01944nas a2200553 4500008004100000020003300041245007000074210006900144260003800213300001200251520050600263653000800769653001400777653001200791653000800803653001100811653001500822653000800837653002200845653001900867653001600886653001500902653002200917653001200939653001200951653000900963653001500972653001500987653001601002653001001018653001201028653002201040653001801062653002201080653002301102653002201125653001601147653002201163653001201185653001301197653001701210653000901227653000901236100001501245700001701260700001701277700001801294856007801312 2020 eng d a9783319451343, 978331945134300aCutaneous Diseases Caused by Arthropods and Other Noxious Animals0 aCutaneous Diseases Caused by Arthropods and Other Noxious Animal bSpringer International Publishing a251-2653 a

This chapter discusses the cutaneous manifestations caused by arthropods which includes insects, ticks, mites, spiders, and scorpions. Infestations by arthropods as well as their developing stages lead to various cutaneous and sometimes systemic symptoms These cutaneous manifestations are varied and nonspecific. It may cause lesions like petechiae, purpura, ulcer, nodule, and atrophic, and hyper-pigmented lesions. Most lesions develop because of immune reactions to the potential allergen

10aAnt10aarthropod10aBed bug10aBee10aBeetle10abody louse10aBug10acimex lectularius10aClothing louse10aColeopteran10aCrab Louse10aCutaneous disease10aDemodex10aDiptera10aflea10aHead louse10aHemipteran10aHymenoptera10alouse10amyiasis10aNorwegian scabies10aNoxious anima10aPediculus capitis10apediculus corporis10aPhthiriasis pubis10aPubic louse10aSarcoptes scabiei10aScabies10aScorpion10aSiphonaptera10aTick10aWasp1 aKar, Sumit1 aYadav, Nidhi1 aBonde, Pooja1 aVerma, Varsha uhttps://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-53805-1_7700872nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260001500206300000900221520043600230100000500666700001900671856004800690 2020 eng d00aCrab Louse, Pthirus pubis (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Phthiraptera (Anoplura): Pediculidae)0 aCrab Louse iPthirus pubisi Linnaeus Insecta Phthiraptera Anoplur c30-10-2020 a4 pp3 a

This document is EENY-103 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 211), one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date July 1999. Revised June 2007 and November 2013. Reviewed June 2020. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. This document is also available on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/.

1 a1 aFasulo, T., R. uhttps://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/IN26000801nas a2200193 4500008004100000020003300041245000900074210000900083260004500092300001000137520030300147653001400450653001500464653000900479653001500488653001500503100002300518856006600541 2020 eng d a9783030586331, 978303058634800aLice0 aLice aCham.bSpringer International Publishing a29-313 a

Lice infestation in children and adolescents is mainly caused by the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis). The pubic or crab louse (Phthirus pubis) is transmitted by sexual contact or by co-sleeping. Infestation with the clothing louse (P. humanus humanus) occurs in homeless populations

10ahead lice10aIvermectin10aNits10aPermethrin10apubic lice1 aPrendiville, Julie uhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-58634-8_703141nas a2200277 4500008004100000022002500041245008100066210006900147260001600216300001200232490000700244520234700251653002002598653001202618653000902630653000902639653001302648653001202661653000902673100002302682700002502705700002502730700002002755700002502775856006302800 2020 eng d a2052-174X, 2052-175800a30 years of samples submitted to an Australian Medical Entomology Department0 a30 years of samples submitted to an Australian Medical Entomolog cJul-13-2020 a172-1970 v603 a

Arthropods are the cause of considerable human morbidity. In spite of numerous text books and reviews published on arthropods of medical importance, this is the first paper in the world to present a comprehensive review of specimens sent to a medical entomology laboratory over an extended period. The Department of Medical Entomology at Westmead Hospital is the New South Wales reference laboratory for arthropods of medical importance. In the years 1988–2017, there were 5655 samples submitted for identification. Some 25 orders, 188 families and 177 different genera were recorded, with 170 unique species. The most common specimens included the Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus (708 specimens submitted), the bird mite Ornithonyssus bursa (506), bed bugs Cimex spp. (149), moth flies Clogmia spp. (135), head lice Pediculus capitis (105), pubic lice Pthirus pubis (91) and scabies Sarcoptes scabiei (57). In 1211 samples submitted, there was no evidence for any life stages of arthropods. For these common samples, data analysed included yearly and seasonal trends, female vs. male patient submissions and the age classes of the patients. Some species such as I. holocyclus, O. bursa, Cimex spp., Clogmia spp. and P. capitis demonstrated strong seasonal trends. In the case of the female vs. male patients, there were significant differences in submissions with O. bursa, P. capitis, P. pubis and with the samples containing no arthropod evidence. Of these, only with P. pubis did more males submit than females. Younger ages classes (<10 years) were
more associated with I. holocyclus and P. capitis, older patients >70 years) with scabies, mature females (50– 69 years) with samples containing no evidence of arthropods and middle-aged adults (40–69) with the remainder of the common samples. Key diagnostic features are included for some of the more challenging arthropod species to distinguish and as well as case studies provided of situations involving unique or unusual infestations. The data provides useful information on the risks that arthropods of medical importance pose to the community and will refine educational programs.

Supporting figures please visit publisher website, under supporting information: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/aen.12480

10aarthropod trend10aBed bug10alice10amite10amoth fly10aScabies10aTick1 aGeary, Merilyn, J.1 aRussell, Richard, C.1 aMoerkerken, Leendert1 aHassan, Assareh1 aDoggett, Stephen, L. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/aen.1248004520nas a2200289 4500008004100000022002500041245006400066210006300130260001600193300001400209490000700223520366800230653001903898653000903917653001703926653001903943100002103962700001803983700002304001700002704024700002804051700002204079700002004101700002104121700002004142856006804162 2020 eng d a0022-2585, 1938-292800aIdentification of Lice Stored in Alcohol Using MALDI-TOF MS0 aIdentification of Lice Stored in Alcohol Using MALDITOF MS cDec-21-2020 a1126-11330 v583 a

Lice pose major public and veterinary health problems with economic consequences. Their identification is essential and requires the development of an innovative strategy. MALDI-TOF MS has recently been proposed as a quick, inexpensive, and accurate tool for the identification of arthropods. Alcohol is one of the most frequently used storage methods and makes it possible to store samples for long periods at room temperature. Several recent studies have reported that alcohol alters protein profiles resulting from MS analysis. After preliminary studies on frozen lice, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of alcohol preservation on the accuracy of lice identification by MALDI-TOF MS. To this end, lice stored in alcohol for variable periods were submitted for MS analysis and sample preparation protocols were optimized. The reproducibility and specificity of the MS spectra obtained on both these arthropod families allowed us to implement the reference MS spectra database (DB) with protein profiles of seven lice species stored in alcohol. Blind tests revealed a correct identification of 93.9% of Pediculus humanus corporis (Linnaeus, 1758) and 98.4% of the other lice species collected in the field. This study demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could be successfully used for the identification of lice stored in alcohol for different lengths of time.

Résumé

Les poux posent des problèmes majeurs de santé publique et vétérinaire, avec des conséquences économiques. Leur identification est essentielle et nécessite le développement d’une stratégie innovante. Le MALDI-TOF MS a récemment été proposé comme un outil rapide, peu coûteux et précis pour l’identification des arthropodes. L’alcool est l’une des méthodes de stockage les plus fréquemment utilisées et permet de conserver les échantillons pendant de longues périodes à température ambiante. Plusieurs études récentes ont rapporté que l’alcool modifie les profils protéiques résultant de l’analyse de la SEP. Après des études préliminaires sur les poux congelés, le but de cette recherche était d’évaluer l’influence de la conservation de l’alcool sur la précision de l’identification des poux par la SEP MALDI-TOF. À cette fin, des poux conservés dans l’alcool pendant des périodes variables ont été soumis à l’analyse de la SEP et les protocoles de préparation des échantillons ont été optimisés. La reproductibilité et la spécificité des spectres de MS obtenus sur ces arthropodes nous ont permis de mettre en œuvre la base de données des spectres de MS de référence (DB) avec les profils protéiques de sept espèces de poux stockés dans l’alcool. Des tests en aveugle ont révélé une identification correcte de 93,9% de Pediculus humanus corporis (Linnaeus, 1758) et de 98,4% des autres espèces de poux collectées sur le terrain. Cette étude a démontré que le MALDI-TOF MS pouvait être utilisé avec succès pour l’identification des poux stockés dans l’alcool pendant différentes durées.

Attached pdf file is preprint copy

10aidentification10alice10aMALDI-TOF MS10astorage method1 aBenyahia, Hanene1 aOuarti, Basma1 aDiarra, Adama, Zan1 aBoucheikhchoukh, Mehdi1 aMeguini, Mohamed, Nadir1 aBehidji, Makhlouf1 aBenakhla, Ahmed1 aParola, Phillipe1 aAlmeras, Lionel uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article-abstract/58/3/1126/604259901791nas a2200217 4500008004100000245004700041210004700088260001200135300000900147490000700156520116300163653000901326653001001335653000901345653001601354100003201370700002701402700002901429700004601458856006901504 2020 eng d00aItching eyes after itching around the head0 aItching eyes after itching around the head c02-2020 a2 pp0 v103 a

Objective: To report the occurrence and management of an eyelashes infestation by Phthirus pubis.

Methods: A 27-year-old female presented with itching in her right eye and head after she had been traveling in southern Italy five days earlier. Visual acuity (VA) was 20/20 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination showed bilateral blepharitis. Moreover, mobile insects and eggs attached to the eyelashes were observed. A microbiological study was performed with a Phthirus pubis result. The patient was treated with mechanical dislodging.

Results: The resolution of the infection was carried out removing every insect and egg. A vaseline application twice daily for 7 days was necessary to stifle any nits that could remain.

Conclusions: The eyelashes pediculosis is frequently caused by Phthirus pubis. Only a minor percentage of the cases are due to Phthirus capitis, but the differential diagnosis is essential: there are Phthirus pubis pediculosis cases due to sexual abuse. A sexual history and screening for other sexually transmitted diseases is warranted.

10alice10alouse10aNits10aPediculosis1 aDel Barrio, Laura, Tabuenca1 aCuadrado, Marcos, Mozo1 aEnériz, Alicia, Zubicoa1 ade Espronceda-Ezquerro, Iñigo, Martínez uhttps://www.egms.de/static/de/journals/oc/2020-10/oc000136.shtml00646nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005000041210004800091260001500139300001400154490000700168520021500175100002400390700002100414856006500435 2020 eng d00aGale et pédiculose [Scabies and pediculosis]0 aGale et pédiculose Scabies and pediculosis cMarch 2020 a3075-30810 v703 a

objectifs
Diagnostiquer et traiter une gale et une pédiculose. Connaître la conduite à tenir devant un cas contact et en cas d’épidémie.

1 aTala-Ighil, Thiziri1 aMonsel, Gentiane uhttps://www.larevuedupraticien.fr/article/gale-et-pediculose01098nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007500041210006600116260001500182300001200197490000800209520063000217100002100847700002100868856006300889 2020 eng d00aWhat's eating you? human body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis)0 aWhats eating you human body lice iPediculus humanus corporisi cMarch 2020 a118-1200 v1053 a

Compared to head and pubic lice, body lice (Pediculus humanus corporis) carry increased morbidity in the form of greater body surface area involvement, possible infectious disease transmission, and the potential for secondary iron-deficiency anemia. They thrive in high-density urban populations in which hygiene is poor, such as among the homeless. Treatment includes washing of affected individuals, their possessions, and treatment with topical insecticides. Growing patterns of treatment resistance seen in body lice necessitate development of new strategies, with oral medications serving as a promising option.

1 aNyers, Emily, S.1 aElston, Dirk, M. uhttps://www.mdedge.com/dermatology/issue/218356/cutis-105303461nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260001600243300000900259490000700268520275400275653002503029653002603054653001403080100001603094700001203110700001803122700001703140856008603157 2020 eng d a1756-330500aVariation of mitochondrial minichromosome composition in Hoplopleura lice (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) from rats0 aVariation of mitochondrial minichromosome composition in Hoplopl cOct-06-2020 a9 pp0 v133 a

Background The family Hoplopleuridae contains at least 183 species of blood-sucking lice, which widely parasitize both mice and rats. Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been reported in two rat lice (Hoplopleura kitti and H. akanezumi) from this family, but some minichromosomes were unidentified in their mt genomes. 

Methods We sequenced the mt genome of the rat louse Hoplopleura sp. with an Illumina platform and compared its mt genome organization with H. kitti and H. akanezumi.

Results Fragmented mt genome of the rat louse Hoplopleura sp. contains 37 genes which are on 12 circular mt minichromosomes. Each mt minichromosome is 1.8–2.7 kb long and contains 1–5 genes and one large non-coding region. The gene content and arrangement of mt minichromosomes of Hoplopleura sp. (n = 3) and H. kitti (n = 3) are different from those in H. akanezumi (n = 3). Phylogenetic analyses based on the deduced amino acid sequences of the eight protein-coding genes showed that the Hoplopleura sp. was more closely related to H. akanezumi than to H. kitti, and then they formed a monophyletic group.

Conclusions Comparison among the three rat lice revealed variation in the composition of mt minichromosomes within the genus Hoplopleura. Hoplopleura sp. is the first species from the family Hoplopleuridae for which a complete fragmented mt genome has been sequenced. The new data provide useful genetic markers for studying the population genetics, molecular systematics and phylogenetics of blood-sucking lice.

Preprint version see https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-42350/v1 and the title of preprint version is "Variation in mitochondrial minichromosome composition among Hoplopleura lice (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) from rats"

 

10aFragmented mt genome10aPhylogenetic analyses10aRat louse1 aFu, Yi-Tian1 aNie, Yu1 aDuan, De-Yong1 aLiu, Guo-Hua uhttps://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-020-04381-y01933nas a2200193 4500008004100000245013700041210006900178300000900247520125000256653001701506653000901523653002401532100002301556700002301579700003301602700002701635700002201662856005501684 2020 eng d00aWolbachia Endosymbiant Was Not Detected in Field Collected Population of Head and Body Lice From Iran Using Molecular Markers0 aiWolbachiai Endosymbiant Was Not Detected in Field Collected Pop a7 pp3 a

Objectives Head lice infection can lead to inferiority, depression, insomnia, and lack of education, loss of social status, secondary infections, hair removal, and allergies. Body lice can carry dangerous diseases such as typhus, trench fever, and recurrent fever. Studies on lice control due to pesticides, inappropriate drug use, pesticide risks, and pesticide resistance in the lice population are needed. The study of insect symbiotic microorganisms such as Wolbachia is a new approach to control the vector-borne disease.

ResultsThe presence of this bacterium was investigated in head and body lice collected from the Iranian lice population. Genomic DNA was extracted from both lice specimens and PCR assay was performed to the detection of Wolbachia infection by using Wsp, coxA, and gatB primers. All PCR results were negative for Wolbachia in comparison with positive controls. Further studies should be performed using new molecular markers to determine the Wolbachia infection of lice.

10aEndosymbiant10aIran10aMolecular Detection1 aFirooziyan, Samira1 aSadaghianifar, Ali1 aGhahvechi_Khaligh, Fereshteh1 aOshaghi, Mohammad, Ali1 aGholizadeh, Saber uhttps://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-78236/v103186nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245005500055210005400110260001300164300000900177490000700186520271800193100002402911700001702935856007602952 2020 eng d a1245-178900aEscabiosis, pediculosis y picaduras de artrópodos0 aEscabiosis pediculosis y picaduras de artrópodos cAug-2020 a1-140 v553 a

Los artrópodos pertenecen al reino animal y se caracterizan por un esqueleto externo que obliga a un crecimiento por mudas sucesivas. Un gran número de artrópodos están involucrados en la patología humana, ya sea por su papel como vectores de un agente patógeno o por su comportamiento parasitario. Entre los ácaros, Sarcoptes scabiei es el agente responsable de la escabiosis. Esta enfermedad dermatológica pruriginosa se conoce desde hace mucho tiempo. Las lesiones características están compuestas por la tríada prurito-vesícula-surco, que es un signo de la presencia del parásito. Desde un punto de vista nosológico, se pueden reconocer dos formas clínicas principales: por un lado, la escabiosis común, que es banal y poco contagiosa fuera del contacto cercano y prolongado con la piel y a veces se incluye en el espectro de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y, por otro lado, la escabiosis hiperqueratósica que se presenta en las personas ancianas o inmunodeprimidas. Esta forma es particularmente contagiosa debido al gran número de parásitos presentes en la epidermis. Entre estas dos entidades hay muchas presentaciones clínicas atípicas que pueden conducir a confundirla con otra afección dermatológica y a un diagnóstico erróneo. Estas formas clínicas hiperqueratósicas o atípicas pueden originar epidemias en el seno de la familia, en centros sanitarios o instituciones sociosanitarias y educativas. El tratamiento de la escabiosis siempre requiere un diagnóstico de certeza precoz, y el tratamiento del paciente implica el tratamiento de la ropa y la búsqueda de los contactos. Los agentes de las demodicosis (Demodex folliculorum y Demodex brevis) tienen un nicho ecológico reducido, puesto que sólo colonizan el folículo piloso y las glándulas sebáceas. Su papel patógeno es discutido por algunos autores. Entre los insectos, los piojos y las ladillas tienen una nocividad considerable. Además de estos artrópodos, hay muchos otros que pueden picar a los seres humanos y originar lesiones maculopapulosas más o menos numerosas y amplias asociadas con el prurito. El origen de las lesiones es difícil de rastrear si se omite la investigación epidemiológica, incluido el análisis del entorno del paciente.

Palabras clav: Escabiosis, Pediculosis, Phthiriasis, Pediculosis púbica, Picaduras de insectos, Picaduras de ácaros, Artrópodos

1 ade Gentile, Ludovic1 aCarsuzaa, F. uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S124517892044100901053nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245003500055210003500090260001200125300000900137490000700146520028300153653001700436653001800453653002200471653001200493653001900505653001400524653001200538653001800550653001400568100003300582700003300615700002200648700001900670856007400689 2020 eng d a0365-059600aUpdate on parasitic dermatoses0 aUpdate on parasitic dermatoses cJan-020 a1-140 v953 a

These are cutaneous diseases caused by insects, worms, protozoa, or coelenterates which may or may not have a parasitic life. In this review the main ethological agents, clinicalaspects, laboratory exams, and treatments of these dermatological diseases will be studied.

10aDrug therapy10alarva migrans10alice infestations10amyiasis10aOnchocerciasis10aparasitic10aScabies10aSkin Diseases10aTungiasis1 aCardoso, Alberto, Eduardo Co1 aCardoso, Alberto, Eduardo Oi1 aTalhari, Carolina1 aSantos, Monica uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0365059619301783#!02373nas a2200241 4500008004100000022002500041245006700066210006700133260001300200300001200213490000700225520161900232653003301851653001601884653001401900100002201914700002301936700003201959700001801991700002202009700001702031856008302048 2020 eng d a0032-0943, 1439-022100aEssential Oils as a Potential Treatment Option for Pediculosis0 aEssential Oils as a Potential Treatment Option for Pediculosis cMay-2020 a619-6300 v863 a

Pediculosis is a prevalent ectoparasite infestation caused by lice. The head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) and body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) are obligatory parasites whose only known hosts are humans. Pediculosis is probably the most common ectoparasitic infestation, affecting up to 80% of the population in several countries, and particularly prevalent in the infant population worldwide. Several treatment options, including shampoos and creams containing insecticides, have been introduced for the treatment of pediculosis. Recently, the use of synthetic chemicals to control human lice has raised concerns pertaining to human health and the environment. Therefore, increasing efforts have been undertaken to develop effective pediculicides with low environmental toxicity and minimal environmental residual activity. In this study, we focus on the essential oils derived from 22 plant genera, their constituents, and the major factors that play important roles in the effectiveness of these oils in the treatment of pediculosis. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the mentioned essential oils, and ultimately suggest those demonstrating the most effective in vitro pediculicidal activities. The genera such as Aloysia, Cinnamomum, Eucalyptus, Eugenia, Lavandula, Melaleuca, Mentha, Myrcianthes, Origanum, Pimpinella, and Thymus appear to be more efficient against lice. These genera are rich in anethole, 1,8-cineole, cinnamaldehyde, p-cymene, eugenol, linalool, limonene, pulegone, terpinen-4-ol, and thymol compounds.

10aeco‑friendly pediculicides10aPediculosis10aTreatment1 aCandy, Kerdalidec1 aAkhoundi, Mohammad1 aAndriantsoanirina, Valérie1 aDurand, Rémy1 aBruel, Christiane1 aIzri, Arezki uhttps://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-1161-918902327nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245005200055210005200107260001200159300001000171490000600181520170800187653001301895653002701908653001601935653002201951653001701973653001701990653001102007100002102018856005802039 2020 eng d a2573-946800aInsects as vectors of DNA in a forensic context0 aInsects as vectors of DNA in a forensic context c03-2020 ae13550 v23 a

Insects have historically been used in criminal investigations to provide information in relation to postmortem intervals (PMIs) but the field of forensic entomology is expanding. It is now recognized that insects can act as vectors of human and mammalian DNA through the consumption of biological material, with extraneous DNA able to be extracted and genotyped from all stages of the life cycle, and insect feces and regurgitant (artifacts). To date, DNA recovered from insects have been used to inform investigations into neglect and homicide, link body parts, and to identify victims of crime. It may also potentially be used to identify assailants, confirm the food source of insects to determine their relevance in PMI calculations, determine if a crime has occurred, identify scenes of crimes, and link people to locations and other individuals. However, insects which have consumed biological material may also transfer DNA by traveling to new areas, or depositing it via their artifacts, either within crime scenes or laboratories, or at locations distant to the food source. This could contaminate forensic evidence, confound investigations, and/or falsely incriminate or exclude an individual. Therefore, it is important that there is increased awareness into both the utility of insects as vectors of forensically relevant DNA, and the potential for contamination.

Note from the publisher on the supporting attachment: Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

10aartefact10abloods patter analysis10acrime scene10aDNA contamination10aDNA transfer10aForensic DNA10ainsect1 aDurdle, Annalisa uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wfs2.135502142nas a2200385 4500008004100000022001300041245004500054210004400099260001200143300001400155490000700169520111600176653001401292653001701306653002001323653000901343653001401352653001301366653001701379653002101396653001601417653001201433653001501445653001201460653002001472653002301492653001701515653004901532100002201581700002101603700002201624700002101646700002201667856006701689 2020 eng d a0190962200aEctoparasites: Pediculosis and tungiasis0 aEctoparasites Pediculosis and tungiasis c03-2020 a551 - 5690 v823 a

Pediculosis is an infestation of lice on the body, head, or pubic region that occurs worldwide. Lice are ectoparasites of the order Phthiraptera that feed on the blood of infested hosts. Their morphotype dictates their clinical features. Body lice may transmit bacterial pathogens that cause trench fever, relapsing fever, and epidemic typhus, which are potentially life-threatening diseases that remain relevant in contemporary times. Recent data from some settings suggest that head lice may harbor pathogens. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management of body, head, and pubic louse infestation are reviewed. New therapies for head lice and screening considerations for pubic lice are discussed. Tungiasis is an ectoparasitic disease caused by skin penetration by the female Tunga penetrans or, less commonly, Tunga trimamillata flea. It is endemic in Latin America, the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa and seen in travelers returning from these regions. Risk factors for acquiring tungiasis, associated morbidity, and potential strategies for prevention and treatment are discussed.

10abody lice10aectoparasite10aepidemic typhus10aflea10ahead lice10ahomeless10ahomelessness10ainfestation lice10aPediculosis10apoverty10apubic lice10aRefugee10aRelapsing Fever10areturning traveler10atrench fever10aTunga penetrans Tunga trimamillata tungiasis1 aCoates, Sarah, J.1 aThomas, Cristina1 aChosidow, Olivier1 aEngelman, Daniel1 aChang, Aileen, Y. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S019096221932386201695nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260001600236300001000252490000700262520093700269653001401206653001801220653002701238653001401265653002901279100002301308700001801331700002101349700002201370700001701392856004401409 2020 eng d00aWho Bites Me? A Tentative Discriminative Key to Diagnose Hematophagous Ectoparasites Biting Using Clinical Manifestations0 aWho Bites Me A Tentative Discriminative Key to Diagnose Hematoph cJan-05-2020 a15 pp0 v103 a

Arthropod blood feeders are vectors of several human pathogenic agents, including viruses
(e.g., yellow fever, chikungunya, dengue fever), parasites (e.g., malaria, leishmaniasis, lymphatic
filariasis), or bacteria (e.g., plague). Besides their role as a vector of pathogens, their biting activities
cause a nuisance to humans. Herein, we document clinical symptoms associated with the biting
of ten clusters of hematophagous arthropods, including mosquitoes, biting midges and sandflies,
lice, ticks, tsetse flies, blackflies, horse flies, fleas, triatomine and bed bugs. Within the framework of
clinical history and entomo-epidemiological information, we propose a tentative discriminative key
that can be helpful for practicing physicians in identifying hematophagous arthropods biting humans
and delivering treatment for the associated clinical disorders.

10abite spot10ablood feeding10aclinical manifestation10aDiagnosis10ahematophagous arthropods1 aAkhoundi, Mohammad1 aSereno, Denis1 aMarteau, Anthony1 aBruel, Christiane1 aIzri, Arezki uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/5/308