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245016900055210006900224260001600293300001000309490000700319520191300326653001302239653001502252653000902267653001102276100002002287700002002307700001802327700002302345700002402368700002702392856006102419 2021 eng d a2456-911900aEvaluation of a Potential Association between Head Lice (Pediculus capitis) Infestation and Anemia among Female Primary School Students in Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia0 aEvaluation of a Potential Association between Head Lice Pediculu cDec-13-2021 a62-680 v333 a

Aims: This study aimed to determine if there was an association between head lice infestation and anemia among female primary schools students.

Study Design: Case-control study.

Place and Duration of Study: Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia between August 2020 and November 2020.

Methodology: We conducted a case-control study by comparing hemoglobin levels among study subjects with and without head lice infestation. Female students at 6 randomly selected primary schools were examined for the presence of head lice. Hemoglobin levels were obtained from each study subject; both those with and without head lice. Selected characteristics of study subjects were recorded and examined to determine associations between those factors and  anemia.

Results: A total of 82 subjects were included in the study; 44 subjects with head lice. The average (± standard deviation) age of subjects was 11 (± 2) (range: 6-11) years. We found a significant (p<0.028) association between the presence of head lice and hemoglobin level, the OR= 2.036 at 95% confidence interval 0.23 to 18.009. The mean of hemoglobin in subjects with lice was 13(±2) while the level in subjects without lice was 14.8(±2). Other factors significantly associated with the level of hemoglobin were being aged 10-11 years (p<0.05) and having a non-working mother (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In our study we found a significant association between head lice and level of hemoglobin among study subjects. Further studies are needed to determine the reason of this association in order to determine the appropriate management and prevention of this problem.

10aChildren10ahemoglobin10alice10aMakkah1 aMohamed, Khalil1 aElmubarak, Amir1 aGafer, Mohand1 aAlsulami, Muslimah1 aAlbar, Halah, Tariq1 aAbdel-Fattaha, Mohamed uhttps://journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/view/469602043nas a2200253 4500008004100000022002500041245009500066210006900161260001600230300001400246490000800260520125000268653001301518653001401531653002201545653001301567653001801580653002201598100003501620700002301655700002301678700002301701856006501724 2021 eng d a0932-0113, 1432-195500aEffectiveness and tolerability of a squalane and dimethicone-based treatment for head lice0 aEffectiveness and tolerability of a squalane and dimethiconebase cApr-02-2021 a1883-18900 v1203 a

Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are worldwide obligate human ectoparasites, with high implications in pediatrics. In Europe, first-line topical neurotoxic insecticidal therapeutic strategies are being replaced by topical physically acting agents as the first-choice treatment. Safety of the active ingredients and high efficacy in a one-time single-dose treatment with a brief treatment application time are key issues for consumer use and effective compliance. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro efficacy of a newly developed squalane and dimethicone-based pediculicidal formula, against motile head lice and eggs after 2 and 5 min immersion in the product, as well as its skin tolerance and acceptability under dermatological and pediatric expert control in children with atopic skin. The results indicate that at both time points, 100% mortality rate of head lice crawling stages and late-stage eggs was achieved. The formula was well tolerated and suitable for children with atopic skin from 12 months of age. Showing high in vitro efficacy and good skin acceptability, this solution is presented as a new safe alternative therapy for treatment of head lice infestations.

10aChildren10ahead lice10aIn vitro efficacy10aOvicidal10aPediculicides10aPhysically acting1 aFernández, Leticia, Martínez1 aPuig_Algora, Gemma1 aBajona_Roig, Marta1 aBacchini, Gabriela uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-021-07113-y02344nas a2200265 4500008004100000022002500041245012500066210006900191260001600260300001400276490000700290520153100297653001301828653001501841653001401856653000901870653001201879653001601891653001501907653002001922100001901942700002901961700002301990856006502013 2020 eng d a0944-1344, 1614-749900aComparative efficacy of permethrin 1%, lindane 1%, and dimeticone 4% for the treatment of head louse infestation in Iran0 aComparative efficacy of permethrin 1 lindane 1 and dimeticone 4  cSep-12-2020 a3506-35140 v283 a

Pediculosis capitis occurs worldwide. Children in the age group of 5-13 years are the ordinary victims. Population-based studies show that the prevalence of pediculosis is 1.6-13.4% in various regions of Iran. In this observer-blinded trial, we conducted a study to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of permethrin 1% and lindane 1% shampoos and dimeticone 4% lotion to cure head lice infestation in children aged 7-13 years in female primary schools in Ahvaz City, Iran. Children with head lice were randomized to receive each treatment. Two applications of permethrin 1% or dimeticone 4% were done, 1 week apart. However, lindane 1% was used just once for treatment cases. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. Recovery differences between the groups were tested using the chi-squared test. Four hundred forty-four louse-infested schoolgirls were randomly treated with them. Permethrin, lindane, dimeticone, and placebo produced the recovery rates 56.8, 31.5, 51.4, and 10.8% on day 2 post-treatment, respectively. Cure rates were in the permethrin group on days 8 and 15, respectively, 69.4 and 90.1%. The success rates were in the lindane group on days 8 and 15, respectively, 73 and 86.5%. The success rates were in the dimeticone group on days 8 and 15, respectively, 60.4 and 94.6%. It is recommended dimeticone lotion (4%) as a very effective and safe pediculicide for pediculosis control. With proper application, dimethicone can rapidly cure head lice infestation with minimal reinfestation.

10aChildren10aDimeticone10ahead lice10aIran10alindane10aPediculosis10aPermethrin10aPrimary schools1 aKassiri, Hamid1 aFahdani, Atefe, Ebrahimi1 aCheraghian, Bahman uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-020-10686-301547nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260001600230300001200246490000700258520094100265653001301206653001101219653001401230653001401244653001301258100002001271856005001291 2021 eng d a0030-998200aIndicators of child health in pastoral communities in the Karakoram and Hindukush mountains, Pakistan0 aIndicators of child health in pastoral communities in the Karako cJan-15-2021 a997-9990 v713 a

Pastoralism is practiced in remote parts of the Karakoram and Hindukush high mountains, which sprawl across Northern Pakistan, with women and children travelling to high pastures with their animals during summer. There is no road access; glaciers and hazardous terrain accentuate their remoteness. This was a cross-sectional observational study, carried out along Pakistan’s border with Afghanistan’s Wakhan province. A questionnaire was used to collect basic health data. Height / length, and weight were also measured; 35 children were included in the study. This paper offers preliminary conclusions about health indicators and access to health care. For children in the pastures, health care, and other amenities entail long and sometimes hazardous journeys. Living at high altitudes with their livestock, nutrition consists almost exclusively of wheat (roti) and dairy products. Continuous...

10aChildren10aHealth10amountains10anutrition10aPakistan1 aKakalia, Spenta uhttps://www.jpma.org.pk/article-details/1055702935nas a2200193 4500008004100000022002500041245004700066210004700113260001600160300001200176490000600188520235000194653001302544653001802557653001302575653001602588100001702604856012002621 2021 eng d a2454-2652, 2347-863200aEffectiveness of Neem Oil Upon Pediculosis0 aEffectiveness of Neem Oil Upon Pediculosis cDec-06-2021 a376-3780 v93 a

Background: It is widely accepted that the school environment favors in the spread of the infestation simply because it affords opportunity for continual close contact of children. So the investigator motivated to try out neem oil application and to see its effect in children with pediculosis. Neem oil is available locally, is of low cost and effective for treating head lice.

Objective: To test whether the neem oil is effective in the treatment of pediculosis among school children.

Methods: An experimental research approach with true experimental design was used. The present study was conducted in the Don Bosco Beatitudes Orphanage, Vyasarpady, for control group and Dazzling Stone Orphanage for experimental group, Kundrathur. The sample size was 60 and was selected through simple random sampling method, 30 were assigned to control group and 30 were assigned to experimental group. The investigator used a demographic variable proforma, degree of pediculosis, observational checklist on signs and symptoms of pediculosis, and interview schedule on knowledge regarding prevention of pediculosis and a rating scale on the level of satisfaction on application of neem oil.

Results In control group, there was no significant difference in the degree of pediculosis before neem oil application (M=2.70, SD=0.450) and after neem oil application (M=2.73, SD=0.450). In contrast, in the experimental group, degree of pediculosis was decreased (M=0.70, SD=0.466) when compared to the degree of pediculosis before neem oil application (M=2.73, SD=0.450). The difference was found to be statistically significant at p< 0.001 degree of pediculosis and it can be attributed to the effectiveness of neem oil application. Most of the children (73.3%) were highly satisfied and only a significant percentage of children (26.7%) were satisfied with the neem oil application in the experimental group.

Conclusion: It is possible to reduce pediculosis by the application of neem oil among school children.

 

See also the MSc thesis by the author : https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/node/96037

 

10aChildren10aEffectiveness10aNeem oil10aPediculosis1 aIssac, Lincy uhttps://ijanm.com/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=International+Journal+of+Advances+in+Nursing+Management%3bPID%3d2021-9-4-906477nas a2200289 4500008004100000245013400041210012600175300001000301490000600311520547400317653001305791653001305804653000905817653001605826653004305842100002005885700001905905700002205924700002205946700002505968700002005993700002206013700002706035700002106062700002406083856008006107 2021 eng d00aЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПЕДИКУЛЕЗА У ДЕТЕЙ В АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ0 aЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПЕДИКУЛЕЗА У ДЕТЕЙ В АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛ a47-520 v93 a

Paper in Russian

Аннотация
Цель исследования. Изучить и проанализировать эпидемиологическое состояние по педикулезу у детей Астраханской области за 2016 – 2020 гг.
Материалы и методы. На территории Астраханской области за период с 2016 по 2020 гг. зарегистрировано 1202553 случаев заражения человека инфекционными и паразитарными заболеваниями, из которых паразитарные инвазии составили 1,3% (15348 случаев). На долю педикулеза в структуре всех инфекционных заболеваний пришлось 0,4%, а в структуре всех паразитарных инвазий – 34,4% (5274 случая).
Результаты исследования. Как было отмечено ранее, за анализируемый период на территории г. Астрахани и Астраханской области было зарегистрировано 5274 случая педикулеза, из которых более половины случаев составили дети в возрасте до 17 лет.
Случаи педикулеза у детей регистрировались в возрасте от 6 мес. до 17 лет. Так, педикулез у детей в возрасте 6 – 12 мес. регистрировался в 0,4% (14 человек). На долю детей в возрасте от 1 года до 7 лет приходилось 19,4% (747 человек). Доля детей школьного возраста (7 – 17 лет) составила 80,2% (3087 человек).
Выводы: Педикулез в Астраханской области регистрируется ежегодно, о чем свидетельствуют приведенные выше цифры, наиболее часто встречаясь среди детей в возрасте до 17 лет. Заболеванию подвержены дети различных возрастов, наиболее чаще регистрируясь у детей школьного возраста (7 – 17 лет). Регистрируемые случаи педикулеза у детей в возрасте 6 – 12 мес. свидетельствуют об отсутствии у родителей гигиенических навыков либо имеет место семейный очаг, в котором один и/или оба родителя больны педикулезом. Наличие педикулеза у детей в возрасте 7 – 17 лет свидетельствует о большой скученности заболевших либо имеет место наличие эпидемического очага в классе или школе.

Ключевые слова: дети, педикулез, завшивленность, скученность, социально-бытовые условия проживания

English title: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PEDICULOSIS IN CHILDREN OF ASTRAKHAN OBLAST

Abstract
The aim of the article is to study and analyze the epidemiological state of pediculosis in children of Astrakhan Oblast for the period from 2016 to 2020.
Materials and methods. In Astrakhan Oblast, for the period from 2016 to 2020, 1202553 cases of human infection with infectious and parasitic diseases were registered, out of which parasitic infestations accounted for 1.3% (15348 cases). The share of pediculosis in the structure of all infectious diseases accounted for 0.4%, and in the structure of all parasitic infestations – 34.4% (5274 cases).
The results of the study. As it was noted earlier, during the analyzed period, 5274 cases of pediculosis were registered in the territory of Astrakhan and Astrakhan Oblast, out of which more than half of the cases were children under the age of 17. Cases of pediculosis in children were observed at the age of 6 months to 17 years. Pediculosis in children aged 6-12 months was registered in 0.4% (14 people). The share of children aged from 1 to 7 years accounted for 19.4% (747 people). Percentage of school-age children (7-17 years old) amounted to 80.2% (3087 people).
Conclusions: as evidenced by the figures shown above, pediculosis in Astrakhan Oblast is registered annually and most often occurrs among children under the age of 17 years. Children of various ages are susceptible to the disease, particularly school-age children (7-17 years old). The registered cases of pediculosis in children aged 6-12 months indicate that the parents do not possess necessary hygienic skills or there is a family source, in which one and/or both parents are sick with pediculosis. The presence of pediculosis in children aged 7-17 years indicates either a large crowding of patients or an epidemic focus in the classroom or school.

10aChildren10aCrowding10alice10aPediculosis10asocial and living conditions of living1 aIrdeeva, V., A.1 aShendo, G., L.1 aArakelyan, R., S.1 aKorolkova, V., S.1 aMaslyaninova, A., E.1 aRudchik, T., A.1 aNugmanova, A., R.1 aIsmukhambetova, M., M.1 aAshimova, K., M.1 aDzhumataeva, N., T. uhttps://research-journal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/9-111-2.pdf#page=4703982nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245013500055210006900190260001600259300001000275490000600285520322800291653001103519653001303530653001503543653001303558653001503571653001003586653001103596653001303607653001303620100002403633700002103657856003803678 2021 eng d a2167-835900aConcurrent anemia and stunting among schoolchildren in Wonago district in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis0 aConcurrent anemia and stunting among schoolchildren in Wonago di cMay-06-2021 a18 pp0 v93 a

Background Even if many schoolchildren in Ethiopia are anemic and stunted, few have studied the co-existence of anemia and stunting among schoolchildren in Ethiopia. In addition, multilevel analysis to explore the variation in prevalence of concurrent anemia and stunting (CAS) across schools and classes is rarely applied. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of CAS at the individual, household, and school level among schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia.

Methods We recruited 864 students aged 7–14 years from the Wonago district in southern Ethiopia using a three-stage random sampling, assigning four schools to level one, 24 classes to level two. We then randomly selected 36 children from each class, and recorded their weight, height, haemoglobin, intestinal helminthic infections, hygienic practices, dietary practices, household food insecurity, and socio-demographic information. A multivariate, multilevel logistic regression model was applied to detect potential risk factors for CAS.

Results The prevalence of CAS was 10.5% (85/810) among schoolchildren, which increased with age in years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.39 [95% confidence interval 1.13, 1.71, P = 0.002]) and among children who always did not wash their hands with soap after use of latrine (aOR 4.30 [1.21, 15.3, P = 0.02]). Children who walked barefoot (aOR 10.4 [2.77, 39.1, P = 0.001]), were infected with Trichuris trichiura (aOR 1.74 [1.05, 2.88, P = 0.03]), or had head lice infestation (aOR 1.71 [1.01, 2.92, P = 0.04]) had higher CAS prevalence. Prevalence rates of CAS were low in those using treated drinking water (aOR 0.32 [95% CI 0.11, 0.97, P = 0.04]). Most of the risk factors for CAS were identified at the individual level. The clustering effect measured by the intra-cluster correlation coefficient was 6.8% at school level and 19% at class.

Conclusion CAS prevalence is a moderate public health problem among schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia and varies across classes and schools. After controlling for clustering effects at the school and class levels, we found an association between CAS and increasing age, not always washing hands with soap after using latrine, walking barefoot, and T. trichiura infection. Using treated water for drinking was found to have a protective effect against CAS. Thus, educating children on personal hygiene and provision of safe drinking water could reduce the CAS burden in schoolchildren in rural areas of southern Ethiopia.

10aanemia10aChildren10aConcurrent10aEthiopia10aMultilevel10arural10aschool10asouthern10aStunting1 aAmare, Hiwot, Hailu1 aLindtjorn, Bernt uhttps://peerj.com/articles/11158/02146nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001300041245006200054210006200116260001200178300001400190490000700204520126600211653001401477653001301491653001101504100002401515700002401539700002201563700002401585700002601609700002201635700002201657700002101679700002301700700002101723700003301744856006701777 2019 eng d a1567134800aScalp microbiota alterations in children with pediculosis0 aScalp microbiota alterations in children with pediculosis c09-2019 a322 - 3310 v733 a

Pediculosis is a disease caused by the insect Pediculus humanus capitis that mainly occurs in childhood. A comparative study was carried out evaluating groups of schoolchildren with (group A) and without pediculosis (group B) to analyse the characteristics of the scalp microbiota. Samples were collected by swab using Stuart transport medium and incubate in Sabouraud dextrose agar with tetracycline to analyse the fungal microbiota and in blood agar to assess the bacterial microbiota. The isolates identity was confirmed by sequencing of the 16S and 18S regions of the ribosomal DNA gene for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The analysis of the 186 isolates led to the identification of 35 bacteria and 40 fungi in group A and 47 bacteria and 64 fungi in group B. The results indicate differences in bacterial and fungal species in the groups analysed. In the observed bacterial microbiota, Staphylococcus capitis occurred more frequently than Staphylococcus epidermidis in group A vs B. Among fungal isolates, Debaryomyces sp. was more frequent in group B vs A. Our findings showed scalp microbiota alterations in children with pediculosis, meriting future studies to analyse the relationship between these agents and their impact on human health.

10abacterial10aChildren10afungal1 aHaidamak, Juciliane1 aSantos, Germana, Dd1 aLima, Bruna, JFdS1 aSoares, Valéria, M1 ade Menezes, Raquel, V1 aBisson, Amanda, A1 aTalevi, Amanda, S1 aGomes, Renata, R1 aVicente, Vânia, A1 aValero, Maria, A1 aRocio-Klisiowicz, Débora, d uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S156713481930093004830nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210007100184260001300255300001200268490000600280520396700286653001304253653002104266653002104287653002104308100003504329700003004364700002804394700002704422700002904449700002804478856007004506 2017 eng d a2316-334800aESTUDO ETNOGRÁFICO: CONHECIMENTOS E SABERES DA FAMÍLIA E PROFESSORES SOBRE PEDICULOSE EM MICRORREGIÃO DE ARACAJU, SERGIPE0 aESTUDO ETNOGRÁFICO CONHECIMENTOS E SABERES DA FAMÍLIA E PROFESSO cJun 2017 a59 - 680 v63 a

Resumo

Trabalho de campo com abordagem qualitativa e uso do método etnográfico com objetivos avaliar a temática da pediculose capilar sob o contexto da Educação em Saúde na ambiência escolar em Aracaju/SE e analisar na percepção da família do escolar e professores, como o processo de infestação da pediculose capilar na criança é compreendido. Os grupos de observação foram 47 pais ou responsável legal e três professores dos escolares que cursavam as series infantil IV e V na Escola Municipal de Ensino Infantil de Aracaju. A coleta de dados deu-se através de entrevistas aplicadas aos professores que foram realizadas no espaço escolar e a dos pais e/ou responsáveis legais na unidade doméstica. Os dados qualitativos e as entrevistas foram submetidos à análise categorial subsidiadas nos conceitos de Bardin e Minayo que identificou a categoria conhecimentos e saberes da pediculose e agrupados nas subcategorias aspectos biológicos e aspectos de tratamento. Foram respeitados e assegurados os preceitos da resolução 466/2012 do comitê de ética e pesquisa (CEP) com aprovação sob CAAE 22751713.1.0000.5371. Neste artigo, foi possível conhecer, na percepção da família dos escolares e professores como estes lidam com o processo de infestação da pediculose capilar na criança e ainda refletir sobre a importância da relação da escola e família. O conhecimento e saberes articulam conceitos concretos e abstratos sobre a pediculose destacando a importância da ambiência não só na infestação do piolho, mas de maneira a afirmar que a escola e família devem estreitar suas relações.

Palavras-chave

Crianças; Educação em Saúde; Pediculus capitis; Infestações por piolho; Promoção da Saúde

English title: ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWLEDGE OF FAMILY AND TEACHERS ON PEDICULOSIS IN ARACAJU MICRO REGION, SERGIPE

Abstract

Field work with a qualitative approach and use of the ethnographic method with objective to evalu- ate the issue of hair lice under the Health Educa- tion in the context of school ambience in Aracaju/ SE and analyze the perception of the family and the school teachers, as the infestation process of hair lice in children is understood. The observation groups were 47 parents or legal guardian and three teachers of children who attended the children’s se- ries IV and V at the Municipal School of Child Educa- tion Aracaju. The data collection took place through interviews applied to teachers who were held at school and the parents and /or legal guardians in the house hold. Qualitative data and the interviews were submitted to categorical analysis subsidized the concepts of Bardinand Minayo that identified the category expertise and knowledge of pediculo- sis and grouped into subcategories and biological aspects of treatment. Were respected and ensured the precepts of Resolution 466/2012 of the Ethics and Research Committee (CEP) with approval under CAAE22751713.1.0000.5371. In this article, it was possible to know, in the perception of the families of students and teachers as they deal with the pro- cess of infestation of hair lice in children and still reflect on the importance of school and family re- lationship. The knowledge and learning articulate concrete and abstract concepts of pediculosis high- lighting the importance of ambience not only in in- festation of lice, but in order to say that the school and family should strengthen their relationships.

10aChildren10ahealth education10ahealth promotion10aLice infestation1 aPinheiro, Fernanda, Gomes de_M1 aVaez, Andréia, Centenaro1 aSantos, Lyvia, De Jesus1 aReis, Francisco, Prado1 aPereira, Jesana, Batista1 ade_Melo, Claudia, Moura uhttps://periodicos.set.edu.br/index.php/humanas/article/view/298003785nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260001400238300001400252490000700266520308700273653001303360653000903373653001603382653002203398100001803420700003003438700002703468856007203495 2017 eng d a0120-001100aPrevalence and variables associated with pediculosis capitis in kindergarten children from Popayán, Colombia0 aPrevalence and variables associated with pediculosis capitis in  cJuly 2017 a425 - 4280 v653 a

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis is a skin disease that affects the hair and scalp, and is caused by the Pediculus humanus capitis ectoparasite. High levels of infestation are reported worldwide, affecting especially children.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and the variables that are associated with pediculosis capitis in kindergarten children in Popayán, Colombia.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study based on a sample of 148 children aged between 1 and 5 years of age. Only the head was examined. Nits, nymphs and adult lice were mechanically removed using lice combs and wetting the hair, covering the frontotemporal, parietooccipital, mastoid and nuchal regions. An informed consent and a structured survey were filled out by each parent or guardian.
Results: The prevalence of pediculosis capitis in the studied population was 11.5%. The variables associated with ectoparasitosis were female sex, long hair (>3 cm) and scalp pruritus.
Conclusions: Pediculosis capitis is present and perpetuated in children from Popayán. Promotion, prevention and pediculicide treatment campaigns are strongly recommended.

Spanish title: Prevalencia y variables asociadas a la pediculosis capitis en un hogar infantil de Popayán, Colombia

Resumen

Introducción. La pediculosis capitis es una dermatosis que afecta el pelo y el cuero cabelludo; esta es causada por el ectoparásito Pediculus humanus capitis. La infestación presenta una distribución mundial y en su mayoría afecta a la población infantil. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia y las variables asociadas a la pediculosis capitis en un hogar infantil de Popayán, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 148 niños entre 1 y 5 años. Solo se examinó la cabeza y se realizó la remoción mecánica de liendres, ninfas y piojos adultos por medio de peines liendrera con el pelo húmedo siguiendo las áreas frontotemporal, parietooccipital, región mastoidea y nuca. Cada padre de familia o tutor a cargo diligenció un consentimiento informado y respondió una encuesta estructurada. Resultados. La prevalencia de pediculosis capitis en la población infantil estudiada fue del 11.5%. Las variables asociadas a la ectoparasitosis fueron sexo femenino, pelo largo (>3cm) y prurito del cuero cabelludo. Conclusiones. La pediculosis capitis está presente y se perpetúa en niños de Popayán. Se recomienda realizar campañas de promoción, prevención y desparasitación.


Palabras clave: Pediculosis; Piojos; Niños; Prevalencia (DeCS).

10aChildren10alice10aPediculosis10aprevalence (MeSH)1 aLópez, David1 aMedina, Ángela, Patricia1 aVásquez, Luis, Reinel uhttps://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revfacmed/article/view/5881202701nas a2200217 4500008004100000245014700041210006900188260001400257300001600271490000600287520197100293653002602264653001302290653001402303653001602317653002602333100002202359700002602381700003102407856004502438 2018 eng d00aComparative Efficacy of Three Control Protocols of Head Lice (Pediculus Humanus Capitis) Infesting Schoolchildren in Mashhad City, Iran0 aComparative Efficacy of Three Control Protocols of Head Lice iPe cJune 2018 a7803 - 78140 v63 a

Background: Head lice infestation constitutes a serious health problem in marginalized areas where schoolchildren and their families are mostly affected. This study aimed to compare 3 lice control protocols approved by Ministry of Health and Medical Education, based on 1% permethrin shampoo, 4% dimethicone lotion and (1:1) vinegar wet combing for the treatment of outpatients of Imam Reza
Hospital of Mashhad city (Iran).
Materials and Methods: The quasi-experimental before-and-after design was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of protocols, using SPSS software version 16.0. The study involved 154 infested individuals from both sexes during 2015 and 2016. The patients were clustered into 4-age categories; < 5 to >13-year-old and their demographics were recorded. The results were recorded on weekly basis by a hospital-based dermatologist and an entomologist. Application times of permethrin, dimethicone and vinegar were 8-10 min, 8 h and 20-30 min respectively.
Results: Age, gender, familly size and hair length were the most significant demographic variants involved in treatments outcomes at P ≤ 0.05. The protocols showed different efficacies a week after
intervention keeping the same trend to the end. The dimethicone treated group indicated the highest control levels (86% and 74%). The recovery rates at first endpoint were 86, 64.2 and 60.8%, and at the second endpoint were 74, 45.3 and 45.1% for dimethicone, permethrin and vinegar respectively. Dimethicone was 4.3 times more potent than either of vinegar or permethrin (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Pediculosis infected school age children of both sexes. Permethrin was as effective as
vinegar wet combing, but significantly weaker than dimethicone. Given its efficay on both adult and nit stages, dimethicone can be the drug of choice for pediculosis control.

10a4% dimethicone lotion10aChildren10ahead lice10aPediculosis10aPermethrin 1% lotion.1 aTashakori, Ghazal1 aDayer, Mohamad, Saaid1 aMashayekhi-Ghoyonlo, Vahid uhttp://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_10368.html02431nas a2200241 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137300001500206490000700221520165200228653001301880653002401893653001701917100001801934700001801952700002701970700002501997700002402022700002502046700002802071700002902099856006102128 2018 eng d00aPrevalence and Risk Factors of Pediculosis in Primary School Children in South West of Iran0 aPrevalence and Risk Factors of Pediculosis in Primary School Chi a1923 -19290 v473 a

Background: Pediculosis or louse infestation is a public health problem in many developing countries where the WHO`s primary health-care program is inefficient and haphazard. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Pediculus capitis infestation and its related risk factors in the primary school children in Andimeshk, Dezful and Shoosh counties; Khuzestan Province, Iran.
Methods: Overall, 28410 students in the age range of 7-11 years old in primary schools of North of Khuzestan Province, southern Iran were examined individually and privately under the flash light for all life cycle stages of lice or their nits in 2016. A questionnaire was filled for each school child before hair examination; then examination was carried out to detect head lice as well as eggs/nits.
Results: Overall, 2995 students (10.5%) were infested with pediculosis. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of pediculosis among the boys and girls students. The prevalence of infestation was also significantly (P<0.05) higher in students of living in nomad tribes (23.8%) in comparison of rural (12.4%) and urban areas (6.5%). Conclusion: Several risk factors significantly (P<0.05) related to pediculosis included gender of female, nomad habitat, parents education, father's occupation, having health staff, history of infestation and number of comb- ing per day. Increasing awareness and training of teachers and relatives, as well as for improving standards of personal health, can significantly reduce the prevalence of pediculosis.

10aChildren10aPediculosis capitis10arisk factors1 aNejati, Jalil1 aKeyhani, Amir1 aTavakoli_Kareshk, Amir1 aMahmoudvand, Hossein1 aSaghafipour, Abedin1 aKhoraminasab, Maryam1 aTavakoli_Oliaee, Razieh1 aMousavi, Seyed, Mohammad uhttp://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1552102848nas a2200253 4500008004100000022002300041245012200064210006900186260001500255300001200270490000700282520207000289653001102359653001302370653001702383653001502400653001202415100002502427700001502452700002002467700001602487700002202503856006902525 2018 eng d a(online) 2224-630400aHead lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae: Pediculus humanus capitis) infestations in children and adults in Israel0 aHead lice Phthiraptera Pediculidae iPediculus humanus capitisi i cApril 2018 a21 - 210 v483 a

Head lice infestation is a public health challenge even in developed nations, and 4–14-year old children are most affected; information regarding the infestation rates of adults in developed countries is scarce. an Internet-based survey on lice infestation was distributed to mothers in Israel and their responses were analyzed. out of 959 responders, 895 (93.3 %) were mothers (73.7 % with >12 years of education). mothers were more often infested (59.2 %) and more likely (3 times or more) to be infested during adulthood, compared to fathers or other family adults. mothers of three or more children were infested more often than those with 1 or 2 children. mothers who reported professional contact with chil- dren other than their own (child care staff, teachers etc.) were infested signifi­ cantly more often than those who did not report such contact. In families with more than one child, the eldest sibling was infested significantly more often than his/her brothers and/or sisters. In families in which the eldest child was infested at least once, the subsequent children were significantly more often in­ fested than children in families, where the eldest child was never infested. In 67.4 % of families with children of both genders, girls were infested more often than boys; in 42.1% of all-boy families with more than one boy, one of the boys was infested more often than his brothers, while in 47.6% of the all-girl families with more than one girl, one of the girls was infested more often than others. responsibility for head lice treatment rested primarily on the mother (78 %); in 18.8 % of families it was shared by both parents. a relatively large proportion of highly educated mothers from a developed country such as Israel self-report head lice infestation during adulthood. the article lists a series of re- commendations for health care and education authorities and professionals, aca- demic institutions, pharmaceutical companies and parents, aiming to diminish the national prevalence of head lice infestation.

10aadults10aChildren10aepidemiology10aHead louse10asurvey.1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y.1 aAlfi, Shir1 aFriger, Michael1 aAronson, E.1 aStein-Zamir, Chen uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94434.pdf00484nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006900041210006400110260000900174300001000183490000600193653001300199653002000212653001600232100000500248856007300253 2000 eng d00aHead lice: The gentle skill of Bug Busting ... fun without tears0 aHead lice The gentle skill of Bug Busting fun without tears c2000 a4 - 90 v510aChildren10acontrol, school10aPediculosis1 a uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46095.pdf01026nas a2200289 4500008004100000020001400041245002900055210002500084260001800109300000700127490000700134520028900141653002100430653001200451653001000463653001300473653001100486653004800497653002200545653001400567653002100581653001200602653002100614653001600635100002100651856006400672 2002 eng d a0954-776200aThe life of a head louse0 alife of a head louse aEnglandc2002 a540 v983 aWhen children return to school after the summer holiday, cases of head lice appear to increase. Ian Burgess describes the life cycle of the head louse and dispels some of the myths about transmission of this insect. A second article discusses the detection and treatment of head lice.10aAge Distribution10aanimals10achild10aChildren10ahumans10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/transmission10aLife Cycle Stages10aPediculus10ascalp dermatoses10aSeasons10aSex Distribution10aSex Factors1 aBurgess, Ian, F. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/life-head-louse00388nas a2200145 4500008004100000245002300041210002300064260000900087300001200096490000700108653001300115653001600128100002500144856007300169 1991 eng d00aChildren draw lice0 aChildren draw lice c1991 a58 - 590 v4110aChildren10aPediculosis1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44574.pdf00780nas a2200265 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260000900195300001400204490000700218653001300225653001100238653000800249653001600257653001100273100002500284700002300309700001600332700001700348700002300365700001600388700001900404700001800423856007300441 1992 eng d00aHead lice in Israeli children: Parent's answers to epidemiological questionnairs0 aHead lice in Israeli children Parents answers to epidemiological c1992 a333 - 3440 v1810aChildren10aIsrael10apdf10aPediculosis10aSurvey1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y.1 aMiller, Jacqueline1 aGofin, Rosa1 aAdler, Bella1 aBen-Ishai, Fiameta1 aAlmog, Ruth1 aKafka, Dorothy1 aKlaus, Sidney uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44562.pdf00555nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260000900182300000800191490000700199653001300206653001000219653001600229653001800245100001600263856010600279 1948 eng d00aPhthirus pubis infestation of the scalp and cilia in young children0 aPhthirus pubis infestation of the scalp and cilia in young child c1948 a2740 v5710aChildren10acrabs10aPediculosis10aPthirus pubis1 aGoldman, L. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/phthirus-pubis-infestation-scalp-and-cilia-young-children00615nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260000900196300001400205490000700219653001300226653001000239653001600249653001800265100001600283700002100299856011300320 1941 eng d00aInfection of the scalp and cilia with Phthirus pubis in a nineteen month old baby0 aInfection of the scalp and cilia with Phthirus pubis in a ninete c1941 a344 - 3460 v6110aChildren10acrabs10aPediculosis10aPthirus pubis1 aGoldman, L.1 aFriedman, L., S. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/infection-scalp-and-cilia-phthirus-pubis-nineteen-month-old-baby00484nas a2200205 4500008004100000245002300041210002300064260000900087300001400096490000700110653000800117653001200125653001300137653001200150653001400162653001300176653001000189100001600199856006300215 1934 eng d00aDelousing the head0 aDelousing the head c1934 a397 - 3980 v4810aart10acapitis10aChildren10ahistory10aPediculus10aTroester10aweird1 aRuhräh, J. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/delousing-head00460nas a2200169 4500008004100000245003200041210003200073260000900105300001400114490000700128653001300135653001600148653001100164100001900175700002300194856007300217 1998 eng d00aHead lice in schoolchildren0 aHead lice in schoolchildren c1998 a288 - 2890 v7810aChildren10aPediculosis10aschool1 aIbarra, Joanna1 aHall, David, M. B. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38748.pdf00886nas a2200253 4500008004100000245005500041210005500096260000900151300001400160490000800174520021900182653001200401653001300413653000900426653001200435653001600447653000900463653001700472653001400489653001100503653001400514100001600528856008800544 1996 eng d00aModel for the control of Pediculus humanus capitis0 aModel for the control of Pediculus humanus capitis c1996 a283 - 2880 v1103 aThis study outlines a strategy for the control of head lice infestation in school children; supported by up to date epidemiological data collected over an 8 year period illustrating the benefits of such a strategy.10acapitis10aChildren10ahead10ahumanus10aInfestation10alice10anotification10aPediculus10aschool10aTreatment1 aVermaak, Z. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/model-control-pediculus-humanus-capitis01865nas a2200289 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260000900182300001400191490000700205520104300212653001201255653001301267653001701280653001201297653001601309653001101325653000901336653001601345653001401361653001101375653000801386100001801394700002101412700002901433856011301462 1996 eng d00aPrevalence of head louse infestation among Russeifa school children0 aPrevalence of head louse infestation among Russeifa school child c1996 a604 - 6070 v173 a

Objective: This study is aimed at studying the prevalence and contributing factors of head lice among schoolchildren. Methods: To calculate the prevalence, all students (3440) in the study area in Al Russeifa were screened for head lice infestation. To study the contributing factors, structured questionaires were filled out by the researchers for 484 students (232 who were infested and the rest were free from head lice). Results: The overall prevalence of head lice was 6.7%% (232 of 3440). The prevalence of pediculosis capitis was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among secondary school children, aged 15-18 years, 7.4% (166 of 2240) than primary school children, 6-14 years, 5.5% (66 of 1200) and among the secondary school boys 11% (126 of 1140) than secondary school girls 3.6% (40 of 1100). The prevalence was influenced by age, sex, family size, house occupancy and father's employment. Conclusions: Head lice is a serious public health problem among school children in Jordan. Control measures are badly needed.

10acapitis10aChildren10aepidemiology10ahumanus10aInfestation10aJordan10alice10aPediculosis10aPediculus10aschool10avar1 aRabi, Atallah1 aAl-Khateeb, Nimr1 aAbo-Shehada, Mahmoud, N. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/prevalence-head-louse-infestation-among-russeifa-school-children02566nas a2200481 4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260000900184300001400193490000600207520136300213653000901576653001201585653001301597653001201610653000801622653001201630653000901642653001201651653001601663653001101679653001201690653001001702653001001712653001401722653002201736653000801758653001601766653001401782653001501796653001401811653001501825653001001840653001201850100002501862700002101887700002301908700002501931700001801956700002301974700001801997856006902015 1995 eng d00aPermethrin resistance in the head louse Pediculus capitis from Israel0 aPermethrin resistance in the head louse Pediculus capitis from I c1995 a427 - 4320 v93 a

Head lice, Pediculus capitis, were collected from children aged 3-12 years in Maale Adumin, a town near Jerusalem, after reports of control failure with the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin. A total of 1516 children were examined: living lice and eggs were found on 12.1% of the children; or another 22.8% of the children only nits were found. Twice as many girls as boys (8.1% v 4%) were infested with lice and or nits. Head lice collected from infested children were exposed to permethrin impregnated filter-papers. Log time probit mortality (Itp) regression lines were calculated for mortality data and compared to Itp lines for a similar collection of head lice made in 1989. The regression lines for the two years were significantly different, with a 4-fold decrease in susceptibility at the LT(50) level between 1989 and 1994. The slopes of the lines also suggested that the 1994 population was more heterogenous in its response to permethrin than the 1989 population. In contrast, a laboratory population of body lice (Pediculus humanus) tested with the same batch of permethrin- impregnated papers showed a slight but nonsignificant increase in susceptibility between 1989 and 1994. The results suggest that resistance to pyrethroids has developed rapidly among head lice since permethrin was introduced in 1991 as a pediculicide in Israel.

10abody10acapitis10aChildren10aControl10aDDT10aDiptera10ahead10ahumanus10ainsecticide10aIsrael10alindane10alocus10alouse10amechanism10amusca domestica l10apdf10aPediculosis10aPediculus10aPermethrin10aPyrethrum10aresistance10arinse10ashampoo1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y.1 aHemingway, Janet1 aMiller, Jacqueline1 aIoffe-Uspensky, Inna1 aKlaus, Sidney1 aBen-Ishai, Fiameta1 aGalun, Rachel uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/40221.pdf00903nas a2200265 4500008004100000245018900041210006900230260000900299300001400308490000700322653002000329653001300349653001700362653001400379653001200393653002500405653001600430653002200446653001700468653002700485653001100512100002100523700002000544856007300564 1994 eng d00aSexually transmitted diseases in children - non viral including bacterial vaginosis, Gardnerella vaginalis, mycoplasmas, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, scabies and pubic lice0 aSexually transmitted diseases in children non viral including ba c1994 a208 - 2140 v7010aabused children10aChildren10acolonization10aDiagnosis10agenital10ahemophilus vaginalis10amycoplasmas10aSarcoptes scabiei10atransmission10aureaplasma urealyticum10avagina1 aRobinson, A., J.1 aRidgway, G., L. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38496.pdf01273nas a2200217 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260000900231300001400240490000700254520059900261653001300860653001100873653000800884653001600892653001100908100002200919700001600941700002500957856007300982 1993 eng d00aRelationship of sociodemographic variables and head lice infestation among elementary school children in Bet Shemesh0 aRelationship of sociodemographic variables and head lice infesta c1993 a177 - 1830 v393 a

Fifty-seven children infested with live lice and eggs and 57 noninfested controls, ages 6-11, attending an elementary school in Bet Shemesh, a medium-sized community near Jerusalem, were compared. Children of fathers with fewer years of schooling, children whose fathers were born in Israel, and children of younger mothers were all at higher risk of infestation. However, head-lice infestation was not significantly associated with gender of the child, father's and mother's occupations, mother's years of schooling, size of the family, or number of siblings under age 14.

10aChildren10aIsrael10apdf10aPediculosis10aschool1 aRosenfeld, Judith1 aManor, Orly1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38441.pdf01355nas a2200229 4500008004100000245003600041210003600077260000900113300001200122490000700134520078400141653001300925653000900938653001600947653000900963653001400972100002000986700001301006700001501019700001401034856007701048 1993 eng d00aPediculosis capitis in Istanbul0 aPediculosis capitis in Istanbul c1993 a30 - 320 v323 aBackground. Pediculosis capitis is a worldwide problem. We studied the prevalence of this infestation in Istanbul. Methods. We reviewed the records of the Dermatology Clinic of istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty from a 20-year period (1970-1989). Results. The number of cases of pediculosis capitis have gradually increased over this period, with a peak in 1981. Women are more involved than men. There has been a significant increase in cases in children of school and pre- school ages. Conclusions. Many factors may have contributed to this increase: poor hygiene and socioeconomic conditions, lack of medical training, and probably some resistance to pediculicide preparations in the lice. The stigma attached to the disease may prevent people from coming forward.10aChildren10ahead10aInfestation10alice10aPediculus1 aAydemir, E., H.1 aUnal, G.1 aKutlar, M.1 aOnsun, N. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/pediculosis-capitis-istanbul00487nas a2200169 4500008004100000245005100041210005100092260000900143300001200152490000700164653001300171653000800184653001600192653001100208100002500219856007300244 1991 eng d00aHead lice in drawings of kindergarten children0 aHead lice in drawings of kindergarten children c1991 a25 - 320 v2810aChildren10apdf10aPediculosis10aschool1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38346.pdf00848nas a2200277 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260000900215300001400224490000700238653001300245653001700258653000800275653001600283653003000299653001100329100002500340700002300365700001600388700001700404700002300421700001600444700001900460700001800479856007300497 1990 eng d00aEpidemiologic studies on head lice infestation in Israel .1. parasitological examination of children0 aEpidemiologic studies on head lice infestation in Israel 1 paras c1990 a502 - 5060 v2910aChildren10aepidemiology10apdf10aPediculosis10aPediculus humanus capitis10aschool1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y.1 aMiller, Jacqueline1 aGofin, Rosa1 aAdler, Bella1 aBen-Ishai, Fiameta1 aAlmog, Ruth1 aKafka, Dorothy1 aKlaus, Sidney uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38304.pdf00495nas a2200169 4500008004100000245005400041210005400095260000900149300001400158490000600172653001300178653001200191653000800203653001600211100002500227856007300252 1999 eng d00aPrevention and treatment of head lice in children0 aPrevention and treatment of head lice in children c1999 a211 - 2180 v110aChildren10aControl10apdf10aPediculosis1 aMumcuoglu, Kosta, Y. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/37845.pdf