02544nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245011500054210006900169260001200238300001200250490000700262520177100269653001702040653001202057653001602069653000802085653002202093653002202115100002302137700002202160700002002182700002102202856006702223 2017 eng d a0968432800aComparative study of the claws of Pediculus humanus capitis between archaeological and modern specimens0 aComparative study of the claws of iPediculus humanus capitisi be c04-2017 a31 - 340 v953 a

Highlights

Metric data of the claws of archaeological specimens of Pediculus humanus capitis (dating between 1500 B.C. and A.D. 1500) and modern lice specimens coming from school children were analyzed and compared. Both sets of samples come from Arica in northern Chile. The overall sample is comprised of 14 archaeological specimens (6 females and 8 males) of Pediculus humanus capitis and 22 modern specimens (13 females and 9 males). All specimens were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), uncoated, using variable pressure mode. The objective of this study was to metrically analyze the first couple of clutches of ancient and modern adult lice specimens (width and length of the tibio-tarsal claw and tarsus length) to test if morphological changes have taken place throughout time in these anatomical elements.

We found that archaeological male and female specimens presented significant differences in the tibiotarsal width (right and left). When comparing data between archaeological and modern male specimens, statistically significant differences were found in almost all the parameters studied, except for the right tarsal length. On the other hand, archaeological and modern female specimens showed no statistically significant change in the variables studied. In brief, our data suggest that modern male specimens have undergone a process of claw reduction, but females have maintained the same dimensions.

10aMorphometric10aMUMMIES10aPediculosis10aSEM10aSexual dimorphism10aVariable pressure1 aNúñez, Hipólito1 aArriaza, Bernardo1 aStanden, Vivien1 aAravena, Natalia uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096843281730017302303nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260001200247300001600259490000700275520139600282653001501678653001501693653002501708653004801733653002201781100002301803700002301826700002201849700002201871700002001893700002201913856010201935 2017 eng d a0022-258500aIdentification of Novel Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Mutations in Human Head and Body Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae)0 aIdentification of Novel VoltageGated Sodium Channel Mutations in c05-2019 a1337 - 13430 v543 a

In recent years, the increase of head louse infestation in Iran (7.4%) and especially in West-Azerbaijan Province (248%) has raised the hypothesis of insecticide resistance development. There are different mechanisms of re- sistance to various groups of insecticides, and knockdown resistance (kdr) is a prominent mechanism of resis- tance to pyrethroids, an insecticide group which is used conventionally for pediculosis control. For detection of kdr-type well-known amino acid substitutions (M815I–T917I–L920F) and additional sodium channel mutations potentially associated with kdr resistance in head and body lice, louse populations were collected from West- Azerbaijan and Zanjan Provinces of Iran. Six novel mutations were found to be located in the IIS1-2 extracellular loop (H813P) and IIS5 (I927F, L928A, R929V, L930M, and L932M) of the a-subunit. Genotyping results showed that all specimens (100%) have at least one of these or the well-known mutations. Therefore, the presence of kdr-related and novel mutations in the sodium channel is likely to be the reason for the frequent use of pyre- throid insecticides due to treatment failure against lice. Further studies are now required to evaluate the preva- lence of the kdr-like mutant allele for monitoring of insecticide resistance and the management of head and body lice in other provinces of the country.

10abody louse10aHead louse10aknockdown resistance10anovel voltage-gated sodium channel mutation10asequence analysis1 aFirooziyan, Samira1 aSadaghianifar, Ali1 aTaghilou, Behrooz1 aGalavani, Hossein1 aGhaffari, Eslam1 aGholizadeh, Saber uhttp://academic.oup.com/jme/article/54/5/1337/3855130/Identification-of-Novel-VoltageGated-Sodium00409nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006700041210006500108300000800173490000800181100001600189700002400205856005800229 2017 eng d00aPeripilar keratin cysts or pseudonits: When nits are not nits!0 aPeripilar keratin cysts or pseudonits When nits are not nits a7000 v1451 aRawat, Ritu1 aMahajan, Vikram, K. uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5644309/04830nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210007100184260001300255300001200268490000600280520396700286653001304253653002104266653002104287653002104308100003504329700003004364700002804394700002704422700002904449700002804478856007004506 2017 eng d a2316-334800aESTUDO ETNOGRÁFICO: CONHECIMENTOS E SABERES DA FAMÍLIA E PROFESSORES SOBRE PEDICULOSE EM MICRORREGIÃO DE ARACAJU, SERGIPE0 aESTUDO ETNOGRÁFICO CONHECIMENTOS E SABERES DA FAMÍLIA E PROFESSO cJun 2017 a59 - 680 v63 a

Resumo

Trabalho de campo com abordagem qualitativa e uso do método etnográfico com objetivos avaliar a temática da pediculose capilar sob o contexto da Educação em Saúde na ambiência escolar em Aracaju/SE e analisar na percepção da família do escolar e professores, como o processo de infestação da pediculose capilar na criança é compreendido. Os grupos de observação foram 47 pais ou responsável legal e três professores dos escolares que cursavam as series infantil IV e V na Escola Municipal de Ensino Infantil de Aracaju. A coleta de dados deu-se através de entrevistas aplicadas aos professores que foram realizadas no espaço escolar e a dos pais e/ou responsáveis legais na unidade doméstica. Os dados qualitativos e as entrevistas foram submetidos à análise categorial subsidiadas nos conceitos de Bardin e Minayo que identificou a categoria conhecimentos e saberes da pediculose e agrupados nas subcategorias aspectos biológicos e aspectos de tratamento. Foram respeitados e assegurados os preceitos da resolução 466/2012 do comitê de ética e pesquisa (CEP) com aprovação sob CAAE 22751713.1.0000.5371. Neste artigo, foi possível conhecer, na percepção da família dos escolares e professores como estes lidam com o processo de infestação da pediculose capilar na criança e ainda refletir sobre a importância da relação da escola e família. O conhecimento e saberes articulam conceitos concretos e abstratos sobre a pediculose destacando a importância da ambiência não só na infestação do piolho, mas de maneira a afirmar que a escola e família devem estreitar suas relações.

Palavras-chave

Crianças; Educação em Saúde; Pediculus capitis; Infestações por piolho; Promoção da Saúde

English title: ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY: KNOWLEDGE AND KNOWLEDGE OF FAMILY AND TEACHERS ON PEDICULOSIS IN ARACAJU MICRO REGION, SERGIPE

Abstract

Field work with a qualitative approach and use of the ethnographic method with objective to evalu- ate the issue of hair lice under the Health Educa- tion in the context of school ambience in Aracaju/ SE and analyze the perception of the family and the school teachers, as the infestation process of hair lice in children is understood. The observation groups were 47 parents or legal guardian and three teachers of children who attended the children’s se- ries IV and V at the Municipal School of Child Educa- tion Aracaju. The data collection took place through interviews applied to teachers who were held at school and the parents and /or legal guardians in the house hold. Qualitative data and the interviews were submitted to categorical analysis subsidized the concepts of Bardinand Minayo that identified the category expertise and knowledge of pediculo- sis and grouped into subcategories and biological aspects of treatment. Were respected and ensured the precepts of Resolution 466/2012 of the Ethics and Research Committee (CEP) with approval under CAAE22751713.1.0000.5371. In this article, it was possible to know, in the perception of the families of students and teachers as they deal with the pro- cess of infestation of hair lice in children and still reflect on the importance of school and family re- lationship. The knowledge and learning articulate concrete and abstract concepts of pediculosis high- lighting the importance of ambience not only in in- festation of lice, but in order to say that the school and family should strengthen their relationships.

10aChildren10ahealth education10ahealth promotion10aLice infestation1 aPinheiro, Fernanda, Gomes de_M1 aVaez, Andréia, Centenaro1 aSantos, Lyvia, De Jesus1 aReis, Francisco, Prado1 aPereira, Jesana, Batista1 ade_Melo, Claudia, Moura uhttps://periodicos.set.edu.br/index.php/humanas/article/view/298002933nas a2200193 4500008004100000245006000041210005900101520231600160653000902476653001602485653001302501653001302514100002602527700002702553700002402580700002902604700003302633856007302666 2017 eng d00aLa pediculosis en México: una historia que no concluye0 aLa pediculosis en México una historia que no concluye3 a

Resumen
La pediculosis capitis es causada por el piojo que parasita la cabeza del ser humano, padecimiento resurgido a últimas fechas, convirtiéndose en un problema de salud pública. Es una dermatosis parasitaria común en niños de edad escolar, sin embargo, no excluyen otros niveles educativos, afectando lo psicológico y académico. Actualmente los piojos están presentes en el alumnado de escuelas de todo el país, como en Sonora, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Tabasco, Guerrero y el Distrito Federal. Se advierte que hay reportados al menos doce brotes de pediculosis en Guadalajara, once en Lagos de Moreno, nueve en Zapopan, tres en Zapotlanejo, dos en El Salto, dos en Villa Hidalgo y uno en Tonalá, Tlaquepaque, Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos y Colotlán, respectivamente. El objetivo de este documento es un tema de revisión documental donde se describe la génesis de la pediculosis y la situación actual de esta problemática en los escolares de México, a partir de los reportes en los periódicos en línea y noticieros televisivos.
Palabras clave: Pediculosis, piojos, estudiantes, escuelas.

Paper in Spanish

Abstract

The pediculosis capitis, is caused by the louse which lives on the human being`s head. This ailment has reappeared lately, transforming it in a public health problem. It is a parasitical skin disease common in children of scholar age, although it doesn`t exclude other educative levels, affective them psychologically and academically. At this moment the lice are present in the students of all schools in the country, such as Sonora, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Tabasco, Guerrero, and D.F. It is seen that there are reported at least twelve of pediculosis in Guadalajara, eleven in Lagos de Moreno, nine in Zapopan, three in Zapotlanejo, two in El Salto, two in Villa Hidalgo, Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos and Colotlán, respectively. The objective of this article is to describe the genesis of the pediculosis and the present situation of this problem in the Mexican scholars, based on the reports of the media.

10alice10aPediculosis10aschools.10aStudents1 aValle-Barbosa, M., A.1 aMuñoz-de_la_Torre, A.1 aVega-López, M., G.1 aGonzález-Pérez, G., J.1 aFlores-Villavicencio, M., E. uhttps://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=7685501508nas a2200193 4500008004100000022004100041245010200082210006900184300001400253490000600267520084400273653000901117653002401126653001401150100002001164700002401184700003601208856007001244 2017 eng d a2073-8854 (Print) 2311-6544 (Online)00aPrevalence of pediculosis capitis (head lice) and treating among children in Al- Najaf city, IRAQ0 aPrevalence of pediculosis capitis head lice and treating among c a179 - 1830 v93 a

The offers study has been conducted to estimate the prevalence of pediculosis ( head lice) among children and some treatment and socio-economic conditions and factors for the infestation in Al- Najaf city during 2016 from 906 children age range (7-12) years school children randomly then a comparison was made among four treatment to assessment pediculicidal products action ; permethrin 1%, deltamethrin 0.75%, metamethrin 0.3 and dimethicone 92%.The total number of infestation was 147(14%) the most frequent (42.17) in (7-8) age group ,the pruritis symptoms associated with infection (61%). pediculicidal action dimethicone was 100%,permethrin was 80%,metmethrin was 79% and pediculosis resistance to deltametherin was 70%.The poor socio –economic aspect has important role in infestation of this helminth among children.

10aIraq10aPediculosis capitis10aTreatment1 aSalih, Huda, A.1 aShamran, Shimaa, J.1 aAl-shimerty, Dhigram, F. Hassan uhttp://www.uokufa.edu.iq/journals/index.php/ajb/article/view/684302489nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162520180800231653002602039653000902065653001602074653001902090653001402109100002802123700001802151700001602169700002502185700002902210856004402239 2017 eng d00aHead Lice Infestation (Pediculosis) and Associated Factors among Primary School Girls in Sirik County, Southern Iran0 aHead Lice Infestation Pediculosis and Associated Factors among P3 a

Background
Head lice infestation (pediculosis) is a serious health problem that can cause a high level of anxiety and psychological frustration, especially in developing countries. Socio-demographic factors are important determinants of the occurrence of head lice infestation. This study aimed to determine the head lice infestations and the factors affecting the rate of infestation in primary school girls.
Materials and Methods
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 358 school girls from two urban and three rural primary school girls in Sirik County, Southern Iran, were randomly selected. For the diagnosis of head lice infestation, students were examined carefully by visual inspection of the scalp and hair for the presence of lice. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and associated factors of head lice infestation. SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze the data.
Results
The prevalence of head lice infestation among primary school girls was 56.15%. There were significant associations between head lice infestation and age (p<0.05), school grade (p= 0.045), family size (p=0.048), parents' literacy (p=0.001), father’s job (p<0.05), residential environments (p=0.014), and history of lice infestation in one family member (p=0. 001).
Conclusion
The head lice infestation is one of the major public health problems in primary school girls of Sirik County. It seems that improvement of socio-economic conditions and also health education programs about head lice infestation for primary school girls and their parents could significantly reduce the prevalence of head lice infestation in this area.

10aHead lice infestation10aIran10aPediculosis10aprimary school10aStudents.1 aSanei-Dehkordi, Alireza1 aSoleimani, M.1 aZare, Mehdi1 aMadani, Abdolhossein1 aJamshidzadeh, Abdolraoof uhttp://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_9342.html02911nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245014900055210006900204300001600273490000600289520233300295100001902628700002302647700001802670856006502688 2017 eng d a2349-775000aINVESTIGATION OF THE PREVALENCE OF HEAD LICE (Pediculus capitis) IN THE WEST OF AHVAZ COUNTY, SOUTHWESTERN IRAN: A DESCRIPTIVE- ANALYTICAL STUDY0 aINVESTIGATION OF THE PREVALENCE OF HEAD LICE Pediculus capitis I a4263 - 42710 v43 a

Objectives: Head louse (Pediculus capitis) is a major health challenge in many parts of the globe. Pediculosis capitis is a serious infestation related to the communities with poor hygiene. The aim of the present research was to determine some epidemiological and demographic features of human head louse in the western area of Ahvaz, Southwestern.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional research was done on the patients with head louse infestation who referred to the western Ahvaz Health Center during 2010- 2014. A patient was defined as being infested by the presence of nits or live lice. Data collection was done by questionnaires and physical examination of the hairs. Analysis was done by Chi-square test, using SPSS software version 18. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Totally, 21000 children and adolescents were screened and 7148 people (%34) were infected by pediculosis. The overall prevalence of head lice infestation was 2.36 per 1000 population during the five- year period. The most prevalent rate was observed in 2014 (35.2%) and the lowest prevalence rate was observed in 2010 (11.9%). A statistical significant correlation was observed between Pediculosis capitis and age, gender, month, history of infestation and residence place (P<0.05). About 18.1% of those infested with pediculosis had a previous history of this infestation. Approximately 1.9% of the males and 98.1% of the females were infested to head lice. Pediculosis capitis infestations were highest (60.2%) in subjects aged 6-10 and lowest in those aged less than six (5%). The most prevalent rate of infestation was observed in urban areas (77.4%). The prevalence of pediculosis was higher in the winter (50.3%) than other seasons. Most of the cases were found in March (20.5%) and February (16.2%).
Conclusions: Individuals aged 6-10 years old were most often infested with pediculosis capitis, which could be due to their head to head contact and their age. Meanwhile, girls were 52.9 times more likely to have head lice infestation than boys. The educational system should clarify all of people from all families to play a more effective role to eliminate head louse infestation among populations.

1 aKassiri, Hamid1 aFarhadinejad, Reza1 aLotfi, Masoud uhttp://www.iajps.com/pdf/november2017/69.IAJPS69112017-1.pdf02030nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005700112260000900169300000900178490000600187520136800193653001201561653001401573653001101587653001501598653001301613100002101626700001901647700002001666856011401686 2017 eng d a1989-521600aPrevalence of Pediculosis among Students in Pakistan0 aPrevalence of Pediculosis among Students in Pakistan c2017 a3 pp0 v93 a

Background: Head louses, commonly known as Pediculosis, is an infestation of the skin caused by a parasite known as Pediculus humanus capitis. Head louses are more common among crowded families, having poor hygiene and poor living condition. It can be easily transmitting from infected to healthy person.
Methodology: This study was conducted in district Mardan of Pakistan. In this study, 202 head louse patients from 30 schools (15 males and 15 female’s elementary schools) were examined. A questionnaire was designed for data collection.
Results: The occurrence of head louse was excessive among students having indigent living situation (78.7%), as compare to those students having good living condition (21.3%). Head louse rate was high (82.7%) among students with more than five family members living together. This study confirms that head louse rate was abundant in students having poor hygiene (72.8%). Head louses were more prevalent among students whose parents are illiterate (39.6%). This study shows that most functional treatment method was medication (72.3%).
Conclusion: Results showed that head louses were common among students who need proper responsiveness. Its prevalence can be lowered by improving hygiene, living condition, and by educating people.

10aFactors10ahead lice10aMardan10aPrevalence10aStudents1 aTufail, Muhammad1 aKhan, Muhammad1 aHassan, Ishtiaq uhttp://www.archivesofmedicine.com/medicine/prevalence-of-pediculosis-among-students-in-pakistan.php?aid=1898202227nas a2200217 4500008004100000022004200041245013900083210006900222300001000291490000700301520130300308653004901611653000701660653002601667653001101693653000801704100003201712700002501744700002301769856021701792 2017 eng d a1992-0849 (Print), 2616-6801 (Online)00aHead lice infestation among local and displaced secondary school girls and its effect on some haematological parameters in Kirkuk city0 aHead lice infestation among local and displaced secondary school a10 pp0 v123 a

Background: Head lice infestation is one of the most important health problems throughout of the world. The species which cause pediculosis in humanus beings is Pediculus humanus capities.
Objectives: The aim of the current study is to estimate the distribution of head lice among local and displaced secondary school girls to assess haemoglobin and packed cell volume in Kirkuk city.
Methods: The hair of all students was examined by researchers and blood samples were drawn from each student for determination of haemoglobin concentration and PCV percentage.
A questionnaire form was filled for each student including personal and family information. The student t-test was used to show significant difference of PCV and Hb between lice infested and non infested students.
Results: The overall rate of head lice infestation among secondary students girls was 34.7% (displaced 42.7% and local 26.7%). The highest rate of infestation was among 16-18 years and lowest was among 13-15 years. The highest rate in displaced students was among middle educated status, while in local students among low educated status. The PCV and Hb values in infested girls were lower than non- infested ones.

10adisplaced and local secondary girls students10aHb10aHead lice infestation10aKirkuk10aPCV1 aKadir, Mohammad, Abdul-Aziz1 aTaher, Huda, Mawlood1 aAli, Iqbal, Sameen uhttp://uokirkuk.edu.iq/kujss/index.php/archives/64-kujss-2017-vol-12-no-4/555-head-lice-infestation-among-local-and-displaced-secondary-school-girls-and-its-effect-on-some-haematological-parameters-in-kirkuk-city00519nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245005900055210005400114260001500168300001400183490000700197520003100204653001400235100001900249856009300268 2017 eng d a1660-937900aPOUX DE TÊTE!: CINQ ANS APRÈS, COMMENT LES TRAITER!?0 aPOUX DE TÊTE CINQ ANS APRÈS COMMENT LES TRAITER cApril 2017 a874 - 8750 v133 a

Article in French

10ahead lice1 aNau, Jean-Yves uhttps://www.revmed.ch/RMS/2017/RMS-N-559/Poux-de-tete-cinq-ans-apres-comment-les-traiter04358nas a2200229 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260001400187300001300201490000700214520366500221653002503886653001903911100002303930700002103953700002203974700002003996700001804016700002104034700002004055856005304075 2017 eng d00aFirst insights in the variability of Borrelia recurrentis genomes0 aFirst insights in the variability of iBorrelia recurrentisi geno cSept 2018 ae00058650 v113 a

Abstract

Background
Borrelia recurrentis is the causative agent of louse-borne relapsing fever, endemic to the Horn of Africa. New attention was raised in Europe, with the highest number of cases (n = 45) reported among migrants in 2015 in Germany and sporadically from other European countries. So far only one genome was sequenced, hindering the development of specific molecular diagnostic and typing tools. Here we report on modified culture conditions for B. recurrentis and the intraspecies genome variability of six isolates isolated and cultured in dif- ferent years in order to explore the possibility to identify new targets for typing and examine the molecular epidemiology of the pathogen.
Methodology/Principal findings
Two historical isolates from Ethiopia and four isolates from migrants from Somalia (n = 3) and Ethiopia (n = 1) obtained in 2015 were cultured in MPK-medium supplemented with 50% foetal calf serum. Whole DNA was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology and analysed using the CLC Genomics Workbench and SPAdes de novo assembler. Compared to the reference B. recurrentis A1 29–38 SNPs were identified in the genome distributed on the chromosome and plasmids. In addition to that, plasmids of differing length, compared to the available reference genome were identified.
Conclusions/Significance
The observed low genetic variability of B. recurrentis isolates is possibly due to the adapta- tion to a very conserved vector-host (louse-human) cycle, or influenced by the fastidious nature of the pathogen and their resistance to in vitro growth. Nevertheless, isolates obtained in 2015 were bearing the same chromosomal SNPs and could be distinguished from the historical isolates by means of whole genome sequencing, but not hitherto used yping methods. This is the first study examining the molecular epidemiology of B. recurren- tis and provides the necessary background for the development of better diagnostic tools.

Author summary

Louse-borne relapsing fever, as the name suggests, is the only relapsing fever transmitted by lice, and caused by the spirochaete Borrelia recurrentis. Today it is endemic to the Horn of Africa, but due to the cosmopolitan nature of the vector, the pathogen still bears epi- demic potential to spread globally among vulnerable populations. The most recent account of that has been observed among migrants arriving to Europe in 2015. Up to date, only one strain was sequenced, thus hampering the development of species-specific typing tools. We employed state-of-the-art high-throughput sequencing to six B. recurrentis iso- lates obtained at different time-points and currently available in culture. Our aim was to address the question of genome variability of this pathogen at the highest resolution and provide information necessary for the development of specific typing tools. B. recurrentis has highly conserved genomes, differing in 29–38 SNPs compared to the reference genome B. recurrentis A1, all identified outside the loci currently developed and used for relapsing fever Borrelia typing. Therefore, applying these typing methods would render them indistinguishable, while at the SNP level we found a distinction between isolates obtained in 2015 from migrants and the two historical isolates. Our data provide first insights in the genome variability and baseline information necessary for further studies of the molecular epidemiology of the pathogen and for the development of improved diagnostic tools.

10aBorrelia recurrentis10aDNA sequencing1 aMarosevic, Durdica1 aMargos, Gabriele1 aWallich, Reinhard1 aWieser, Andreas1 aSing, Andreas1 aFingerle, Volker1 aCoburn, Jenifer uhttps://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.000586502025nas a2200229 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260001400236300001000250490000600260520127800266653001501544653002201559100002201581700001901603700003101622700002601653700003301679700002001712700002201732856004101754 2017 eng d00aOrientation of Head Lice on Human Hosts, and Consequences for Transmission of Pediculosis: The Head Lice Movement Studies0 aOrientation of Head Lice on Human Hosts and Consequences for Tra cJune 2017 a11 pp0 v23 a

We performed head lice movement studies to elucidate factors influencing orientation and movement of head lice. Studies included observation of lice movements on hand and forearm at different positions of the upper limb; movements exposed to unshaved and shaved forearm; and movements with and without antennae. In 57 of 60 (95.0%) observations while holding the hand down, lice moved proximal, and 3 (5%) distal. While holding the hand up, 37/60 (61.7%) moved proximal, and 23 (38.3%) distal (p < 0.0001). On the unshaved limb, 29/30 (96.7%) moved proximal, with clockwise movements in 26/30 (86.7%). After shaving, 9/30 (30%) walked proximal and 18 (60%) distal, with 12/30 (40%) clockwise movements. After antennectomy, while holding the hand up, 16/25 (64%) lice did not move, 1 (4%) walked proximal, and 8 (32%) distal. While handing the hand down, 17/25 (68%) did not move, 5 (20%) walked proximal, and 3 (12%) distal. Transmission of head lice may not only occur by head-to-head contact, but also via head-to-body contact, with movement to the head against gravitational pull. Surface factors of hand and forearm may be important in orientation for lice, in addition to gravity. Movement of lice against gravity is not governed by organs in the antennae.

10aentomology10aHead lice biology1 aHeukelbach, Jörg1 aAsenov, André1 aAraújo_Oliveira, Fabíola1 aAraújo_de_Melo, Iana1 aDos_Santos_Queiroz, Jéssica1 aSpeare, Richard1 aUgbomoiko, U., S. uhttp://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/2/2/1103785nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260001400238300001400252490000700266520308700273653001303360653000903373653001603382653002203398100001803420700003003438700002703468856007203495 2017 eng d a0120-001100aPrevalence and variables associated with pediculosis capitis in kindergarten children from Popayán, Colombia0 aPrevalence and variables associated with pediculosis capitis in  cJuly 2017 a425 - 4280 v653 a

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis is a skin disease that affects the hair and scalp, and is caused by the Pediculus humanus capitis ectoparasite. High levels of infestation are reported worldwide, affecting especially children.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and the variables that are associated with pediculosis capitis in kindergarten children in Popayán, Colombia.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study based on a sample of 148 children aged between 1 and 5 years of age. Only the head was examined. Nits, nymphs and adult lice were mechanically removed using lice combs and wetting the hair, covering the frontotemporal, parietooccipital, mastoid and nuchal regions. An informed consent and a structured survey were filled out by each parent or guardian.
Results: The prevalence of pediculosis capitis in the studied population was 11.5%. The variables associated with ectoparasitosis were female sex, long hair (>3 cm) and scalp pruritus.
Conclusions: Pediculosis capitis is present and perpetuated in children from Popayán. Promotion, prevention and pediculicide treatment campaigns are strongly recommended.

Spanish title: Prevalencia y variables asociadas a la pediculosis capitis en un hogar infantil de Popayán, Colombia

Resumen

Introducción. La pediculosis capitis es una dermatosis que afecta el pelo y el cuero cabelludo; esta es causada por el ectoparásito Pediculus humanus capitis. La infestación presenta una distribución mundial y en su mayoría afecta a la población infantil. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia y las variables asociadas a la pediculosis capitis en un hogar infantil de Popayán, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 148 niños entre 1 y 5 años. Solo se examinó la cabeza y se realizó la remoción mecánica de liendres, ninfas y piojos adultos por medio de peines liendrera con el pelo húmedo siguiendo las áreas frontotemporal, parietooccipital, región mastoidea y nuca. Cada padre de familia o tutor a cargo diligenció un consentimiento informado y respondió una encuesta estructurada. Resultados. La prevalencia de pediculosis capitis en la población infantil estudiada fue del 11.5%. Las variables asociadas a la ectoparasitosis fueron sexo femenino, pelo largo (>3cm) y prurito del cuero cabelludo. Conclusiones. La pediculosis capitis está presente y se perpetúa en niños de Popayán. Se recomienda realizar campañas de promoción, prevención y desparasitación.


Palabras clave: Pediculosis; Piojos; Niños; Prevalencia (DeCS).

10aChildren10alice10aPediculosis10aprevalence (MeSH)1 aLópez, David1 aMedina, Ángela, Patricia1 aVásquez, Luis, Reinel uhttps://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revfacmed/article/view/5881202704nas a2200217 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126520202600195653003302221653000902254653000902263653001602272653001102288653001902299100003002318700002802348700002402376700002202400700001902422856004502441 2017 eng d00aEvaluation of Treatment with Squill Vinegar in 10 Patients with Head Pediculosis0 aEvaluation of Treatment with Squill Vinegar in 10 Patients with 3 a

Background: Head lice infestation is a major global health challenge which greatly affects school-aged children. This infestation has different rate in different regions of Iran from 0.9% to 30%. In spite of the diversity of Pediculosis treatments, it still has a high prevalence in the country and it becomes regularly epidemic. In Iranian traditional medicine, "Squill vinegar" is one of the most effective medicines for the treatment of head lice. The objective of this report is the provision of an effective treatment for patients that are resistant to the treatment of head lice according to the perspective of traditional medicine in Iran.

Case Presentation: Ten 12-14 year old female students with treatment-resistant head lice (based on National Lice Care Guideline (2015) used Squill vinegar locally for one week after using permethrin shampoo twice. Examinations were done on 2nd, 7th and 14th days. Two patients were excluded owing to lack of follow-up. Infestation was not observed in 4 patients in 7th and 14th days examinations. In two cases, infestation was significantly reduced (75%) in 7th and 14th days. In all cases, the itchiness was gone.

Conclusion: Public interest, proper acceptance on the part of the patient, presence of scientific evidence, easier access and fewer side effects have made medicinal herbs to be the center of attention for many therapists. World Health Organization has also considered the research on medicinal plants with a long history of consumption to be allowed on humans with acceptance of specific directives and criteria. Accordingly, indigenous experiences including long-term use of the plants and "historical-cultural medicine" contexts can be considered as the starting point for such studies. This report stresses the effectiveness of Squill vinegar in the treatment of head Pediculosis resistant to treatment and recommends its implementation in school health units.

10aIranian Traditional Medicine10alice10aNits10aPediculosis10aSquill10aSquill Vinegar1 aAbdolhosseini, Shahrbanoo1 aMokaberinejad, Roshanak1 aAlianNezhadi, Vahid1 aBozorgi, Mahbubeh1 aNazem, Esmaeel uhttp://www.ajcrtam.ir/article_24888.html02439nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163300001200232490000700244520174700251653001601998653002402014653001502038653001502053653002802068100002702096700002002123700001802143856006002161 2017 eng d a0300-528300aPrevalence and predictors of pediculosis capitis among primary school children in Hulu Langat, Selangor0 aPrevalence and predictors of pediculosis capitis among primary s a12 - 170 v723 a

Background: Pediculosis infestation is endemic both in developing and developed countries leading to various physical, economical and psychological consequences. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and predictors of pediculosis capitis among primary school children, Hulu Langat District, Malaysia.

Material and Methods: An analytic cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling method was carried out in Hulu Langat District, Malaysia. A self-administered pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data among children aged 7 - 12 years old. Hair and scalp examination was also carried out. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for potential confounding.

Results: The overall mean age of the 1, 336 respondents was 9.3 years. Majority of the respondents were males (52.8%) and Malays (79.5%), and 81.3% of the fathers and 77.3% for the mothers had at least a secondary education. The overall prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 15.3%. The prevalence of pediculosis was significantly higher among females (28.4%) compared to males (3.7%, p=0.001).  Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age 10 years or more (odds ratio (OR) 2.34, 95% CI: 1.67-3.27), female gender (OR 10.26, 95% CI: 6.62-15.90), history of contact with an infested person (OR 2.11, 95% CI= 1.51-2.96), being Indian (OR 3.55, 95% CI: 1.28-9.86), and Malay (OR 2.59, 95% CI: 0.99-6.77) had higher odds of pediculosis capitis infection.

Conclusions: Prevalence of pediculosis capitis among children aged 7 - 12 years in Hulu Langat District was high. There is a need for screening and treatment of pediculosis capitis in primary schools.

10aHulu Langat10aPediculosis capitis10aPredictors10aPrevalence10aPrimary School Children1 aTohit, Nor, Faiza Mohd1 aRampal, Lekhraj1 aLye, Mun-Sann uhttp://www.e-mjm.org/2017/v72n1/pediculosis-capitis.pdf01453nas a2200349 4500008004100000022001400041245005500055210005400110260001600164300001400180490000700194520050300201653002500704653001100729653001000740653001000750653003400760653000900794653001300803653001200816100002100828700001900849700002500868700001800893700002800911700002300939700001700962700002200979700002301001700002401024856005501048 2017 eng d a0300-812600aLouse-borne relapsing fever in a refugee from Mali0 aLouseborne relapsing fever in a refugee from Mali cJan-06-2017 a373 - 3760 v453 a

Introduction Due to the increasing number of refugees from East Africa, louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) has become an emergent disease in Europe. No single case of LBRF has been reported in Europe in refugees from other parts of Africa.
Case report We report a case of LBRF in a refugee from Mali, likely acquired in Libya, where several migration routes into Europe meet. The disease must be considered in any febrile refugee regardless the country of origin.

10aBorrelia recurrentis10aEurope10afever10aLibya10aLouse-borne recurrentis fever10aMali10aMigrants10aRefugee1 aGrecchi, Cecilia1 aZanotti, Paola1 aPontarelli, Agostina1 aChiari, Erika1 aTomasoni, Lina, Rachele1 aGulletta, Maurizio1 aBarbui, Anna1 aCaligaris, Silvio1 aMatteelli, Alberto1 aCastelli, Francesco uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s15010-017-0987-200510nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119260000900188300001400197490000700211100001500218700001700233700001200250700001500262700002000277856004300297 2017 eng d00aAn outbreak of pubic louse infestation on the scalp hair of elderly women0 aoutbreak of pubic louse infestation on the scalp hair of elderly c2017 ae79 - e800 v311 aEto, Ayaka1 aNakamura, M.1 aIto, S.1 aTanaka, M.1 aFurue, Masutaka uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jdv.1373802404nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260000900256300000900265490000600274520168600280653005801966100002502024700001602049856016902065 2017 eng d a2329-873100aLindane Shampoo for Head Lice Treatment among Female Secondary School Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: An Interventional Study0 aLindane Shampoo for Head Lice Treatment among Female Secondary S c2017 a4 pp0 v53 a

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of head lice infestation, effectiveness of over-the-counter treatment options, and the effectiveness and safety of lindane shampoo among female Saudi Arabian secondary school students.
Methods: This study was conducted in October-November 2016 in two secondary schools each from the northern and southern parts of Jeddah. Investigators completed a standardized questionnaire. Students’ hair and scalps were examined manually for head lice or scalp lesions. Students with head lice infestation were asked to use 1% lindane shampoo.
Results: Of the 337 students examined, 106 (31%) were infested with live lice and eggs; 55% and 45% were from northern and southern schools, respectively (P=0.02). Among students who shared a comb and those who did not, the prevalence rates of head lice were 67% (n=28) and 33% (n=14), respectively. A history of head lice was more prevalent among students with positive head lice test results (49%) than among those with negative results (40%; P<0.04). A significantly lower number of students with head lice infestation had dark skin color (2/106; 1.9%) than light skin color. Moreover, 70/106 students used over-the-counter pyrethrin-containing pediculicide shampoos (22 [31%] responders, 48 [69%] non-responders). Furthermore, 93/106 (88%) responded to lindane shampoo whereas 13/106 (12%) did not (P ≤ 0.05), with no neurotoxicity reported.
Interpretation: Pediculicide shampoo resistance is common among Saudi Arabian students, and lindane shampoo is a safe and effective treatment.

10aHead lice; Student; Lindane; Pediculicide; Resistance1 aAl-Abdullah, Nabeela1 aKaki, Reham uhttps://www.longdom.org/abstract/lindane-shampoo-for-head-lice-treatment-among-female-secondary-school-students-in-jeddah-saudi-arabia-an-interventional--16855.html07519nas a2200193 4500008004100000245004200041210004200083260007300125300000800198490000800206520696200214653001107176653001807187653001807205653001507223653001107238100002407249856005207273 2017 eng d00aSusceptibility aspects to Pediculosis0 aSusceptibility aspects to Pediculosis aCuritiba, Paraná, Brazil.bFederal University of Paranac30-11-2017 a1090 vPhD3 a

Title: Aspectos de susceptibilidade à pediculose

Resumo: A pediculose, doença causada pelo artrópode Pediculus humanus capitis é considerada um problema de saúde pública, pois afeta milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, no entanto, crianças em idade escolar são as mais acometidas. É de conhecimento popular que alguns indivíduos são mais suscetíveis à parasitose que outros, porém, fatores inerentes ao hospedeiro, que podem influenciar na suscetibilidade à essa doença não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi isolar e identificar a microbiota do couro cabeludo e analisar se determinadas caracteríscas da morfologia do cabelo (tipo, cor, comprimento, escamas e diâmetro) podem interferir na predisposição à doença. Para a análise da microbiota do couro cabeludo, 10 crianças com pediculose (grupo A) e 10 crianças sem pediculose (grupo B) foram analisadas. As amostras da microbiota do couro cabeludo foram coletadas através de swabs que foram friccionados na cabeça e acondicionados em meios de transporte Stuart. O isolamento da microbiota fúngica foi feito em Ágar Sabouraud (SBA) com tetraciclina e o isolamento bacteriano foi feito em ágar sangue. A identificação molecular foi realizada através de sequenciamento da região 16S e ITS do DNA ribossomal bacteriano e fúngico, respectivamente. Um total de 186 isolados foram obtidos sendo 35 bactérias e 40 fungos (grupo A) e 47 bactérias e 64 fungos (grupo B). Os resultados sugerem que a microbiota isolada pode estar envolvida na suscetibilidade à pediculose. Em relação à microbiota bacteriana, no grupo A, Staphylococcus captis foi significativamente diferente (P<0.01) em relação Sthaphylococcus epidermidis presente no grupo B. Dentre os fungos isolados, foi observado que Debaryomyces sp. foi o fungo mais frequente (15,6%) no grupo B e (2,5%) no grupo A (P<0.01). No grupo B, ocorreu uma maior diversidade em relação ao grupo A. Essa diversidade foi demonstrada pela presença de bactérias como Staphylococcus hominis (2,1%), Klebsiella oxytoca (4,2%), Pseudomonas stutzeri (4,2%), Acinetobacter nosocomialis (2,1%), e Bacillus muralis (4,2%), enquanto que no grupo A, apenas Pseudomonas sp. (5,7%) e Phychrobacter sp. (2,8%) foram encontrados. Desta forma, acredita-se que a diversidade da microbiota do couro cabeludo pode interferir na preferência do piolho. Em relação às análises das características dos fios de cabelo, das 154 crianças analisadas, através da regressão logística multivariada, O cabelo encaracolado é aquele que apresenta o maior risco de pediculose, quando comparado com o gênero, idade e cabelos longos. O cabelo escuro também está associado ao risco de pediculose. Acredita-se que que a cor escura facilitaria a camuflagem de piolhos em cabelos escuros. Assim, meninas de cabelo comprido, escuro, encaracolado, escamas estreitas e diâmetro do fio de cabelo menor apresentaram maior risco para a pediculose. Referente a prevalência de piolhos, das 658 crianças (338 meninas e 320 meninos) analisadas, as meninas estavam mais infestadas (54,1%) que meninos (36,8%) (P> 0,05). No entanto, quando comparado os grupos etários, meninos com idades de 2-3 anos estavam mais infestados que as meninas. Palavras-chave: Piolho; cabelo; bactérias; fungos e prevalência.

Abstract:Pediculosis, a disease caused by the arthropod Pediculus humanus capitis is considered a public health problem as it affects millions of people around the world. However, school children are the most affected. It is popular knowledge that some individuals are more susceptible to parasitosis than others, but factors inherent to the host that may influence the susceptibility to this disease are not well understood. In this context, the objective of the present study was to isolate and identify the scalp microbiota and to analyze if certain characteristics of hair morphology (scales, type, color, length and diameter) may interfere with predisposition to the disease. For analysis of the scalp microbiota, 10 children with pediculosis (group A) with 10 children without pediculosis (group B) were analyzed. Samples of the scalp microbiota were collected through swabs that were rubbed on the children's heads and packed into Stuart transport medium. Isolation of the fungal microbiota was done in Sabouraud Agar (SBA) with tetracycline and bacterial isolation was done on blood agar. Sequencing was done for the 16S and 18S region of the bacterial and fungal ribosomal DNA, respectively. A total of 186 isolates were obtained from group A, from these 35 bacteria and 40 fungi and for group B, 47 bacteria and 64 fungi were isolated. The results suggest that the isolated microbiota may be involved in pediculosis susceptibility. In relation to the bacterial microbiota, in group A, Staphylococcus capitis was significantly different (p <0.01) in relation to Staphylococcus epidermidis present in group B. Among the isolated fungi, it was observed that Debaryomyces sp. was the most frequent fungus (15.6%) in group B and (2.5%) in group A (p <0.01). In group B occurred in a higher diversity in relation to group A, demonstrated by the presence of bacteria such as Staphylococcus hominis (2.1%), Klebsiella oxytoca (4.2%), Pseudomonas stutzeri (4.2%), Acinetobacter nosocomialis (2.1%), and Bacillus muralis (4,2%), while in group A only Pseudomonas sp. (5.7%) and Phychrobacter sp. (2.8%) were found. Thus, it is believed that the diversity of the scalp microbiota may interfere with the preference of the lice. Regarding the analyzes of hair characteristics by multivariate logistic regression, of the 154 children analyzed, the curly hair is the one that presents the highest pediculosis risk, even exceeding the gender and age. In this study, it was observed that dark hair is also associated with the risk of pediculosis. It is believed that a higher percentage of dark-colored lice would facilitate the camouflage of dark-colored lice. So, girls with long, dark, curly hair, narrow scales and smaller hair diameter presented greater risk for pediculosis. Regard to the prevalence of lice, of the 658 children (338 girls and 320 boys) analyzed, the girls were more infested (54.1%) than boys (36.8%) (P> 0.05). However, when compared to age groups, boys aged 2-3 years were more infested than girls. Keywords: Head lice; hair; bacterium; fungi and prevalence

 

10aFungos10aMicrobiologia10aParasitologia10aPediculose10aPiolho1 aHaidamak, Juciliane uhttps://acervodigital.ufpr.br/handle/1884/5314700398nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007000041210006800111300001600179490000700195100002500202856006100227 2017 eng d00aPediculosis in School Sitting: What Is the Role of School Nurses?0 aPediculosis in School Sitting What Is the Role of School Nurses a1301 - 13020 v461 aAlbashtawy, Mohammed uhttp://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/1101000603nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245002500054210002500079300001200104490000700116653001500123653001500138653001600153653001500169100002600184700002800210700002800238700002700266700002500293856006700318 2017 eng d a0190962200aPeripilar hair casts0 aPeripilar hair casts aS3 - S40 v7610aDermoscopy10aHair casts10aPediculosis10apseudonits1 aCampos-Muñoz, Lucía1 aFueyo-Casado, Alejandro1 aCarranza-Romero, Carmen1 aGonzalez-Guerra, Elena1 aLópez-Bran, Eduardo uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S019096221502390701636nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245006700055210006700122300001600189490000800205520105100213653002401264653001701288653002401305100002301329700001701352700001801369856005501387 2017 eng d a0932-011300aFlammability testing of 22 conventional European pediculicides0 aFlammability testing of 22 conventional European pediculicides a1189 - 11960 v1163 a

Abstract Lice have been parasitizing humans for at least 10,000 years. Since then, humans have tried to rid themselves of these unpleasant and potentially disease-carrying insects. Despite various plant extracts and chemical compounds being used to combat recurring infestations to this date, several lice populations have developed resistance to some of the abun- dantly used compounds. This resulted in the development of anti-louse products that physically kill the different lice stages. Today, a widely used group of delousing agents are dimethicones (polydimethylsiloxane PDMS) which function by suffocating the lice. However, many dimethicones and re- lated products are highly flammable which makes them po- tentially dangerous for treatment. In the present study, we tested the flammability of 22 delousing agents in order to shed some light onto this currently unresolved problem in the prod- uct design of pediculicides. Thirteen products were easily ig- nitable, some even by distant contact with a sparkler.

10aAnti-louse products10aDimethicones10aHead lice treatment1 aDörge, Dorian, D.1 aKuhn, Thomas1 aKlimpel, Sven uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-017-5396-z04808nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245013700054210006900191300001400260490000700274520410700281653001404388653001304402653001704415100001804432700002504450700001504475700001804490700001704508856006504525 2017 eng d a1300632000aIn vitro Investigation of the Pediculicidal Activities of the Volatile Oil Components of Some Medical Plants Raised in Turkey0 aiIn vitroi Investigation of the Pediculicidal Activities of the  a208 - 2130 v413 a

Türkiye’deki Bazı Endemik Bitkilerin Uçucu Yağ Komponentlerinin Pedikülosidal Aktivitelerinin in vitro İncelenmesi

Amaç: Baş biti enfestasyonuna neden olan Pediculus capitis’in, piyasada bulunan kimyasal insektisitlere karşı direnç kazanması ve bu insektisitlerin sık tekrarlayan kullanımlarında oluşabilecek toksisite nedeniyle bitkisel ürünlerin pedikülosidal etkilerine ilişkin araştırmalar giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de yetiştirilen Türk Gülü (Rosa damascena), Itır (Pelargonium graveolens), Lavanta (Lavandula angustifolia), Adaçayı (Salvia triloba), iki farklı tür kuşdili (Rosmarinum officinalis), Bergamot (Citrus bergamia), Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), Limon (Citrus limonum) ve Hint limonu (Cy- mbopogon flexuosus) olmak üzere toplam 10 tıbbi bitkiden elde edilen uçucu yağların in vitro pedikülosidal etkinliğini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Okul çocuklarından canlı olarak toplanan baş bitleri başlangıçta yetişkinler ve nimfler olarak gruplandırılmış ve en uygun koşullar- da (27°C, %50 nem) muhafaza edilmiştir. Her uçucu yağ için yedi erişkin ve yedi nimf bir petri kutusuna bir tutam saç ve filtre kağıdı ile birlikte ayrı ayrı konulmuş ve daha sonra bu ekstratlar bit üzerine damlatılmıştır.
Bulgular: Bitin dış (anten, bacaklar) ve iç (orta bağırsak, bağırsak) organlarının aktif hareketleri takip edilmiş ve 5 dakikadan başlanarak 24 saat boyunca canlılıkları kontrol edilmiştir. Ölüm zamanı aktif hareketlerin kaybedilmesi ve bitlerin bağırsak faaliyetlerinin durdurulması olarak tanımlandı. Sonuçlar Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) istatistik programı versiyon 15 ile analiz edildi.
Sonuç: Rosmarinus officinalis’in (kuşdili, 2 farklı kemotipin) uçucu yağının diğer yağlardan daha etkili olduğu gözlendi.
Anahtar kelimeler: Baş biti, Pediculus capitis, uçucu yağlar, in vitro

ABSTRACT
Objective: The human head louse Pediculus capitis has recently acquired resistance to commercially available insecticides, which has ex- panded the search concerning the pediculicidal activities of some herbal products. The present study aimed to assess the in vitro pediculi- cidal activities of volatile oils extracted from 10 medical plants raised in Turkey: Rosa damascena (red provins rose), Pelargonium graveolens (geranium), Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Salvia triloba (salvia), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary; two different chemotypes), Citrus ber- gamia (citrus tree), Cymbopogon nardus (citronella), Citrus limonum (lemon), and Cymbopogon flexuosus (lemongrass).
Methods: Head lice obtained from school children in Manisa Province were initially grouped as adults and nymphs and were then kept under optimal conditions (temperature of 27°C and humidity of 50%). A pinch of hair and filter paper were placed in Petri dishes and seven adults and seven nymphs were separately put in Petri dishes. The extracts obtained from each volatile oil were dropped on the lice specimens.

Results: The active movement of the external (antenna and legs) and internal (midgut and intestine) organs of the lice was monitored and recorded starting from 5th min for 24 hours by 10 to 30 minutes intervals. The time of death was defined as the loss of active movement and cessation of intestinal activities of lice. The results were analyzed using Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versiyon 15. Conclusion: The results showed that the volatile oil of Rosmarinus officinalis (two different chemotypes) was more effective than the other oils.

10ahead lice10aIn Vitro10avolatile oil1 aLimoncu, Emin1 aBalcıoğlu, Cüneyt1 aOyur, Tuba1 aZeybek, Gizem1 aZeybek, Ulvi uhttp://turkiyeparazitolderg.org/eng/makale/1053/70/Full-Text02949nas a2200229 4500008004100000245006100041210006100102300001200163490000700175520227400182653001402456653001602470653001002486653001402496653001602510653002202526100001802548700003002566700002702596700002702623856006902650 2017 eng d00aActualización y perspectiva integrada de la pediculosis0 aActualización y perspectiva integrada de la pediculosis a38 - 480 v253 a

Update and integrated perspective of pediculosis

RESUMEN
La pediculosis es la infestación de la piel y el cuero cabelludo más frecuente en humanos. Esta dermatosis es causada por el ectoparásito Pediculus capitis, cono- cido popularmente como “piojo” y, en la mayoría de los casos, se transmite por contacto directo con una persona infestada.
Esta enfermedad muestra una amplia distribución mundial y, aunque nadie está exento de contraerla, afectaparticularmente a la población infantil, tradu- ciéndose en ausentismo, bajo rendimiento escolar y problemas desde el perfil psicosocial del paciente.
Si bien la pediculosis no parece tener mayor importancia clínica, puede oca- sionar complicaciones graves; por la falta de conocimiento entre la población y las dificultades en su control, debería considerarse un problema de salud pública en Colombia.
Se describen los hallazgos más recientes de la biología molecular delos piojos, su ciclo de vida, las manifestaciones clínicas, la técnica idónea para su identifica- ción, las opciones terapéuticas disponibles y la resistencia a las mismas.

Palabras clave: pediculosis, piojos, Pediculus capitis, infestación, mole- cular, Colombia.

SUMMARY
Pediculosis is the most common cutaneous and scalp infestation in human beings. This skin disease is caused by Pediculus capitis, an ectoparasite collo- quially known as “louse”, transmitted in the majority of cases through direct con- tact with an infested person.
Pediculosis has a worldwide distribution, it affects particularly the infant popu- lation and causes absenteeism from school, low academic performance and diffi- culties in psychosocial profile of patients.
Even though pediculosis does not have major clinical importance, it may cause serious complications due to lack of knowledge among the population and diffi- culties in its control strategies, this diseaseshould be taken into account as a pu- blic health problemand concern in Colombia.

 

10aColombia.10aInfestation10alouse10amolecular10aPediculosis10aPediculus capitis1 aLópez, David1 aMedina, Ángela, Patricia1 aMosquera, Sara, Lucía1 aVásquez, Luis, Reinel uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94506.pdf04872nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169300000800238490000700246520417800253653001004431653001704441653002204458653001104480653001804491653001704509100002904526700002504555856007404580 2017 eng d a0120-415700aPediculus capitis in schoolchildren of the urban area of Nuevo León, México: Analyses of associated factors0 aPediculus capitis in schoolchildren of the urban area of Nuevo L a3330 v373 a

Introducción. La pediculosis capitis es un problema recurrente que afecta anualmente de 6 a 12 millones de niños; no existen datos epidemiológicos en el estado de Nuevo León, y en México son escasos, por lo cual se necesitan estudios fundamentados para diseñar estrategias de control basadas en los factores que predisponen a la infestación por piojos.
Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de Pediculus capitis en niños de educación primaria para detectar factores de riesgo y conocer las características individuales y las condiciones socioeconómicas asociadas estadísticamente con la infestación.
Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 840 escolares de seis municipios, previa firma del consentimiento informado por parte de los padres y de los niños. Los ectoparásitos se recolectaron en cada niño infestado utilizando un peine fino. Los participantes contestaron una encuesta que incluía variables individuales y socioeconómicas, como la edad, el sexo, el grado escolar, las características del cabello, el hacinamiento y la pediculosis en hermanos, entre otras.
Resultados. La prevalencia de pediculosis capitis en los niños fue de 28 % (235/840), con una mayor prevalencia en las niñas (33,7 %; 140/417); los niños del quinto grado (10 a 11 años) fueron los más afectados (6,2 %; 52/840). El sexo femenino, el cabello largo y el nivel escolar de los padres se asociaron significativamente con la pediculosis capitis.
Conclusiones. Los resultados demostraron que la prevalencia de pediculosis capitis en Nuevo León es una de las más altas de México y que es un problema real de salud pública, por lo cual es importante establecer programas de prevención en la escuela y en el hogar para disminuirla o controlarla con la ayuda de las autoridades de salud pública.
Palabras clave: infestaciones por piojos/epidemiología; niño; factores de riesgo; salud pública; México.

Pediculus capitis in schoolchildren of the urban area of Nuevo León, México: Analyses of associated factors

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis is a recurring problem affecting 6 to 12 millions of children annually; there are no epidemiological data on this subject in the state of Nuevo León, and there are few in México. Therefore, new contributions are needed to design control strategies based on factors that may predispose to head lice infestation.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Pediculus capitis in primary school children and to evaluate risk factors and individual or socioeconomic characteristics statistically associated with infestation.

Materials and methods: We included 840 schoolchildren from six municipalities after parents and children signed an informed consent. Ectoparasites were collected from infested children using a fine- toothed comb. Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire on individual and socioeconomic variables including age, gender, education, hair characteristics, overcrowding, and siblings with pediculosis, among others.
Results: The overall prevalence of head lice in schoolchildren was 28% (235/840), the highest prevalence was among girls (33.7%, 140/417), and children from the fifth grade (10-11 years old) were the most affected (6.2%; 52/840). Female gender, long hair and the father’s education level were significantly associated with P. capitis.

Conclusion: Our results showed that the P. capitis prevalence in Nuevo León is one of the highest in Mexico, that it constitutes a real public health problem, and that there is need to establish prevention programs at home and school to decrease or to control P. capitis with the support of public health authorities.

10achild10aepidemiology10alice infestations10amexico10apublic health10arisk factors1 aMolina_Garza, Zinnia, J.1 aGalaviz_Silva, Lucio uhttp://www.revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/331102191nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001300041245014100054210006900195300001200264490000700276520137100283653002701654653001601681653001501697653003601712653001501748100003201763700003001795700003701825700003001862856006901892 2017 eng d a2586819500aFormulation of pediculicidal hair cream from the petroleum ether leaf extract of Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi (Fam. Fabaceae)0 aFormulation of pediculicidal hair cream from the petroleum ether a75 - 850 v443 a

Pediculosis, commonly referred to as head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation, is common and endemic worldwide. However, exposure to the current standard treatment such as permethrin and pyrethrin can cause neurotoxicity especially when misused and resistance to these chemicals has been a concern. This study aimed to develop a pediculicidal hair cream using the petroleum ether leaf extract of Millettia pinnata to address the problems associated with head louse infestation by providing and developing a better and safer alternative pediculicide. This study involved the formulation of an acceptable hair cream and the evaluation of pediculicidal activity of different treatments using filter paper diffusion method. Permethrin (Kwell®), the positive control, had the greatest anti-lice activity of all the treatments. In the determination of minimum effective concentration, only 80% bani hair cream was found to be effective. However, the 5% bani hair cream was selected as the final formulation based on both efficacy and quality. The final formulation exhibited greater pediculicidal activity than the commercially available herbal pediculicide, quassinoids (Oilganics®), and the 60% makabuhay hair cream formulation. Replicate observations should be performed to determine any significant difference among the different treatments.

10afilter paper diffusion10aformulation10ahair cream10aIn vitro pediculicidal activity10aM. pinnata1 aSayson, Camille, Vien dela_1 aGaffud, Precious, Aggabao1 aPangilinan, Marianne, Alyssa Pen1 aBalotro, Bienvenido, Sayo uhttp://www.pharmacy.mahidol.ac.th/journal/_files/2017-44-2_2.pdf04466nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245018800054210007000242300001200312490000700324520364700331653001903978653001003997653000804007653001804015100001904033700002304052700001404075700002004089700001804109700003004127856006704157 2017 eng d a1138359300aEnsayo clínico aleatorizado para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad en la erradicación del Pediculus humanus capitis de un nuevo pediculicida elaborado con aceite de oliva saponificado0 aEnsayo clínico aleatorizado para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad a91 - 990 v433 a

Resumen
Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de un nuevo pediculicida en la erradicación del Pediculus humanus capitis.

Material y métodos: Se disen ̃ó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado en el que se seleccionaron nin ̃os con edades entre los 5 y los 15 an ̃os, en los que se diagnosticó pediculosis. El tratamiento se administró en los días 1 y 7 tras su selección, y fueron evaluados en 4 visitas (días 2, 7, 9 y 14). El producto en evaluación con aceite de oliva saponificado fue Inex Pediculicide Soap® , que fue comparado con Paranix®, con un mecanismo de acción similar. La variable principal de eficacia fue la erradicación del parásito en el día 14, realizándose el análisis por intención de tratar. 

Resultados: Participaron 6 pediatras pertenecientes a 5 centros de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid (Espan ̃a) y una clínica privada. Se seleccionaron 45 nin ̃os, de los que el 75,6% eran nin ̃as (n = 34). La media de edad fue de 7,1 an ̃os (IC 95% 6,3-7,9), perteneciendo el 80% de los nin ̃os a la clase social media. El 82,2% tenían antecedentes de pediculosis previas. La eficacia a los 14 días fue del 76,2% (IC 95% 52,8-91,8) en el grupo tratado con Inex Pediculicide Soap®, y del 79,2% (IC 95% 57,9-92,9) en el grupo de Paranix® (NNT = 33,3). No se registraron efectos adversos al tratamiento.

Conclusiones: Los 2 productos en evaluación se mostraron eficaces y seguros en el tratamiento de erradicación del Pediculus humanus capitis, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos.

Randomised clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new pediculicide made with saponified olive oil in the eradication of Pediculus humanus capitis
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new pediculicide in the eradication of Pediculus humanus capitis infestation.

Material and methods: A randomised clinical trial was designed, in which children aged bet- ween 5 and 15 years diagnosed with pediculosis were selected. Treatment was administered on days 1 and 7 after selection, and they were evaluated in 4 visits (day 2, 7, 9, and 14). The product under evaluation with saponified olive oil was Inex Pediculicide Soap® , which was com- pared with Paranix®, with a similar mechanism of action. The primary efficacy endpoint was the eradication of the parasite by day 14 (louse-free rate), using an intention to treat analysis.

Results: Six paediatricians from 5 Primary Health Care centres in the Community of Madrid (Spain) and one private clinic participated in the study. A total of 45 children were included, of which 75.6% were girls (n=34). The mean age was 7.1 years (95% CI 6.3-7.9). The large majority (80%) were middle class, and 82.2% had a history of previous pediculosis. The efficacy at 14 days was 76.2% (95% CI 52.8-91.8) in the group treated with Inex Pediculicide Soap® group, and 79.2% (95% CI 57.9-92.9) in Paranix® group (NNT = 33.3). No adverse effects were observed with treatment.

Conclusions: The 2 products were effective and safe in the eradication therapy Pediculus humanus capitis, with no statistical differences.

10aClinical trial10alouse10aNit10aPediculicidae1 aSoler, Begoña1 aCastellares, Carol1 aViver, S.1 aDíaz, Luis, A.1 aGómez, Roque1 aRuíz, Elizabeth, García uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S113835931600117902602nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215300001400284490000700298520175200305653002802057653002202085653001302107653002402120100003002144700003302174700003602207700002902243700002902272856007102301 2017 eng d a0023-400100aSafety, Efficacy, and Physicochemical Characterization of Tinospora crispa Ointment: A Community-Based Formulation against Pediculus humanus capitis0 aSafety Efficacy and Physicochemical Characterization of iTinospo a409 - 4160 v553 a

Abstract: The high prevalence of pediculosis capitis, commonly known as head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infesta- tion, has led to the preparation of a community-based pediculicidal ointment, which is made of common household items and the extract of Tinospora crispa stem. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and physicochemical characteristics of the T. crispa pediculicidal ointment. The physicochemical properties of the ointment were characterized, and safety was determined using acute dermal irritation test (OECD 404), while the efficacy was assessed using an in vi- tro pediculicidal assay. Furthermore, the chemical compounds present in T. crispa were identified using liquid-liquid ex- traction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometric (UPLC-qTOF/ MS) analysis. The community-based ointment formulation was light yellow in color, homogeneous, smooth, with distinct aromatic odor and pH of 6.92±0.09. It has spreadability value of 15.04±0.98 g·cm/sec and has thixotropic behavior. It was also found to be non-irritant, with a primary irritation index value of 0.15. Moreover, it was comparable to the pedicu- licidal activity of the positive control Kwell®, a commercially available 1% permethrin shampoo (P > 0.05), and was signifi- cantly different to the activity of the negative control ointment, a mixture of palm oil and candle wax (P < 0.05). These find- ings suggested that the community-based T. crispa pediculicidal ointment is safe and effective, having acceptable physi- cochemical characteristics. Its activity can be attributed to the presence of compounds moupinamide and physalin I.

10aTinospora crispa10adermal irritation10aointment10apediculicidal assay1 aTorre, Gerwin, Louis T.D.1 aPonsaran, Kerstin, Mariae G.1 ade Guzman, Angelica, Louise D.P1 aManalo, Richelle, Ann M.1 aArollado, Erna, Custodio uhttp://parasitol.kr/journal/view.php?doi=10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.40900751nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245005300055210005300108260001600161300001200177490000700189520033200196100001800528856005900546 2017 eng d a1931-225300aDetection and recommended treatment of head lice0 aDetection and recommended treatment of head lice c30 Jan 2017 a32 - 360 v283 a

Head lice infestations are very common in school-age children and can be difficult to eradicate. This article discusses how
to detect head lice, and considers the treatments options available and their efficacy, including physical removal of lice (wet combing), physical insecticides and chemical insecticides.

1 aChin, WhyBrew uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/19312253/2017/28/102681nas a2200241 4500008004100000245015400041210006900195260001600264300001000280490000600290520190000296653001802196653001302214653001702227653001502244653003002259100002102289700002802310700002102338700002202359700002202381856003602403 2017 eng d00aNovel polymeric micelles for insect pest control: encapsulation of essential oil monoterpenes inside a triblock copolymer shell for head lice control0 aNovel polymeric micelles for insect pest control encapsulation o cJan-01-2017 ae31710 v53 a

Background. Essential oil components (EOCs) are molecules with interesting appli- cation in pest control, these have been evaluated against different insect pest from more than 100 years, but their practical use is rather limited. Thus, the enhancement of their bioavailability and manageability due to their dispersion in water can open new perspective for the preparation of formulations for the control of insect pest. In this work, we studied the encapsulation of different monoterpenes in a poloxamer shell in order to prepare aqueous formulations that can be used for the development of platforms used in pest control.
Methods. Micellar systems containing a 5 wt% of poloxamer 407 and 1.25 wt% of the different monoterpenes were prepared. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) experiments were carried out to characterize the dispersion of the EOCs in water. The pediculicidal activity of these micellar systems was tested on head lice using an ex vivo immersion test.
Results. The poloxamers allowed the dispersion of EOCs in water due to their encapsulation inside the hydrophobic core of the copolymer micelles. From this study, we concluded that it is possible to make stable micellar systems containing water (>90 wt%), 1.25 wt% of different monoterpenes and a highly safe polymer (5wt% Poloxamer 407). These formulations were effective against head lice with mortality ranging from 30 to 60%, being the most effective emulsions those containing linalool, 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, thymol, eugenol, geraniol and nonyl alcohol which lead to mortalities above 50%.
Discussion. Since these systems showed good pediculicidal activity and high physico- chemical stability, they could be a new route for the green fabrication of biocompatible and biosustainable insecticide formulations.

10aEncapsulation10aHeadlice10aMonoterpenes10aPoloxamers10aPolymer-basednanomicelles1 aLucia, Alejandro1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino1 aGuzmán, Eduardo1 aOrtega, Francisco1 aRubio, Ramón, G. uhttps://peerj.com/articles/317101520nas a2200181 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170260001600239300000900255490000700264520077900271653002501050653002001075100002201095700002001117700003401137856016701171 2017 eng d00aMitochondrial diversity in the populations of Pediculus humanus capitis across eastern south of Tehran Province, Iran0 aMitochondrial diversity in the populations of iPediculus humanus cJan-01-2017 a7 pp0 v163 a

Pediculus humanus capitis is a major obligate and district ecto-parasite of human which is distributed in different parts of the world and is under several research projects for population management and molecular analysis. In this study, one hundred and seventy head lice were collected from school girls at different high schools in five cities in south east of Tehran Province (Iran). They were analyzed using molecular methods for genotyping lice, Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI), for the first time in Iran. The phylogenetic analysis of the concentrated sequences of the head lice populations showed high divergence among the population collected from different cities. However, samples belonged to each city showed high homology with some of the GenBank sequences.

10aCytochrome Oxidase I10aTehran Province1 aGhandali, Fatemeh1 aKheradpir, Neda1 aSiahkalroudi, Siamak, Yousefi uhttps://www.geneticsmr.org/articles/mitochondrial-diversity-in-the-populations-of-pediculus-humanus-capitis-across-eastern-south-of-tehran-province-iran-7498.html02701nas a2200241 4500008004100000245015400041210006900195260001600264300000900280490000700289520186100296653001402157653002602171653001302197653002302210653001902233653003802252100001802290700003102308700001602339700002802355856007602383 2017 eng d00aPrevalence of head lice infestation and pediculicidal effect of permethrine shampoo in primary school girls in a low-income area in southeast of Iran0 aPrevalence of head lice infestation and pediculicidal effect of  cJan-12-2017 a6 pp0 v173 a

Background: Head lice infestation is a common public health problem that is most prevalent in primary school children throughout the world, especially in developing countries including different parts of Iran. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with head lice infestation and pediculicidal effect of 1% permethrin shampoo in primary schools girls of Bashagard County, one of the low socioeconomic areas in southeast of Iran.
Methods: In this interventional study six villages with similar demographical situations were selected and randomly assigned into intervention and control areas. In each area 150 girl students aged 7–12 years were selected randomly and screened for head lice infestation by visual scalp examination. In intervention area, treatment efficacy of 1% permethrin shampoo was evaluated via re-examination for infestation after one, two, and three weeks. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and associated factors of head lice infestation.
Results: The prevalence of head lice infestation was 67.3%. There was significant association between head lice infestation and school grade, family size, parents’ literacy, bathing facilities, frequency of hair washing, and use of shared articles (p < 0.05). The effectiveness of 1% permethrin shampoo for head lice treatment was 29.2, 68.9, and 90.3% after the first, second, and third weeks, respectively.
Conclusion: The head lice infestation is a health problem in primary school girls of Bashagard County. Improvement of socioeconomic status and providing appropriate educational programs about head lice risk factors and prevention can be effective for reduction of infestation in this area.

10aBashagard10aHead lice infestation10aIran 10aPermethrin shampoo10aschoolchildren10aSocio-demographic characteristics1 aSoleimani, M.1 aJaberhashemi, Seyed, Aghil1 aZare, Mehdi1 aSanei-Dehkordi, Alireza uhttp://bmcdermatol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12895-017-0062-901867nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001600204300001600220490000800236520109100244653001501335653002401350653001901374653001601393100002701409700002001436700002501456700002201481700002701503700002801530856005501558 2017 eng d a0932-011300aIvermectin lipid-based nanocarriers as novel formulations against head lice0 aIvermectin lipidbased nanocarriers as novel formulations against cJan-08-2017 a2111 - 21170 v1163 a

The use of pyrethroids to control the human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), has suffered considerable loss of efficacy due to the evolution of resistance. Thus, the development of effi- ciently insecticide delivery systems is imperative for the con- trol of head lice. We studied the insecticidal activity of ivermectin-loaded lipid nanocapsules (IVM-LNC) against permethrin-resistant head lice from Argentina. The LNC, pre- pared by a phase inversion procedure, were characterized in terms of size, surface potential, and physical stability. These nanoparticles were nearly spherical with mean diameters of 55 nm and narrow size distribution (PI ≤ 0.2). The KT50 mor- tality values of head lice after exposure to two IVM-LNC formulations (0.11 and 0.28%) were significantly smaller (5 and 3 h, respectively) compared to those exposed only to LNC control group (8 h). This investigation showed the effective- ness in the encapsulation of ivermectin (IVM) into stable LNC dispersion with a potential clinical activity against head lice.

10aIvermectin10aLipid nanoparticles10aNanotechnology10aPediculosis1 aUllio-Gamboa, Gabriela1 aPalma, Santiago1 aBenoit, Jean, Pierre1 aAllemandi, Daniel1 aPicollo, María, Inés1 aToloza, Ariel, Ceferino uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-017-5510-201474nas a2200193 4500008004100000022004200041245016700083210006900250300000800319490000700327520076400334653000901098653002101107653002001128100002701148700002201175700001401197856006901211 2017 eng d a1017-1827 (print), 2521-5922 (online)00aPrevalence of infestation with head lice Pediculus humanus capitis (de Geer) in primary school children in the centre of Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq0 aPrevalence of infestation with head lice iPediculus humanus capi a1-40 v393 a

The prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis were investigated in three selected primary-school children age ranged fro 6 to 11 years located in Erbil city, Kurdistan region - Trag. Overal 3,490 students (14.52%) were found infested with nits, immature or adults. There was no significant difference in the prevalence between girls (28.03%) and boys (1.98%) but there was a significant difference for long hairs (24.83%) and short hairs (10.78%). Smoth hairs (9.80%) and wrinkled hairs (28.31%) traits as well as between children of different age groups and the studied months in which highest ratio of infestation was seen in December (19.91%) and the lowest ration in April (11.60%) with significant difference between the period of study in months.

10aIrag10aPrevalence Erbil10aschool children1 aKhidhir, Kurdistan, N.1 aMahmood, Chra, K.1 aWand, Ali uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94483.pdf00917nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260001600190300001400206490000600220520041200226653001400638653001400652653001700666100002200683856004200705 2017 eng d00aCase report: a new method for treatment of permethrin - resistant head lice0 aCase report a new method for treatment of permethrin resistant h cJan-05-2017 a601 - 6040 v53 a

Key Clinical Message

Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infestation is an important disease world- wide, especially in children under 11 years old. Permethrin is the most com- mon insecticide for treatment of human pediculosis, but nowadays resistance to permethrin and other pyrethroids has caused many treatment failures. The sec- ond treatment of choice is malathion.

10ahead lice10aMalathion10apyrethroids.1 aJahangiri, Farhad uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ccr3.89900929nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007000041210006000111300001200171490000800183520051000191100002400701700002100725856004900746 2017 eng d00aWhat’s Eating You? Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)0 aWhat s Eating You Head Lice iPediculus humanus capitisi a389-3920 v1003 a

The head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) is a blood-sucking arthropod of the suborder Anoplura. Infestation continues in epidemic proportions in children of all socioeconomic groups. Although not implicated as a disease vector, infestation can lead to considerable distress, missed days of school, and secondary infections. Pyrethroids are recommended for treatment, but resistance is common. Newer agents, including benzyl alcohol and spinosad, have been developed to address this gap in care.

1 aDagrosa, Alicia, T.1 aElston, Dirk, M. uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2936090000504nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245005200055210005000107260001600157300001600173490000700189653001400196100001900210700002200229700001900251856006400270 2017 eng d a0002-963700aHead Lice: An Under-Recognized Tropical Problem0 aHead Lice An UnderRecognized Tropical Problem cJun-12-2017 a1636 - 16370 v9710ahead lice1 aCoscione, Suny1 aKositz, Christian1 aMarks, Michael uhttp://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.17-065602406nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260001600232300000800248490000600256520163800262653001301900653001601913653002401929653001301953653001401966653001501980100002101995700002702016700002002043700002202063856007902085 2017 eng d00aNeem-silicone lotion and ultrasound nit comb: a randomised, controlled clinical trial treating head louse infestation0 aNeemsilicone lotion and ultrasound nit comb a randomised control cJan-12-2017 a9pp0 v13 a

Background: A neem-based conditioner lotion (ONC) used against head lice was previously tested clinically and shown to be relatively ineffective. To improve the activity against lice and their eggs, it was reformulated into a silicone vehicle (NNC) as part of a project to improve pediculicidal medical devices. An ultrasound nit comb was also developed to be used in conjunction with the neem lotion to remove louse eggs from the hair.
Methods: A single-centre, parallel group, randomised, controlled, open-label community-based clinical study was set up to test the NNC lotion in comparison with a marketed product based on isopropyl myristate and cyclomethicone (IPM/C) with two treatments 7 days apart. In parallel, the lubrication effects of the NNC and ONC lotions were compared in use with the ultrasound comb.
Results: For 134 randomised participants (50 NNC, 53 IPM/C, 17 NNC plus comb, and 14 ONC plus comb), the cure rate was 72.0% for NNC and 69.8% for IPM/C (OR 1.112, 95% CI, 0.47 to 2.61). Additional combing gave 82.4% cure using NNC and 28.6% using ONC (OR 11.67; 95% CI 2.13 to 64.04). No difference in efficacy of nit removal was detected although combing with conditioner was physically easier.
Conclusions: One percent neem oil in silicone (NNC) is as effective to eliminate head lice as other silicone products. Nit combing is easier using a conditioner lubricant to facilitate sliding of the eggshells along hairs.
Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials Registry ISRCTN77673809

10aNeem oil10aNit combing10aPediculosis capitis10aSilicone10aTreatment10aUltrasound1 aBurgess, Ian, F.1 aBrunton, Elizabeth, R.1 aBurgess, N., A.1 aBurgess, Mark, N. uhttp://biomeddermatol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41702-017-0009-000371nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004700041210004300088260003600131100002300167700002200190856004900212 2017 eng d00aPediculosis Humanis (Lice, Capitis, Pubis)0 aPediculosis Humanis Lice Capitis Pubis bStatPearls PublishingcNov 20171 aBragg, Bradley, N.1 aSimon, Leslie, V. uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2926205501489nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155520100100224100002201225700003501247700003001282856005501312 2017 eng d00aEpidemiological study of phthiriasis among Patients with psychiatric disorders at Al- Rashad Mental hospital.0 aEpidemiological study of phthiriasis among Patients with psychia3 a

The present study was conducted to evaluate the distribution of phthiriasis among Patients with psychiatric disorders. To attain the goal of our study, it was conducted among one thousand and thirty hundred (1013 male and 287 female) from both sexes, their ages ranging between 15-55 years, these patients were hospitalized as psychiatric patients, the study done during eight months at the years 2014 and 2015. An insect have been diagnosed by University of Baghdad - Iraq's Natural History Museum and has been diagnosed as follows: prying lice on humans Pediculus humanus (Linn.) Anoplura, Pediculidae. These epidemiological study image incidences of infectious rate were higher in male (62.86%) than females (37.14%), with a high significant difference variation. Lice were detected by one method. The prevalence of infection in psychiatric patients occurred under low social environment due to contamination and/or overcrowded with poor water supply and lack of personal hygiene.

1 aAtiyah, Amall, H.1 aHamood_Almosawi, Haider, Qasim1 aAl-ani, Dunia, Abid-Al M. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/32205560202267nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156300001400225490000700239520152200246653001501768653001501783653001501798653001101813100001901824700002101843700002401864700002201888700002401910700002001934856007101954 2017 eng d a0022-258500aOvicidal Efficacy of Abametapir Against Eggs of Human Head and Body Lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae)0 aOvicidal Efficacy of Abametapir Against Eggs of Human Head and B a167 - 1720 v543 a

Studies were undertaken to determine the ovicidal efficacy of 5,50-dimethyl-2,20-bipyridyl (abametapir) against eggs of both human head and body lice. Head lice eggs of different ages (0–2, 3–5, and 6–8-d-old eggs) were exposed to varying concentrations of abametapir in isopropanol and concentration-dependent response rela- tionships established based on egg hatch. One hundred percent of all abametapir-treated eggs failed to hatch at the 0.74 and 0.55% concentrations, whereas 100% of 6–8-d-old head louse eggs failed to hatch only at the 0.74% concentration. The LC50 value for abametapir varied, depending on the age of the head lice eggs, from ?0.10% recorded for 0–2-d-old eggs and increasing to ?0.15% for 6–8-d-old eggs. Abametapir was also evaluated once formulated into a lotion referred to as Xeglyze (0.74% abametapir) and serial dilutions made. Ovicidal efficacies were determined against head lice eggs 0–8-d-old. Results indicated 100% ovicidal activity at the 0.74, 0.55, 0.37, and 0.18% concentrations. Additional studies undertaken using body lice eggs also demonstrated that aba- metapir was 100% ovicidal against eggs of all ages when evaluated at a concentration of 0.37 and 0.55%. Given that ovicidal activity is a critical component of any effective treatment regime for louse control, the data pre- sented in this study clearly demonstrate the ability of abametapir to inhibit hatching of both head and body louse eggs as assessed in vitro.

10aabametapir10abody louse10aHead louse10avoiced1 aBowles, V., M.1 aYoon, Kyong, Sup1 aBarker, Stephen, C.1 aTran, Christopher1 aRhodes, Christopher1 aClark, Marshall uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jme/tjw13202262nas a2200253 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260001600208300001300224490000700237520148200244653002401726653001401750653000901764100002601773700002301799700002801822700002701850700002401877700001901901700002201920700001401942856005201956 2017 eng d00aDetection of bacterial pathogens including potential new species in human head lice from Mali0 aDetection of bacterial pathogens including potential new species cAug-09-2018 ae01846210 v123 a

In poor African countries, where no medical and biological facilities are available, the identifi- cation of potential emerging pathogens of concern at an early stage is challenging. Head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis, have a short life, feed only on human blood and do not transmit pathogens to their progeny. They are, therefore, a perfect tool for the xenodiagno- sis of current or recent human infection. This study assessed the occurrence of bacterial pathogens from head lice collected in two rural villages from Mali, where a high frequency of head lice infestation had previously been reported, using molecular methods. Results show that all 600 head lice, collected from 117 individuals, belonged to clade E, specific to West Africa. Bartonella quintana, the causative agent of trench fever, was identified in three of the 600 (0.5%) head lice studied. Our study also shows, for the first time, the presence of the DNA of two pathogenic bacteria, namely Coxiella burnetii (5.1%) and Rickettsia aeschliman- nii (0.6%), detected in human head lice, as well as the DNA of potential new species from the Anaplasma and Ehrlichia genera of unknown pathogenicity. The finding of several Malian head lice infected with B. quintana, C. burnetii, R. aeschlimannii, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia is alarming and highlights the need for active survey programs to define the public health consequences of the detection of these emerging bacterial pathogens in human head lice.

10abacterial pathogens10ahead lice10aMali1 aAmanzougaghene, Nadia1 aFenollar, Florence1 aSangaré, Abdoul, Karim1 aSissoko, Mahamadou, S.1 aDoumbo, Ogobara, K.1 aRaoult, Didier1 aMediannikov, Oleg1 aGao, Feng uhttp://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.018462102179nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245015200055210006900207260001600276300001600292490000800308520129800316653001201614653002201626653002901648653003101677653003601708100002701744700002101771700002201792700003001814700002601844856005501870 2017 eng d a0932-011300aGenetic diversity of the human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis, among primary school girls in Saudi Arabia, with reference to their prevalence0 aGenetic diversity of the human head lice Pediculus humanus capit cJan-10-2017 a2637 - 26430 v1163 a

The present work aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis (P. humanus capitis) among infested primary school girls at Bisha governorate, Saudi Arabia, based on the sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt cyt b) gene of 121 P. humanus capitis adults. Additionally, the prevalence of pediculosis capitis was surveyed. The results of sequencing were compared with the sequence of human head lice that are genotyped previously. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed the presence of 100% identity (n = 26) of louse specimens with clade A (prevalent worldwide) of the GenBank data base. Louse individuals (n = 50) showed 99.8% similarity with the same clade A reference having a single base pair difference. Also, a number of 22 louse individuals revealed 99.8% identity with clade B reference (prevalent in North and Central Americas, Europe, and Australia) with individual diversity in two base pairs. Moreover, 14 louse individual sequences revealed 99.4% identity with three base pair differences. It was concluded that moderate pediculosis (~13%) prevailed among the female students of the primary schools. It was age-and hair texture (straight or curly)-dependent. P. humanus capitis prevalence diversity is of clades A and B genotyping.

10aGenBank10aGenetic diversity10amitochondrial cytochrome10aphylogenetic tree analysis10aPrimary school in Saudi Aarabia1 aAl-Shahrani, Sarah, A.1 aAlajmi, Reem, A.1 aAyaad, Tahany, H.1 aAl-Shahrani, Mohammed, A.1 aShaurub, El-Sayed, H. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-017-5570-302562nas a2200241 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001400220490000600234520179600240653001602036653001402052653000902066653002402075653001502099100002402114700001802138700003002156700002302186700002202209700002002231856006902251 2017 eng d00aPrevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Head Louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) in Central Iran0 aPrevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Head Louse iPediculu a5245-52540 v53 a

Background
Recognition of head lice prevalence and related risk factors contributing in spreading the disease is a step forward to the control of this important health problem. This survey was done to determine prevalence and risk factors associated with head louse (Pediculus Humanus Capitis) in Central Iran.
Materials and Methods
In this descriptive–analytic study, a total of 38,237 suspected cases of head lice infestation that were referred to public health centers in Qom province during 2016 were studied. Data collection was done using standard check list that was conducted and approved by the Health Ministry of the Islamic Republic of Iran and physical examination of the hairs by visual inspections of scalp and hair for the presence of adult lice, nymphs, and eggs (nits) in all of suspected cases. For data analysis, Chi-square and Multiple Logistic Regression Tests were utilized.
Results
A total of 11,223 (29.35%) out of 38,237 suspected cases of all ages were found to have pediculosis. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, a significant relationship was observed between Pediculus capitis infestation and each of these factors: educational grade, family size, family income, having previous history of P. capitis infestation, number of combing per day (P<0.05). Head lice infestation was detected in 33.45% (7,182/21,469) of females and 24.09% (4,041/16,768) of males.
Conclusion
High prevalence of P. capitis among people of all ages, especially in students who reside in Qom province was attributable to inadequate access to health educators, health facilities, inattention to personal health, and other related factors.

10aAdolescents10ahead lice10aIran10aPediculosis capitis10aPrevalence1 aSaghafipour, Abedin1 aNejati, Jalil1 aZahraei-Ramazani, Alireza1 aVatandoost, Hassan1 aMozaffari, Ehssan1 aRezaei, Fatemeh uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94306.pdf00957nam a2200145 4500008004100000245016200041210006900203260007800272300000600350490001300356520038200369100000500751700001900756856003600775 2017 eng d00aHuman Lice: Body Louse, Pediculus humanus humanus Linnaeus and Head Louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Insecta: Phthiraptera (=Anoplura): Pediculidae)0 aHuman Lice Body Louse Pediculus humanus humanus Linnaeus and Hea aGainesville, Florida, U.S.A.bUniversity of Florida, IFAS Extensionc2007 a50 vEENY-1043 a

This document is EENY-104, one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date July 1999. Revised June 2007 and December 2013. Reviewed March 2017. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. This document is also available on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/.

1 a1 aFasulo, T., R. uhttps://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in261