03339nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260001600242300000800258490000700266520239200273653002002665653001002685653002302695653000902718653001902727653001002746653001502756653001002771100002402781700001902805700002102824700002102845700002902866700002402895700002702919700002302946856004402969 2024 eng d a2076-261500aEffects of Season, Habitat, and Host Characteristics on Ectoparasites of Wild Rodents in a Mosaic Rural Landscape0 aEffects of Season Habitat and Host Characteristics on Ectoparasi cJan-18-2024 a3040 v143 a

Simple Summary
Ectoparasites such as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice are ubiquitous in nature and parasitise a plethora of species ranging from small rodents to large mammals and even humans. Besides their parasitic effects, they also act as vectors for various infectious agents affecting the hosts. Parasite-borne infectious diseases have been and remain a great concern for animal and human health. To better understand the risk of parasite-borne disease, it is imperative to have a good understanding of ectoparasite ecology. This study aimed to test the effects of host species characteristics and the features of the environment inhabited by the hosts on the prevalence and abundance of ectoparasites in rodents from a mostly traditional agricultural mosaic landscape. Results show that the sex, age, and body weight of the host affect the prevalence and abundance of ectoparasites. Contrary to other studies, in our study area, land use intensity had a negative effect on all parasite community parameters.

Abstract
Despite the large number of studies on rodent ectoparasites—most of them vectors of epidemiologically important pathogens—infestation patterns remain poorly understood in various ecological contexts, such as the highly patchy agricultural landscapes. We aimed to relate the infestation of rodents to temporal, habitat, and host variables. We assessed the difference in parasite prevalence and mean abundance depending on host sex, age, and body weight, season, and land use intensity. Furthermore, we analysed the effect of host species abundance and the differential responses of parasites in main and minor host species. The field survey was conducted in a rural landscape in southern Transylvania (Romania) between June and September 2010–2011. We live-trapped small mammals, collected the ticks and fleas, and recorded the presence of lice and mites. Overall, we found the same infestation patterns largely reported in the literature: higher prevalence and mean abundance in heavier adult males, significant seasonality and differences among host species, and evidence of the dilution effect. The uniqueness of our study system was the negative effect of the land use intensity on the prevalence and mean abundance of parasites, explained by the highly patchy mosaic landscape.

10adilution effect10afleas10aland use intensity10alice10aMean abundance10amites10aPrevalence10aticks1 aBenedek, Ana, Maria1 aBoeraș, Ioana1 aLazăr, Anamaria1 aSandu, Alexandra1 aCocîrlea, Maria, Denisa1 aStănciugelu, Maria1 aCic, Niculina, Viorica1 aPostolache, Carmen uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/2/30402341nas a2200145 4500008004100000022002500041245006200066210006200128260001600190300001200206490000700218520190000225100002002125856005002145 1988 eng d a0008-4301, 1480-328300aReproductive strategies of ectoparasites on small mammals0 aReproductive strategies of ectoparasites on small mammals cApr-01-1988 a774-7810 v663 a

A model of ectoparasitic reproductive strategies is presented. To be successful, an ectoparasite must either disperse to find a new host or stay on one host and produce its progeny during the lifetime of the host. Dispersion is facilitated by utilizing many host species and by waiting for the next host; these strategies prolong the generation time. Staying on the host is facilitated by shortening the generation time. Ectoparasites that repeatedly move on and off hosts are thus expected to have wide host preference spectra and long generation times while sedentary ectoparasites are expected to have narrow host preference spectra and short generation times. Population parameters of 27 ectoparasitic species (fleas, lice, mesostigmatic mites, and one ixodid tick species) on cyclic small mammal populations were investigated and a cluster analysis was performed. Three population parameters proved to be important and could be used to form a base for life-trait grouping of the ectoparasites: (i) the host preference spectra; (ii) the time lag between host and parasite peak abundance; and (iii) the intensity of the infestation. Three groups of ectoparasitic life traits were discernible: (i) species with narrow host preference spectra, no time lag (short ectoparasitic generation time), and major infestation: the Anoplura–Laelapinae group; (ii) species with moderate to wide host preference spectra, 1-year time lag (long parasitic generation time), and minor infestation: the Siphonaptera–Haemogamasinae group; (iii) one species, Ixodes trianguliceps, had moderate host preference spectrum, 2-year time lag, and moderate infestation. Ectoparasites, such as trombiculid mites and the tick Ixodes ricinus, which are not confined to small mammals, were missing or very rare on the cyclic small mammal populations. This was predicted by the model.

1 aLundqvist, Lars uhttps://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/z88-11602365nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260001600220300000800236490000600244520163900250653001901889653001001908653003001918653001201948653001101960100002001971700002801991700002802019700002402047856005202071 2022 eng d a2636-390900aSurvey of rodents and their ecto-parasites at some animal farms in Minia Governorate, Egypt0 aSurvey of rodents and their ectoparasites at some animal farms i cJan-01-2022 a1-50 v43 a

The main objective of this research is to recognize the rodent species prevailing under Minia region, Egypt conditions. The current study revealed the presence of three main species of rodents living in two animal farms (Salah El-Deen village and El-Minia district), El-Minia Governorate. These species of rodent were: Rattus rattus frugivorous; Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus. The ectoparasites associated with these rodents were: two insects i.e., the louse, Polyplax spinulosa; the Flea, Pullex irritans as well as six mite species i.e., Ornithonyssus bacoti; Glycyphagus sp.; Myobia murismusculi; Dermanssus gallinae; Liponyssoides sanguineus and Cheyletiella parasitivorax. The mite species, O. bacoti; Glycyphagus sp. and C. parasitovorax were recorded on the bodies of R. r. frugivorous and R. norvegicus, but these species of mites were recorded from the body of the house mouse, M. musculus. The two mite species M. murismusculi and D. gallinae were recorded in association with the three surveyed rodent species. The fleas were more common with R. r. frugivorous and M. musculus, but completely disappeared with R. norvegicus. The louse, P. spinulosa was recorded on R. r. frugivorous and M. musculus and completely missed on R. norvegicus. In Shosha animal farm (Samalote district), only two rodent species were recorded (R. r. frugivorus and R. norvegicus), and the mite species accompanied with both rodent species were O. bacoti; Glycyphagus sp.; M. murismusculi and C. parasitivorax. While the lice, P. spinulosa were found only on the body of R. r. frugivorous and completely disappeared on R. norvegicus.

10aEcto-parasites10aEgypt10aRattus rattus frugivorous10arodents10aSurvey1 aRoby, Ahmed, El1 aHassan, Hassan, Mohamed1 aEshbah, Hosafy, Mohamed1 aElhakeem, Arwa, Abd uhttps://jmr.journals.ekb.eg/article_211015.html01102nas a2200157 4500008004100000022002500041245006200066210005900128260001600187300000800203490000800211520061100219100002100830700002300851856007000874 2021 eng d a1755-1307, 1755-131500aAnoplura (Lice) of small mammals in the South Trans-Urals0 aAnoplura Lice of small mammals in the South TransUrals cMar-01-2021 a8pp0 v6883 a

For this the research, 2035 individuals of small mammals of 18 species were examined in order to find out the presence of obligate hematophages (Anoplura); from those 984 lice of 5 species were collected. The species composition of Anoplura, the indices of occurrence, infestation and the abundance of Anoplura on the Insectivora and Rodentia were analyzed. There have been noted repeated cases of Anoplura parasitizing the mammals unusual for them, which reflects interspecific contacts of small mammals. The features of the biotopic confinement of the parasite were considered.

1 aStarikov, V., P.1 aKravchenko, V., N. uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/688/1/01202012037nas a2200229 45000080041000002450092000412100069001333000010002024900007002125201132000219653001811539653002111557653001311578653001511591653001811606100001911624700002811643700003211671700002011703700002811723856005611751 2021 eng d00aECTOPARASITES FAUNA OF RODENTS AND SCANDENTS AT DIFFERENT HABITATS OF SARAWAK, MALAYSIA0 aECTOPARASITES FAUNA OF RODENTS AND SCANDENTS AT DIFFERENT HABITA a26-460 v263 a

ield surveys of ectoparasites fauna on small mammals (Rodentia and Scandentia) were conducted since 2008 until 2019 in 12 localities of Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo). The objectives of these field surveys are to obtain checklist on the distribution of ectoparasites and their hosts (rodents and scandents) in Sarawak, and to determine the ectoparasites that are of known public health importance. Throughout these surveys, seven types of habitat had been recorded from 12 localities of study sites, namely lowland dipterocarp forest, mixed dipterocarp forest, hill dipterocarp forest, riverine forest, limestone forest, secondary forest, and urban area. A total of 50 to 100 cage traps were used to traps hosts for five to six consecutive days per site and ectoparasites were extracted from each host caught using fine comb and forceps. Identification of ectoparasites was based on morphology from available taxonomic keys and published taxonomic drawings. A total of 148 animals comprising 22 species of rodents and scadents were caught and screened for ectoparasites. Of these hosts, 46 species of ectoparasites were identified from a total of 2463 individuals collected. Among the ectoparasites found, six species collected are of known medical importance namely Ixodes granulatus (ticks) Laelaps nuttalli (mesostigmatid mites), Leptotrombidium deliense (trombiculid mites), Sarcoptes scabiei (astigmatid mites), Polypax spinulosa, and Hoplopleura dissicula (lice). Further surveys are recommended for more comprehensive inventory of ectoparasites in different locations and habitats that can build up extensive wealth of information on various aspects such as host-parasite relationship, biology and ecology.

ABSTRAK

Tinjauan lapangan fauna ektoparasit pada mamalia kecil (Rodentia dan Scandentia) telah dijalankan sejak dari tahun 2008 hingga 2019 di 12 lokasi di Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo). Objektif tinjauan lapangan ini adalah untuk mendapatkan senarai semak awal mengenai taburan ektoparasit dan perumahnya (Rodent dan Scandents) di Sarawak dan untuk mengetahui ektoparasit yang penting untuk kesihatan awam. Sepanjang tinjauan ini, tujuh jenis habitat telah dicatatkan dari 12 lokasi kawasan kajian iaitu hutan dipterocarp dataran rendah, hutan dipterocarp campuran, hutan dipterocarp bukit, hutan sungai, hutan batu kapur, hutan sekunder, dan kawasan urban. Sebanyak 50 hingga 100 perangkap telah digunakan untuk memerangkap perumah selama lima hingga enam hari berturut-turut dan ektoparasit diekstrak dari setiap perumah yang ditangkap menggunakan sikat halus dan forsep. Pengenalpastian ektoparasit adalah berdasarkan morfologi dari kunci yang ada, gambar dan rujukan taksonomi yang telah diterbitkan. Sejumlah 148 haiwan yang terdiri daripada 22 spesies rodents dan scadents telah ditangkap dan disaring untuk kehadiran ektoparasit. Daripada haiwan perumah ini, 46 spesies ektoparasit telah dikenal pasti daripada jumlah keseluruhan 2,463 individu yang telah dikumpulkan. Antara ektoparasit yang dijumpai, lima spesies yang dikumpulkan mempunyai kepentingan perubatan iaitu Ixodes granulatus (sengkenit), Laelaps nuttalli (hama mesostigmatid), Leptotrombidium deliense (tungau), Sarcoptes scabiei (hama astigmatid), Polypax spinulosa dan Hoplopleura disicula (kutu). Tinjauan lebih lanjut adalah disarankan untuk persediaan kajian ektoparasit yang lebih komprehensif di lokasi dan habitat yang berbeza yang supaya dapat mengumpulkan banyak maklumat mengenai pelbagai aspek seperti hubungan parasit-perumah, biologi dan ekologi.

Kata kunci: Ektoparasit, mamalia kecil, Rodentia, Scandentia, Borneo Malaysia

10aectoparasites10aMalaysian Borneo10arodentia10aScandentia10aSmall mammals1 aMadinah, Adrus1 aMohd_Jazman, Nur_Akifah1 aRaja_Nur-Atiqah, Raja_Azizi1 aMariana, Ahamad1 aAbdullah, Mohd-Tajuddin uhttps://ejournal.ukm.my/serangga/article/view/4588603875nas a2200349 4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210006900138260001600207300001000223490000700233520289600240653001803136653001003154653000903164653001803173653001603191653001003207653001203217653002203229653001103251100002503262700002303287700001803310700003103328700002103359700002303380700002403403700002203427700003203449856004403481 2021 eng d a2076-081700aRodent Ectoparasites in the Middle East: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis0 aRodent Ectoparasites in the Middle East A Systematic Review and  cJan-31-2021 a22 pp0 v103 a

Rodents carry many ectoparasites, such as ticks, lice, fleas, and mites, which have potential public health importance. Middle Eastern countries are hotspots for many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, such as plague, leishmaniasis, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Q fever, due to their ecological, socioeconomic, and political diversity. Rodent ectoparasites can act as vectors for many of these pathogens. Knowledge of rodent ectoparasites is of prime importance in controlling rodent ectoparasite-borne zoonotic diseases in this region. The current systematic review and meta-analysis performs a comprehensive synthesis of the available knowledge, providing an evidence-based overview of the ectoparasites detected on rodents in Middle Eastern countries. Following a systematic search in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science, a total of 113 published articles on rodent ectoparasites were studied and analyzed. A total of 87 rodent species were documented, from which Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus were found to be the most common. Fleas were the most reported ectoparasites (87 articles), followed by mites (53), ticks (44), and lice (25). Xenopsylla cheopis, Polyplax spinulosa, Ornithonyssus bacoti, and Hyalomma rhipicephaloides were the most commonly described fleas, lice, mites, and ticks, respectively. Based on the reviewed articles, the median flea, louse, mite, and tick indices were highest in Israel (4.15), Egypt (1.39), Egypt (1.27), and Saudi Arabia (1.17), respectively. Quantitative meta-analysis, using a random-effects model, determined the overall pooled flea prevalence in the Middle East as 40% (95% CI: 25–55, I2 = 100%, p < 0.00001), ranging between 13% (95% CI: 0–30, I2 = 95%, p < 0.00001) in Iran and 59% (95% CI: 42–77, I2 = 75%, p < 0.00001) in Israel. The overall pooled louse prevalence was found to be 30% (95% CI: 13–47, I2 = 100%, p < 0.00001), ranging between 25% in Iran (95% CI: 1–50, I2 = 99%) and 38% in Egypt (95% CI: 7–68, I2 = 100%). In the case of mites, the pooled prevalence in this region was 33% (95% CI: 11–55, I2 = 100%, p < 0.00001), where the country-specific prevalence estimates were 30% in Iran (95% CI: 4–56, I2 = 99%) and 32% in Egypt (95% CI: 0–76, I2 = 100%). For ticks, the overall prevalence was found to be 25% (95% CI: 2–47, I2 = 100%, p < 0.00001), ranging from 16% in Iran (95% CI: 7–25, I2 = 74%) to 42% in Egypt (95% CI: 1–85, I2 = 100%). The control of rodent ectoparasites should be considered to reduce their adverse effects. Using the One Health strategy, rodent control, and precisely control of the most common rodent species, i.e., Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus, should be considered to control the rodent-borne ectoparasites in this region.

10aectoparasites10afleas10alice10ameta-analysis10aMiddle East10amites10arodents10asystematic review10aticks.1 aIslam, Md., Mazharul1 aFarag, Elmoubashar1 aEltom, Khalid1 aHassan, Mohammad, Mahmudul1 aBansal, Devendra1 aSchaffner, Francis1 aMedlock, Jolyon, M.1 aAl-Romaihi, Hamad1 aMkhize-Kwitshana, Zilungile uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/2/13902439nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260001600258490000800274520174700282653000902029653000802038100001602046700002602062700002702088700001902115700002302134856007602157 2021 eng d a0001-706X00aThe pests of a pest: A systematic review of ectoparasitic fauna among synanthropic rodents in the 21st century with meta-analysis0 apests of a pest A systematic review of ectoparasitic fauna among cMar-01-20210 v2153 a

Synanthropic rodents are important urban pests that frequently carry hematophagous ectoparasites. These blood-sucking pests are capable of transmitting epizootic and zoonotic pathogens by landing on one host after feeding on an infected animal. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasites carried by synanthropic rodents and discuss the pathogens that are associated with these external parasites. We searched relevant literatures using predefined criteria in the following databases: EMBASE, PUBMED, Web of Science and Scopus from January 2000 to June 2020. Quality of studies was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Of 35 included studies from 15 countries in Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania, black rats (Rattus rattus), brown rats (Rattus norvegicus), pacific rats (Rattus exulans) and house mice (Mus musculus) were common synanthropic rodents. Mites (Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes and Trombidiformes) were the most prevalent (42.6%, 37 95% CI 26-59.2), followed by ticks (Ixodida) (21.5%, 95% CI 10.5-32.6), lice (Phthiraptera) 38 (17.8%, 95% CI 7.7-27.9) and fleas (Siphonaptera) (14.1%, 95% CI 10.1-18.1). Heterogeneity (I2 39 >96%) across studies was statistically significant. The ectoparasitic fauna was shared considerably by different urban rodent species and appeared to be more diverse in R. rattus and R. norvegicus. Nonetheless, pathogens carried by these ectoparasites were rarely investigated. In conclusion, ectoparasites are ubiquitous in urban-dwelling rodents but our understanding of the epidemiology and the associated pathogens of these parasites remains limited. Further studies are warranted to unravel the pathogen landscape found in rodent-associated ectoparasites.

10alice10arat1 aHo, Jeffery1 aChangbunjong, Tanasak1 aWeluwanarak, Thekhawet1 aHussain, Sabir1 aSparagano, Olivier uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001706X2031715002895nas a2200277 4500008004100000022002500041245012100066210006900187260001600256300001400272490000700286520199300293653001802286653002802304653001602332653002202348653003102370653002902401653001802430653001202448100002002460700002202480700002802502700002302530856006402553 2021 eng d a2231-0916, 0972-898800aCross-sectional seasonal prevalence and relative risk of ectoparasitic infestations of rodents in North Sinai, Egypt0 aCrosssectional seasonal prevalence and relative risk of ectopara cNov-27-2021 a2996-30060 v143 a

Background and Aim: Rodents are ubiquitous animals that host ectoparasites and transmit zoonotic diseases. We conducted a cross-sectional study on the seasonal variation, period prevalence (Pp), and relative risk of ectoparasitic infestations in rodents collected in North Sinai, Egypt, from September 2019 to August 2020.

Materials and Methods: We captured 380 rodents during the study period. Rodents were euthanized to perform species identification, and 2930 external parasites were collected and identified using light microscopic examination with systemic keys depending on morphological characters.

Results: Rattus norvegicus (brown rat), Rattus rattus frugivorus (white-bellied rat), Rattus rattus alexandrines (gray-bellied rat), and Mus musculus domesticus (house mouse) were captured at the highest frequencies during summer (n=186), followed by spring (n=84), fall (n=71), and winter (n=39), with a higher proportion of males captured in all seasons. Analysis of the infestation Pp revealed highly significant increases (p<0.01) in ectoparasites during the winter. Temperature, humidity, and dew point were significantly (p<0.01) correlated with the numbers of captured and infested rodents. Parasitological examinations showed the higher risks of flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea, Xenopsylla cheopis, and Leptopsylla segnis) and lice (Hoplopleura hirsuta, Hoplopleura ocanthopus, Hoplopleura oenomydis, and Polyplax spinulosa) infestations during winter and mite (Laelaps nuttalli, Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus bacoti, and Myobia musculi) infestations during summer.

Conclusion: We conclude that ectoparasitic infestation prevalence and risk varies with predominating macroclimatic conditions. Strict preventive and biosecurity measures should be applied to combat rodent-related problems.

10aectoparasites10aMus musculus domesticus10aNorth Sinai10aperiod prevalence10aRattus rattus alexandrines10aRattus rattus frugivorus10arelative risk10arodents1 aFarid, Doaa, S.1 aSallam, Nahla, H.1 aEldein, Ahmed, M. Salah1 aSoliman, Essam, S. uhttp://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/November-2021/21.html02751nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260001600206300001000222490000700232520207800239653002002317653001802337653002602355653001702381653001802398653002402416653001302440100002302453856004502476 2022 eng d a2075-172900aGenomic Approaches to Uncovering the Coevolutionary History of Parasitic Lice0 aGenomic Approaches to Uncovering the Coevolutionary History of P cSep-16-2022 a17 pp0 v123 a

Simple Summary
New sequencing technologies have now made it possible to sequence entire genomes for a diversity of life on earth. Parasites comprise nearly half of all species. Lice are one important group of parasites of birds and mammals, including humans. Genome sequencing approaches have been applied to this group of parasites to uncover patterns of diversification. These patterns can be compared to the patterns of diversification in their hosts. Key findings from these studies have revealed that parasitic lice likely originated on birds and then switched to mammals multiple times. Within groups of birds and mammals, the evolutionary trees of lice match those for mammal hosts more than those for birds. Genomic approaches have also revealed that individual birds and mammals harbor distinct populations of lice. Thus, these new techniques allow for the study of patterns of diversification at a wide variety of scales.

Abstract

Next-generation sequencing technologies are revolutionizing the fields of genomics, phylogenetics, and population genetics. These new genomic approaches have been extensively applied to a major group of parasites, the lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) of birds and mammals. Two louse genomes have been assembled and annotated to date, and these have opened up new resources for the study of louse biology. Whole genome sequencing has been used to assemble large phylogenomic datasets for lice, incorporating sequences of thousands of genes. These datasets have provided highly supported trees at all taxonomic levels, ranging from relationships among the major groups of lice to those among closely related species. Such approaches have also been applied at the population scale in lice, revealing patterns of population subdivision and inbreeding. Finally, whole genome sequence datasets can also be used for additional study beyond that of the louse nuclear genome, such as in the study of mitochondrial genome fragmentation or endosymbiont function.

10acryptic species10aendosymbionts10amitochondrial genomes10aPhthiraptera10aPhylogenomics10apopulation genomics10asea lice1 aJohnson, Kevin, P. uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/9/144201871nas a2200205 4500008004100000022002500041245015100066210006900217260001400286300001400300490000800314520116400322653002601486653001901512653001701531100002501548700001901573700002401592856004901616 2021 eng d a0024-4082, 1096-364200aComparative phylogeography between parasitic sucking lice and their host the Namaqua rock mouse, Micaelamys namaquensis (Rodentia: Muridae)0 aComparative phylogeography between parasitic sucking lice and th cJuly 2021 a1017-10280 v1923 a

To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms affecting parasite gene dispersal and subsequent evolution, we investigated mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogeographic structures of two ectoparasitic louse species, Polyplax praomydis and Hoplopleura patersoni, and compared this to their host Micaelamys namaquensis. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data derived from 13 geographic populations resulted in the detection of distinct phylogenetic clades within the parasite and host species. Strong support for host–parasite co-divergence was found over larger geographic scales but failed to show complete co-divergence over fine geographic scales. This finding led to the partial rejection of the hypothesis that the evolution of species-specific permanent parasites will mirror the phylogeographic pattern of their host. JANE co-phylogenetic reconstructions support the notion that host switching best explains the discrepancies in geographic patterns. We conclude that host specificity and permanency on the host only plays a partial role in maintaining co-divergences between parasites and their hosts.

10ahost-parasite systems10aphylogeography10aSouth Africa1 aBothma, Johannes, C.1 aMatthee, Sonja1 aMatthee, Conrad, A. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa12201118nas a2200193 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136300001000205490000700215520049500222653002800717653001700745653002300762653001100785653002200796100002400818700002500842856005700867 2005 eng d00aArthropods occurring on Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) (Rodentia: Muridae) in Poland0 aArthropods occurring on Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout 1769 Rodent a35-440 v533 a

Arthropods obtained on Rattus norvegicus from Wroclaw in 2003–2004 were studied. Also based on literature all arthropods occurring on this host in Poland are mentioned: 3 species of Anoplura, 12 species of Siphonaptera and at last 44 species of Acari. Arthropod communities and dynamic structure of arthropods for brown rat from Poland are given

Polish title: STAWONOGI WYST*PUJ(CE NA RATTUS NORVEGICUS (BERKENHOUT, 1769) (RODENTIA: MURIDAE) W POLSCE

10aArthropods communities10adistribution10adynamic structure10aPoland10aRattus norvegicus1 aHaitlinger, Ryszard1 aJankowska, Agnieszka uhttp://zeszyty.bihz.up.wroc.pl/archivum/z53-2005.pdf02229nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130300001000199490000700209520167500216653001001891653001401901653002201915653001201937653001701949100002401966856005701990 2009 eng d00aArthropods (Acari, Anoplura, Siphonaptera) of small mammals of the Lubuskie Province0 aArthropods Acari Anoplura Siphonaptera of small mammals of the L a19-380 v593 a

1283 arthropods belonging to ~84 species were obtained from 15 species of small mammals: 976 Acari at least of 62 species, 85 Anoplura of 7 species and 123 Siphonaptera of 15 species. Ctenophthalmus bisoctodentatus, C. congener, Doratoipsylla dasycnema, Palaeopsylla kohauti, Hoplopleura afinis, H. edentula, H. longula and 24 species of Acari are recorded for the irst time from the Lubuskie province. Most species of arthropods (47 ) were collected from Myodes glareolus and Apodemus agrarius (35). Most arthropods were collected from M. glareolus (326) and Apodemus sylvaticus (213). The most numerous arthropods were Laelaps agilis, Glycyphagus hypudaei, Ixodes ricinus, Listrophorus brevipes, Echinonyssus sunci and Laelaps hilaris.

Polish title: Stawonogi (Acari, Anoplura, Siphonaptera) drobnych ssaków województwa lubuskiego

Polish Abstract: 1283 stawonogi należące do ~82 gatunków zebrano z 15 gatunków drobnych ssaków: 976 Acari (62 gatunki), 85 Anoplura (7) i 123 Siphonaptera (15). Ctenophthalmus bisoctodentatus, C. congener, Doratopsylla dasycnema, Palaeopsylla kohauti, Hoplopleura affinis, H. edentula, H. longula i 30 gatunków Acari znaleziono po raz pierwszy w województwie lubuskim. Najwięcej gatunków stawonogów (47) znaleziono naMyodes glareolus iApodemus agrarius (35). Najwięcej stawonogów zebrano z M. glareolus (326 osobników) iApodemus sylvaticus (213). Najliczniejszymi stawonogami byıy: Laelaps agilis, Glycyphagus hypudaei, Ixodes ricinus, Listrophorus brevi-pes, Echinonyssus sunci i Laelaps hilaris

10aAcari10afaunistic10aLubuskie province10amammals10aSiphonaptera1 aHaitlinger, Ryszard uhttp://zeszyty.bihz.up.wroc.pl/archivum/z59-2009.pdf01362nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142300001000211490000700221520067000228653001000898653001300908653001400921653003200935653001200967653001700979100002400996856014801020 2011 eng d00aArthropods (Acari, Anoplura, Siphonaptera) of small mammals from the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province0 aArthropods Acari Anoplura Siphonaptera of small mammals from the a59-780 v633 a

1176 arthropods belonging to ~ 80 species were obtained from 433 small mammals belonging to 17 species: 925 Acari at least of 56 species, 122 Anoplura of 7 species and 129 Siphonatera of 17 species. 39 species are recorded for the first time from Kujawsko-Pomorskie province. Most species of arthropods (45) were collected from Myodes glareolus and Apodemus agrarius (37). The most
numerous arthropods were Ixodes ricinus, Laelaps agilis, Neotrombicula vulgaris and Hirsutiella zachvatkini

 

Polish title: STAWONOGI (ACARI, ANOPLURA, SIPHONAPTERA) DROBNYCH SSAKÓW WOJEWÓDZTWA KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIEGO

10aAcari10aAnoplura10afaunistic10aKujawsko-Pomorskie province10amammals10aSiphonaptera1 aHaitlinger, Ryszard uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/273776907_Arthropods_Acari_Anoplura_Siphonaptera_of_small_mammals_from_the_Kujawsko-Pomorskie_province02960nas a2200253 4500008004100000022002500041245010600066210006900172260001600241300001200257490000700269520218500276653001502461653000902476653001502485653001202500653001302512100003002525700002702555700001902582700002002601700002402621856006102645 2021 eng d a1530-3667, 1557-775900aNew Records of Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. in Lice Collected from Small Rodents0 aNew Records of iBartonellai spp and iRickettsiai spp in Lice Col cMay-01-2021 a342-3500 v213 a

Lice are blood-sucking insects that are of medical and veterinary significance as parasites and vectors for various infectious agents. More than half of described blood-sucking lice species are found on rodents. Rodents are important hosts of several Bartonella and Rickettsia species, and some of these bacteria are characterized as human pathogens in Europe. Rodent ectoparasites, such as fleas and ticks, are important vectors of Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp., but knowledge about the presence of these bacteria in lice is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Bartonella and Rickettsia bacteria in lice collected from rodents in Slovakia. The ectoparasites were collected from small rodents captured from 2010 to 2015 at four different sites in eastern Slovakia. The presence of Bartonella and Rickettsia species in lice samples was screened by real-time PCR, targeting ssrA and gltA genes, respectively. The molecular characterization of the Bartonella strains was based on sequence analysis of partial rpoB and intergenic spacer (ITS) genes, and of the Rickettsia species on sequence analysis of the gltA gene. A total of 1074 lice of seven species were collected from six rodent species. Bartonella DNA was detected in Hoplopleura affinis (collected from Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, and Myodes glareolus), Polyplax serrata (from A. agrarius), and Hoplopleura sp. (from A. flavicollis). Sequence analysis revealed that the Bartonella strains belonged to the Bartonella coopersplainsensis, Bartonella tribocorum, and Bartonella taylorii genogroups. Rickettsia DNA was detected in H. affinis and P. serrata collected from A. agrarius. Sequence analysis revealed two Rickettsia species: Rickettsia helvetica and Rickettsia sp. The results of the study confirm the presence of Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. in lice collected from rodents.

Attachment is the preprint version, Preprint version see https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-66143/v1 or https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-66143/v1

For the printed version visit the publisher website https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/vbz.2020.2722

10aBartonella10alice10aRickettsia10arodents10aSlovakia1 aAleksandravičienė, Asta1 aPaulauskas, Algimantas1 aStanko, Michal1 aFričová, Jana1 aRadzijevskaja, Jana uhttps://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/vbz.2020.272202285nas a2200217 4500008004100000022002500041245018200066210006900248260001600317490000600333520155500339653001201894653001301906653001201919653001701931653001301948100002001961700002101981700002202002856004302024 2021 eng d a1314-2828, 1314-283600aThe first description of the nymphal stages of Hoplopleura longula (Psocodea: Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the harvest mouse Micromys minutus (Rodentia: Muridae)0 afirst description of the nymphal stages of iHoplopleura longulai cApr-19-20210 v93 a

Despite the widespread belief that an extensive body of knowledge exists for the sucking lice (Anoplura), some of their common, Eurasian or even cosmopolitan species still lack complete taxonomic descriptions, especially those for their nymphal stages. This applies especially to the most common rodent parasites: the lice of the genus Hoplopleura. In Europe, only two of the five most common Hoplopleura species have full taxonomic characteristics with a description of the nymphal stages. This study enriches the current state of knowledge for another species, Hoplopleura longula and presents the first description of its nymphal stages. The study includes five rare louse specimens (two nymphs I, one nymph II, two nymphs III) of H. longula collected from 63 Eurasian harvest mice Micromys minutus. The collected lice were fixed and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol solution and then placed in polyvinyl-lactophenol to form total preparations. Only two of the five species found in Eurasia (H. acanthopus, H. affinis, H. captiosa, H. edentula and H. longula) have been given full taxonomic descriptions, including immature stages. This paper presents a description of the nymphal stages of H. longula (described for the first time).

10amammals10aparasite10arodents10asucking lice10ataxonomy1 aKozina, Paulina1 aIzdebska, J., N.1 aKowalczyk, Rafał uhttps://bdj.pensoft.net/article/63747/01541nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127300001000196490000800206520096500214653001001179653001101189653001701200100002401217856014201241 2006 eng d00aARTHROPODS OCCURRING ON MUS MUSCULUS LINNAEUS, 1758 (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA: MURIDAE)0 aARTHROPODS OCCURRING ON MUS MUSCULUS LINNAEUS 1758 MAMMALIA RODE a43-570 vLIV3 a

Abstract: In 1969–2005, 237 specimens of Mus musculus were obtained from different localities in Poland from which 83 specimens of Siphonaptera (6 species), 40 specimens of Anoplura (3) and 514 specimens of Acari (50) were collected. Total number of arthropod species found hitherto on M. musculus in Poland amount 99 species (including species mentioned in literature). Listrophorus meridionalis is new to the fauna of Poland. The most numerous species on M. musculus in Poland are: Myocoptes musculinus, Listrophorus sp., Leptopsylla segnis, Proctolaelaps pygmaeus, Listrophorus meridionalis and Myobia murismusculi. Check lists for biological groups of arthropods found on M. musculus are given.

Polish title: STAWONOGI WYSTĘPUJĄCE NA MUS MUSCULUS LINNAEUS, 1758 (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA: MURIDAE) W POLSCE

http://zeszyty.bihz.up.wroc.pl/archivum/z54-2006.pdf  (page 43-57)

10aAcari10aPoland10aSiphonaptera1 aHaitlinger, Ryszard uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/274388323_Arthropods_occurring_on_Mus_musculus_Linnaeus_1758_Mammalia_Rodentia_Muridae_in_Poland02949nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260001600232300001000248490000700258520221700265100002402482700002602506700002602532700002602558700002602584700001902610700002402629856007802653 2015 eng d a1932-620300aThe Distribution and Diversity of Bartonella Species in Rodents and Their Ectoparasites across Thailand0 aDistribution and Diversity of Bartonella Species in Rodents and  cOct-20-2015 a16 pp0 v103 a

Our study highlights the surveillance of Bartonella species among rodents and their associated ectoparasites (ticks, fleas, lice, and mites) in several regions across Thailand. A total of 619 rodents and 554 pooled ectoparasites (287 mite pools, 62 flea pools, 35 louse pools, and 170 tick pools) were collected from 8 provinces within 4 regions of Thailand. Bandicota indica (279), Rattus rattus (163), and R. exulans (96) were the most prevalent species of rats collected in this study. Real-time PCR assay targeting Bartonella-specific ssrA gene was used for screening and each positive sample was confirmed by PCR using nuoG gene. The prevalence of Bartonella DNA in rodent (around 17%) was recorded in all regions. The highest prevalence of Bartonella species was found in B. savilei and R. rattus with the rate of 35.7% (5/14) and 32.5% (53/163), respectively. High prevalence of Bartonella-positive rodent was also found in B. indica (15.1%, 42/279), and R. norvegicus (12.5%, 5/40). In contrast, the prevalence of Bartonella species in ectoparasites collected from the rats varied significantly according to types of ectoparasites. A high prevalence of Bartonella DNA was found in louse pools (Polyplax spp. and Hoplopleura spp., 57.1%) and flea pools (Xenopsylla cheopis, 25.8%), while a low prevalence was found in pools of mites (Leptotrombidium spp. and Ascoschoengastia spp., 1.7%) and ticks (Haemaphysalis spp., 3.5%). Prevalence of Bartonella DNA in ectoparasites collected from Bartonella-positive rodents (19.4%) was significantly higher comparing to ectoparasites from Bartonella-negative rodents (8.7%). The phylogenetic analysis of 41 gltA sequences of 16 Bartonella isolates from rodent blood and 25 Bartonella-positive ectoparasites revealed a wide range of diversity among Bartonella species with a majority of sequences (61.0%) belonging to Bartonella elizabethae complex (11 rodents, 1 mite pool, and 5 louse pools), while the remaining sequences were identical to B. phoceensis (17.1%, 1 mite pool, 5 louse pools, and 1 tick pool), B. coopersplainensis (19.5%, 5 rodents, 1 louse pool, and 2 tick pools), and one previously unidentified Bartonella species (2.4%, 1 louse pool).

1 aKlangthong, Kewalin1 aPromsathaporn, Sommai1 aLeepitakrat, Surachai1 aSchuster, Anthony, L.1 aMcCardle, Patrick, W.1 aKosoy, Michael1 aTakhampunya, Ratree uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.014085603618nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245014300055210006900198260001600267300001200283490000700295520285100302653001603153653002103169653002703190653001503217653001303232653002203245100002103267700002403288856007603312 2021 eng d a1226-861500aHost-ectoparasite associations; the role of host traits, season and habitat on parasitism interactions of the rodents of northeastern Iran0 aHostectoparasite associations the role of host traits season and cApr-01-2021 a308-3190 v243 a

Attached pdf is a preprint version, https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-42804/v1. The printed version can be obtain from publisher - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1226861520307706.

Preprint link https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-42804/v1

Highlights

•    New insights were given on host-ectoparasite associations in northeastern Iran.

•    Nosopsyllus fasciatus and Polyplax asiatica were dominant flea and louse on rodents.
•    Nosopsyllus fasciatus exhibits low and Polyplax asiatica moderate host specificity.

•    Haemaphysalis punctata and Haemolaelaps sp. were the most abundant tick and mite.
•    Seasonal fluctuations were found in the occurrence of ectoparasite on rodents.

Rodents play a significant role as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases. Nevertheless, in general their ectoparasite assemblage and host-ectoparasite associations are poorly known. This study intended to provide new insights into the relationships between ectoparasites and rodents in northeastern Iran. Rodents were captured using live traps during the years 2016–2020, and their ectoparasites were collected. Parasitological indices such as infestation rate, prevalence and mean intensity of infestation were analyzed. A total of 284 rodents, belonging to 17 species, were trapped and found to be infested by 178 ectoparasites from five orders Siphonaptera, Phthiraptera, Ixodida, Mesostigmata and Trombidiformes. The overall infestation rate was 50.3%. The flea Nosopsyllus fasciatus and the louse Polyplax asiatica dominated among all fleas and lice, respectively. Haemaphysalis punctata and Haemolaelaps sp. were recorded as the most abundant tick and mite, respectively. Nosopsyllus fasciatus exhibited low and Polyplax asiatica moderate host specificity. Approximately 64.2% of ectoparasites shared more than one host, and others were singletons. Seasonal fluctuations were found in the occurrence of ectoparasite; fleas and lice were more abundant in spring and winter, respectively. Ticks demonstrated high abundance in spring and summer and mites were more common in autumn. The overall prevalence of ectoparasite on male rodents was greater than that on females (56.4% vs. 44.4%), while similar mean intensities were detected for both sexes. This study extends the knowledge on the distribution, seasonality and host choice of four main groups of ectoparasites in association with rodents. Further studies are needed to provide deep insight into how relationships and interactions between ectoparasite and rodents are formed, and how they can be applied in epidemiology.

10aHost choice10ainfestation rate10aParasitic relationship10aPrevalence10arodentia10aZoonotic diseases1 aHamidi, Kordiyeh1 aBueno-Marí, Rubén uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S122686152030770602464nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260001600247300001200263490000700275520174700282653001802029653001002047653003302057653002202090653003102112653003002143100002102173856005202194 2013 eng d a2090-254900aMONTHLY ABUNDANCE OF RODENT AND THEIR ECTOPARASITES IN NEWLY SETTLED AREAS, EAST OF LAKES, ISMAILIA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT0 aMONTHLY ABUNDANCE OF RODENT AND THEIR ECTOPARASITES IN NEWLY SET cAug-01-2013 a387-3980 v433 a

Rodents and their ectoparasites were studied inside and outside houses in the newly settled areas, east of lakes, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Forty traps per month in each of the two sides were used for collecting rodent during 2009. From
221 rodent were collected from inside houses; Mus musculus N=115 (52.04%), Rattus rattus. frugivorous N=54 (24.43%), R. r. alexandrinus N=40 (18.10%) and R. norvegicus N=12 (5.43%). From 177 rodent were collected from outside houses; M. musculus N=4 (2.3%), R. r. frugivorous N=29 (16.43%), R. r. alexandrinus N=37 (20.9%), R. norvegicus N=36 (20.3%), Gerbillus pyramidum N= 67 (37.9%  and Jaculus jaculus N=4 (2.3%). Total ectoparasites per rat inside houses were 765 (3.46 E/Rat) which were classified as fleas, N=464 (2.11 F/R); lice N=150 (0.68 L/R) and mites N=151 (0.68 M/R). From outside house, total ectoparasites per rat were 984 (5.5 E/R) which were classified as fleas, N=410(2.31 F/R); lice N=100 (0.56 L/R), mites N=400 (2.23 M/R) and ticks, N=74 (0.42 T/R). From indoors two
fleas species were recorded (Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenopsyllus segnis); one species of lice (Polyplax spinulosa) and four species of mites (Laelaps nuttall, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Dermanyssus gallinae and Eulaelaps stabularis). The outdoors ectoparasites were; six fleas species (X. cheopis, X. ramesis, Pulex irritans, C. segnis, Stenoponia tripectinata and Nosopsylla sinaiensis); one lice species (P. spinulosa); Six mites species (L. nuttalli, O. bacoti, D. gallinae, E. stabularis, Haemogamasus pontiger and Hirstionyssus isabellinus) and immature stages of two ticks species (Rhipicephalus sp. and Hyalomma sp.). Most of these ectoparasites were recorded infesting G. pyramidu

10aectoparasites10aEgypt10aIsmailia Governorate Rodents10aNewly settlement.10aRattus rattus alexandrinus10aRattus rattus frugivorous1 aBahgat, Iman, M. uhttps://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_94815.html02265nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245022000055210006900275260001600344300000800360490000700368520145700375653001401832653002201846653002001868653002401888653001701912100002001929700002101949700002101970856004401991 2022 eng d a2075-445000aDescription of the Nymphal Stages of Hoplopleura affinis (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the Striped Field Mouse Apodemus agrarius with a Global Checklist of Hoplopleura Species from the Genus Apodemus0 aDescription of the Nymphal Stages of iHoplopleura affinisi Anopl cJan-18-2022 a1070 v133 a

The genus Hoplopleura is the most speciose genus of sucking lice observed parasitizing rodents and lagomorphs (pikas). Despite the fact that the majority of Anoplura are believed to be monoxenic, many species within Hoplopleura may be oligoxenic. In addition, the occurrence of more than one parasite species per host species on individuals has been confirmed. As such, a precise species identification of the parasite, especially of the nymphs, is of high significance. The study is based on the material of 245 sucking louse specimens taken from 179 individuals of the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius collected between 2008 and 2017. The study employs scanning microscopy to provide superior quality resolution of the studied traits. The study presents the first record of the characters of the nymphal stages of H. affinis, one of the common Eurasian species of the genus. Additional aspects of the biology and the host–parasite relationship of H. affinis are presented, e.g., female, male and nymphs of lice, showing different preferences in the choice of location (topography) on the host body. In addition, a global checklist has been made of all the species of Hoplopleura found parasitizing rodents of the genus Apodemus. Generally, the ranges of the occurrence of lice of this genus coincide with the geographic distribution of typical hosts, although this has not always been confirmed by local studies.

10achecklist10afirst description10aimmature stages10astriped field mouse10asucking lice1 aKozina, Paulina1 aIzdebska, J., N.1 aŁopucki, Rafał uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/2/10701477nas a2200205 4500008004100000022002500041245016700066210006900233260001600302300001000318490000900328520074500337653003101082653002401113653001601137100001401153700002201167700001601189856006601205 2022 eng d a1175-5334, 1175-532600aA new species of sucking louse (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the pale field rat, Rattus tunneyi (Rodentia: Muridae), in Australia0 anew species of sucking louse Psocodea Phthiraptera Anoplura Hopl cJan-14-2022 a85-940 v50913 a

We describe and illustrate a new species of sucking louse, Hoplopleura tunneya new species, from the Australian pale field rat, Rattus tunneyi Thomas (Rodentia: Muridae). Currently, 22 species of the genus Hoplopleura Enderlein, 1904 (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) are known from Australian endemic rodents. Among the seven “new endemic” rodent species of the genus Rattus in Australia, R. tunneyi is one of five hosts to Hoplopleura lice. In addition, we give a list of all the species of Hoplopleura known from Australian endemic rodents. Including the introduced species Polyplax spinulosa, the total number of sucking louse species known from Australian endemic rodents is now 24.  

10aendemic Australian rodents10aHoplopleura tunneya10anew species1 aWang, Wei1 aDurden, Lance, A.1 aShao, Renfu uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.5091.3.703003nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260001300243300001200256490000700268520210700275653002602382653001102408653000902419653001002428653001202438653001002450100002002460700003102480700002402511700003402535700002702569700001902596700002202615856007602637 2020 eng d a0020-751900aForest edges affect ectoparasite infestation patterns of small mammalian hosts in fragmented forests in Madagascar0 aForest edges affect ectoparasite infestation patterns of small m cApr-2020 a299-3130 v503 a

Habitat loss and fragmentation drive the worldwide depletion of biodiversity. Although it is known that anthropogenic disturbances severely affect host and ecosystem integrity, effects on parasites are largely understudied. This study aims to investigate if and how habitat fragmentation affects the composition of ectoparasite communities on small mammalian hosts in two networks of dry deciduous forest fragments in northwestern Madagascar. Forest sites differing in size, proportion of edge habitat and host density were studied in the Ankarafantsika National Park and in the Mariarano region. A total of 924 individuals of two mouse lemur species, Microcebus murinus (n=200) and Microcebus ravelobensis (n=426), and two rodent species, endemic Eliurus myoxinus (n=114) and introduced Rattus rattus (n=184), were captured to assess ectoparasite infestations. Ectoparasite prevalence and ectoparasite species richness (EPSR) were statistically related to nine ecological variables applying generalized linear mixed models. Hosts harbored ticks (Haemaphysalis microcebi), mites (Schoutedenichia microcebi, Listrophoroides spp., Laelaptidae gen. spp.) and sucking lice (Lemurpediculus spp., Polyplax sp., Hoplopleuridae gen. sp.). Parasite prevalence differed significantly between host species for all detected parasite taxa. Proximity to the forest edge led to a significant reduction in ectoparasites. Parasite-specific edge effects were observed up to a distance of 750 m from the forest edge. The obtained results imply that habitat fragmentation impacts ectoparasite communities, in particular by negatively affecting temporary parasite species. The results are best explained by an interplay of parasite life cycles, responses to changes in abiotic factors induced by edges and host-specific responses to habitat fragmentation. The negative responses of most studied ectoparasite taxa to forest edges and habitat fragmentation demonstrate their ecological vulnerability that may eventually threaten the integrity of ecosystems and potentially impact ectoparasite biodiversity worldwide.

10ahabitat fragmentation10aLemurs10alice10amites10arodents10aticks1 aKiene, Frederik1 aAndriatsitohaina, Bertrand1 aRamsay, Malcolm, S.1 aRakotondramanana, Herinjatovo1 aRakotondravony, Romule1 aRadespiel, Ute1 aStrube, Christina uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002075192030059X01405nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245004000055210003900095260001300134300001200147490000700159520078000166653001100946653001300957653001400970653001100984653001000995653001001005653001401015653001501029653001401044100001801058700001901076856004401095 2020 eng d a1660-460100aEvolution, Prehistory and Vitamin D0 aEvolution Prehistory and Vitamin D cJan-2020 a646-6530 v173 a

Aspects of human evolutionary biology and prehistory are discussed in relation to vitamin D. The evolution of hairlessness, combined with the need for efficient eccrine sweat production for cooling, provided evolutionary pressure to protect the skin from ultraviolet damage by developing cutaneous pigmentation. There was a subsequent loss of pigmentation as humans journeyed to northern latitudes. Their increasing mastery of technology outstripped evolution’s finite pace as further dispersal occurred around the globe. A timeline for the development of clothing to provide warmth, and the consequent shielding from ultraviolet light, which diminished vitamin D synthesis, can be inferred by an examination of mutations in the human louse.

10aAfrica10aClothing10aEvolution10afolate10ahuman10alouse10aMigration10atechnology10avitamin D1 aJarrett, Paul1 aScragg, Robert uhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/2/64603094nas a2200469 4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260001300271300000900284490000800293520156800301653001001869653003401879653001301913653001201926653000901938653001301947653001201960653001201972653001001984100003001994700001902024700003002043700002302073700002402096700003102120700002802151700003602179700003302215700003302248700003102281700003002312700003302342700002102375700003202396700002502428700003502453700003302488700002902521856007402550 2020 eng d a0001-706X00aLow occurrence of Bartonella in synanthropic mammals and associated ectoparasites in peri-urban areas from Central-Western and Southern Brazil0 aLow occurrence of Bartonella in synanthropic mammals and associa cJul-2020 a7 pp0 v2073 a

Worldwide, Bartonella species are known to infect a wide range of mammalian and arthropod hosts, including humans. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Bartonella spp. in synanthropic mammals captured in peri-urban areas from Central-Western and Southern Brazil and their ectoparasites. For this aim, 160 mammals belonging to four species, and 218 associated arthropods were sampled. DNA was extracted and subjected to different Bartonella screening assays. Additionally, blood samples from 48 small rodents were submitted to liquid BAPGM culture followed by qPCR assay and solid culture. Two out of 55 Rattus rattus captured in Santa Catarina state were PCR-positive for Bartonella when targeting the nuoG, 16S, and ITS loci. Sequences showed high homology with Bartonella coopersplainsensis. Conversely, all 48 small rodents, 14 capybaras and 43 opossum DNA samples from animals trapped in Mato Grosso do Sul were Bartonella negative in the HRM real time PCR assays targeting the ITS locus and gltA gene. Additionally, all mammal-associated ectoparasites showed negativity results based on HRM real time PCR assays. The present study showed, for the first time, the occurrence of B. coopersplainsensis in Brazil, shedding some light on the distribution of rats-related Bartonella in South America. In addition, the majority of rodents and marsupials were negative for Bartonella spp. Since B. coopersplainsensis reservoirs - Rattus spp. - are widely dispersed around the globe, its zoonotic potential should be further investigated.

10aBAPGM10aBartonella coopersplainsensis10acapybara10aculture10alice10aopossums10arodents10as fleas10aticks1 aGonçalves, Luiz, Ricardo1 aHarrus, Shimon1 aHerrera, Heitor, Miraglia1 aGutierrez, Ricardo1 aPedrassani, Daniela1 aNantes, Wesley, Arruda Gim1 aSantos, Filipe, Martins1 aPorfírio, Grasiela, Edith de O1 aBarreto, Wanessa, Teixeira G1 ade Macedo, Gabriel, Carvalho1 aAssis, Willian, de Oliveir1 aCampos, João, Bosco Vile1 ada Silva, Thiago, Merighi Vi1 aBiolchi, Juliano1 ade Sousa, Keyla, Carstens M1 aNachum-Biala, Yaarit1 aBarros-Battesti, Darci, Moraes1 aMachado, Rosangela, Zacarias1 aAndré, Marcos, Rogério uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001706X20305143#!02011nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245019200055210006900247260001200316300001400328490000700342520118500349653004001534653003501574653001601609653003501625100001401660700002201674700001601696856008101712 2021 eng d a0022-258500aTwo New Species of Sucking Lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) from Chestnut Mice, Pseudomys gracilicaudatus and Pseudomys nanus (Rodentia: Muridae), in Australia0 aTwo New Species of Sucking Lice Psocodea Phthiraptera Hoplopleur c02-2021 a1157-11650 v583 a

We describe two new species of sucking lice in the genus Hoplopleura Enderlein, 1904 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) from Australia: Hoplopleura gracilicaudatusa n. sp. from the eastern chestnut mouse Pseudomys gracilicaudatus (Gould) (Rodentia: Muridae), and Hoplopleura nanusa n. sp. from the western chestnut mouse Pseudomys nanus (Gould) (Rodentia: Muridae). Pseudomys Gray is the most speciose genus of rodents endemic to Australia with 24 species; however, only two Pseudomys species have been reported previously to be hosts of sucking lice. The description of the new species in the present study doubles the number of sucking louse species known to parasitize Pseudomys mice and increases the total number of sucking louse species known from endemic Australian rodents from 21 to 23. Pseudomys gracilicaudatus and P. nanus are closely related murines that diverged ~1 MYA with distinct and widely separated extant geographic distributions. The two new Hoplopleura species described in the present study share some morphological characters and likely co-evolved and co-speciated with their chestnut mouse hosts.

Attachment 95363 pre print version

10aHoplopleura gracilicaudatusa n. sp.10aHoplopleura nanusa Wang n. sp.10anew species10aOld Endemic Australian rodents1 aWang, Wei1 aDurden, Lance, A.1 aShao, Renfu uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jme/tjaa289/613320302097nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260001200232300001600244490000700260520142300267653001301690653001801703653002201721100001901743700001701762700002201779700002001801856005801821 2020 eng d a0962-108300a“Parasite turnover zone” at secondary contact: A new pattern in host–parasite population genetics0 aParasite turnover zone at secondary contact A new pattern in hos c12-2020 a4653 - 46640 v293 a

We describe here a new pattern of population genetic structure in a host–parasite system that can arise after secondary contact of previously isolated populations. Due to different generation times, and therefore different tempos of molecular evolution, the host and parasite populations reach different degrees of genetic differentiation during their separation (e.g., in refugia). Consequently, upon secondary contact, the host populations are able to re‐establish a single panmictic population across the area of contact, while the parasite populations stop their dispersal at the secondary contact zone and create a narrow hybrid zone. From the host's perspective, the parasite's hybrid zone functions on a microevolutionary scale as a “parasite turnover zone”: while the hosts are passing from area A to area B, their parasites turn genetically from the area A genotypes to the area B genotypes. We demonstrate this novel pattern with a model composed of Apodemus mice and Polyplax lice by comparing maternally inherited markers (complete mitochondrial genomes, and complete genomes of the vertically transmitted symbiont Legionella polyplacis) with single nucleotide polymorphisms derived from louse genomic data. We discuss the circumstances that may lead to this pattern and possible reasons why it has been overlooked in studies of host–parasite population genetics.

10agenomics10ahost-parasite10asecondary contact1 aMartinů, Jana1 aŠtefka, Jan1 aPoosakkannu, Anbu1 aHypša, Václav uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.1565303345nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245017900055210006900234260001200303300000900315490000600324520247800330653001502808653000902823653001502832653000902847653001102856653002102867100002002888700002602908700002002934700002202954700002102976856008202997 2014 eng d a1756-330500aThe Namaqua rock mouse (Micaelamys namaquensis) as a potential reservoir and host of arthropod vectors of diseases of medical and veterinary importance in South Africa0 aNamaqua rock mouse iMicaelamys namaquensisi as a potential reser c08-2014 a11pp0 v73 a

Background The role of endemic murid rodents as hosts of arthropod vectors of diseases of medical and veterinary significance is well established in the northern hemisphere. In contrast, endemic murids are comparatively understudied as vector hosts in Africa, particularly in South Africa. Considering the great rodent diversity in South Africa, many of which may occur as human commensals, this is unwarranted.

Methods In the current study we assessed the ectoparasite community of a widespread southern African endemic, the Namaqua rock mouse (Micaelamys namaquensis), that is known to carry Bartonella spp. and may attain pest status. We aimed to identify possible vectors of medical and/or veterinary importance which this species may harbour and explore the contributions of habitat type, season, host sex and body size on ectoparasite prevalence and abundance.

Results Small mammal abundance was substantially lower in grasslands compared to rocky outcrops. Although the small mammal community comprised of different species in the two habitats, M. namaquensis was the most abundant species in both habitat types. From these 23 ectoparasite species from four taxa (fleas, ticks, mites and lice) were collected. However, only one flea (Xenopsylla brasiliensis) and one tick species (Haemaphysalis elliptica) have a high zoonotic potential and have been implicated as vectors for Yersinia pestis and Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia conorii, respectively. The disease status of the most commonly collected tick (Rhipicephalus distinctus) is currently unknown. Only flea burdens differed markedly between habitat types and increased with body size. With the exception of lice, all parasite taxa exhibited seasonal peaks in abundance during spring and summer.

Conclusion M. namaquensis is the dominant small mammal species irrespective of habitat type. Despite the great ectoparasite diversity harboured by M. namaquensis, only a small number of these are known as vectors of diseases of medical and/or veterinary importance but occur at high prevalence and/or abundance. This raises concern regarding the potential of this host as an endemic reservoir for zoonotic diseases. Consequently, additional sampling throughout its distributional range and research addressing the role of M. namaquensis as a reservoir for zoonotic diseases in southern Africa is urgently needed.

10aBartonella10aflea10aRickettsia10aTick10avector10aZoonotic disease1 aFagir, Dina, M.1 aUeckermann, Eddie, A.1 aHorak, Ivan, G.1 aBennett, Nigel, C1 aLutermann, Heike uhttp://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-3305-7-36601750nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245011900054210006900173260001200242300001400254490000600268520115400274100002701428700002701455700003501482856006301517 2010 eng d a0974789300aParasitic associations of a threatened Sri Lankan rainforest rodent, Mus mayori pococki (Rodentia: Muridae)0 aParasitic associations of a threatened Sri Lankan rainforest rod c06-2012 a901 - 9070 v23 a

Parasitic investigations of the subspecies Mus mayori pococki were carried out in four rainforests that included two man and biosphere reserves and two forest reserves of Sri Lanka from October 2006 to August 2007. Rodents were live-trapped using Shermans traps. Of the 117 individuals of M. m. pococki captured 73% were infested with four types of ectoparasites mites of the genus Echinolaelaps, a louse Polyplax serrata, a larval stage of hard tick Ixodes and pseudoscorpions of the genus Megachernes. Mites were the most abundant ectoparasite of this rodent host. Faecal examination revealed the presence of a nematode larva of the Order Strongylida and five types of parasitic ova; three nematode ova types i.e. strongyle, strongyloides, ascarid types, and cestode and mite ova. In comparison to the non-infested hosts, those infested did not show a significant difference in body weight and size. Both sexes had an equal probability of being exposed to ectoparasites. The present study on the parasitic investigations of M. m. pococki reports four new host-ectoparasite and six new endoparasitic records for the Sri Lankan rodent host.

1 aRatnaweera, Pamoda, B.1 aWijesinghe, Mayuri, R.1 aUdagama-Randeniya, Preethi, V. uhttps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/50302410nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245015400055210006900209260001200278300001200290490000700302520169000309653001001999653000902009653000802018653002202026653001202048653002102060100002102081700002402102856005402126 2019 eng d a0972-906200aAnnotated checklist of fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) and lice (Insecta: Anoplura) associated with rodents in Iran, with new reports of fleas and lice0 aAnnotated checklist of fleas Insecta Siphonaptera and lice Insec c06-2019 a134-1450 v563 a

Background & objectives: Rodent species reported from Iran are subject of several studies, but the fauna called ectoparasite, infesting the rodents, along with their epidemic effects, are poorly known. In this study, ectoparasitic insect fauna of rodents found across the Iran were studied, to generate an annotated checklist of fleas and lice species.
Methods: Several field expeditions focused on different habitats of northeastern Iran were conducted between January 2017 and May 2018. Rodent trapping was carried out using custom-made mesh live traps and “Faragir” live traps baited mainly with scorched sunflower and gourd seeds. The trapped rodents were examined for ectoparasites on their body, and then released at their trapping point. The rodents and ectoparasite species were identified based on available keys.
Results: A total of 217 rodents belonging to 16 species of the families Calomyscidae, Cricetidae, Dipodidae, Mu- ridae and Sciuridae were captured. Five species of each fleas and lice were collected from the body of the trapped rodents. Three flea species, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, Nosopsyllus iranus and Xenopsylla buxtoni; and two louse species, Polyplax gerbilli and P. spinulosa, were recorded for the first time.
Interpretation & conclusion: The study generated an annotated checklist of 79 species of fleas and 8 species of lice harboured by different species of rodents distributed in Iran which would be helpful in different taxonomic studies such as parasite-host coevolution, and also sanitation and health monitoring programs.

10afleas10aIran10alic10aPolyplax asiatica10arodents10aZoonotic disease1 aHamidi, Kordiyeh1 aNassirkhani, Mahrad uhttp://www.jvbd.org/text.asp?2019/56/2/134/26371502359nas a2200289 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260001200248300001200260490000700272520136200279653002701641653002801668653002901696653002901725653002601754653003101780653002801811653002601839653002301865653001601888100001401904700002201918700002301940700001601963856009001979 2021 eng d00aEight New Species of Sucking Lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera) From Endemic Murine Rodents in Australia and an Updated Identification Key0 aEight New Species of Sucking Lice Psocodea Phthiraptera From End c01-2021 a298-3190 v583 a

Based on a comprehensive study of museum specimens, eight new species of sucking lice of the genus Hoplopleura Enderlein, 1904 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae), are described from six genera of Australian Old Endemic rodents: Conilurus Ogilby, 1838 (Rodentia: Muridae), Leggadina Thomas, 1910 (Rodentia: Muridae), Leporillus Thomas, 1906 (Rodentia: Muridae), Mesembriomys Palmer, 1906 (Rodentia: Muridae), Pogonomys Milne-Edwards, 1877 (Rodentia: Muridae), and Xeromys Thomas, 1889 (Rodentia: Muridae). The description of these new species increases the number of sucking louse species from endemic Australian rodents from 13 to 21 and extends the records of sucking lice to all of the 14 genera of endemic rodents in Australia. Our results show that sucking lice are much more diverse among rodents in Australia than previously known. Furthermore, the Australian Hoplopleura species are host specific—each Hoplopleura species, including the eight new species described in the present study, parasitizes only a single host species, except Hoplopleura irritans Kuhn and Ludwig, 1967 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae) and Hoplopleura melomydis Weaver, 2017 (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae), each of which is found on two host species. An updated dichotomous key for identifying Australian Hoplopleura species is included.

10aendemic murine rodents10aHoplopleura conilurudis10aHoplopleura leggadinadis10aHoplopleura leporilludis10aHoplopleura macrurusa10aHoplopleura mesembriomydis10aHoplopleura pogonomydis10aHoplopleura xeromydis10aidentification key10anew species1 aWang, Wei1 aDurden, Lance, A.1 aWeaver, Haylee, J.1 aShao, Renfu uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/jme/tjaa206/596292401933nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001300041245010200054210006900156260001200225300001400237490000800251520127800259100002301537700001901560700002201579700003601601700002401637856007801661 2010 eng d a0030129900aCo-occurrence of ectoparasites on rodent hosts: null model analyses of data from three continents0 aCooccurrence of ectoparasites on rodent hosts null model analyse c01-2010 a120 - 1280 v1193 a

We studied patterns of species co‐occurrence in communities of ectoparasitic arthropods (ixodid ticks, mesostigmate mites and fleas) harboured by rodent hosts from South Africa (Rhabdomys pumilio), South America (Scapteromys aquaticus and Oxymycterus rufus) and west Siberia (Apodemus agrarius, Microtus gregalis, Microtus oeconomus and Myodes rutilus) using null models. We compared frequencies of co‐occurrences of parasite species or higher taxa across host individuals with those expected by chance. When non‐randomness of parasite co‐occurrences was detected, positive but not negative co‐occurrences of parasite species or higher taxa prevailed (except for a single sample of mesostigmate mites from O. rufus). Frequency of detection of non‐randomness of parasite co‐occurrences differed among parasite taxa, being higher in fleas and lower in mites and ticks. This frequency differed also among host species independent of parasite taxon, being highest in Microtus species and lowest in O. rufus and S. aquaticus. We concluded that the pattern of species co‐occurrence in ectoparasite communities on rodent hosts is predominantly positive, depends on life history of parasites and may be affected to a great extent by life history of a host.

1 aKrasnov, Boris, R.1 aMatthee, Sonja1 aLareschi, Marcela1 aKorallo-Vinarskaya, Natalia, P.1 aVinarski, Maxim, V. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17902.x03591nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245014600054210006900200260001600269300000800285490000800293520277500301653003503076653001803111653002003129100002003149700001803169700002003187700003203207700001803239700002503257856006703282 2020 eng d a0001706X00aNorway rat (Rattus norvegicus) ectoparasites in livestock production systems from central Argentina: Influencing factors on parasitism0 aNorway rat iRattus norvegicusi ectoparasites in livestock produc cJan-03-2020 a9pp0 v2033 a

Haematophagous ectoparasites are worldwide vectors of many zoonotic bacterial diseases, both emerging andre-emerging, whose incidences are rising. Livestock development alters different environmental characteristicssuch as the microclimate of a site, changing the availability, density and susceptibility of the hosts to pathogensand vectors, indirectly influencing the spread and persistence of a disease within an ecosystem. The Norway rat(Rattus norvegicus), the most abundant vertebrate pest species found on livestock farms from Argentina, is areservoir for several important zoonotic bacteria and may harbor ectoparasite species, which act as their vectors.Even though the Norway rat is widely known for its role as an ectoparasite host, the ecological characteristics oftheir ectoparasite communities and the related factors with parasitism on livestock farms have never been de-scribed. In the present study, we describe the ectoparasite community in Norway rats from central Argentinalivestock farms, while also depicting the influencing factors on both ectoparasite occurrence and abundance.Ectoparasites were collected from rats captured in 20 sites from Buenos Aires province, between the winter of2016 and the summer of 2018. A total of 1441 ectoparasite individuals were collected from 159 Norway ratindividuals  [Total  ectoparasite  prevalence  =  69.2%;  Mean  ectoparasite  specimen  abundance( ± CI)  =  9.06 ± 2.32  ectoparasite  individuals  per  rat;  Mean  ectoparasite  specimen  intensity( ± CI) = 13.10 ± 3.08 ectoparasite individuals per infested rat found]. Ectoparasite assemblage consisted offour cosmopolitan species, recognized for their sanitary relevance: mites (Laelapidae:Laelaps nuttalliandLaelapsechidninus), lice (Polyplacidae:Polyplax spinulosa) andfleas (Pulicidae:Xenopsylla cheopis). We observed higherNorway rat abundance in sites related to higher ectoparasite occurrence and abundance frequencies on the rats.Additionally, ectoparasites were more abundant on rats in warm seasons and on male individuals, over femalerats. Moreover, the geographical location of the studied sites influenced the ectoparasite assemblage structureobserved on the rats. This study broadens the knowledge on the role of Norway rats as zoonotic ectoparasiteshosts and analyzes the drivers influencing ectoparasite occurrence and abundance on the most populated regionof Argentina, which is also the region with the most intensive livestock farming. Therefore, this survey may assistin evaluating potential risks for humans and generate effective sanitary control strategies for ectoparasite-borneinfectious diseases

10aEctoparasite abundance drivers10aectoparasites10aLivestock farms1 aAlonso, Rodrigo1 aRuiz, Melanie1 aLovera, Rosario1 ade Oca, Daniela, Paula Mont1 aCavia, Regino1 aSanchez, Juliana, P. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0001706X1931118001898nas a2200181 4500008004100000245006900041210006400110260001200174300001400186490000700200520130600207100002801513700002201541700003001563700002201593700003301615856006801648 2005 eng d00aParasite biodiversity in Rattus spp caught in wet markets0 aParasite biodiversity in iRattusi spp caught in wet markets c02-2005 a131 - 1880 v363 a

Rattus spp trapped in wet markets in Quiapo, Manila and Balayan, Batangas had ectoparasites, Echinolaelaps echidnius (mite), and Polyplax spinulosa (louse). The endoparasites identified were Hymenolepis diminuta; the acanthocephalan Moniliformis moniliformis; Taenia taeniaeformis strobilocercus larvae and Capillaria hepatica in liver; Trichosomoides crassicauda of the urinary bladder; Sarcocystis sp of muscle tissue;
and two different species of stronglyloid-looking intestinal nematodes. Rats had 100% infection with C. hepatica and T. taeniaeformis, exhibiting high parasitemia. The co-existence of rats with diverse parasitic species is reflective of the host’s capability to support parasites’ behavioral, physiological, and developmental needs. Despite heavy infection with intestinal parasites, and marked hepatic tissue damage owing to severe capillariasis and
strobilocercus larval infection, all rats appeared healthy and agile, suggestive of a well-established rat hostparasite relationship. In view of the diversity and zoonotic nature of rat parasites, and the impoverished conditions prevailing in communities where Rattus spp survive and proliferate, they can readily facilitate parasite transmission to humans and other susceptible animal hosts.

1 aClaveria, Florencia, G.1 aCausapin, Jeffrey1 ade Guzman, Maria, Aneceta1 aToledo, Ma, Grace1 aSalibay, Cristina, Cabanacan uhttps://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2005_36_spp4/36sup4_146.pdf02333nas a2200277 4500008004100000245012500041210006900166260001200235300001200247490000700259520138000266653002601646653002501672653003101697100002601728700003301754700003001787700002001817700002801837700002401865700002701889700002901916700002401945700002401969856006201993 2010 eng d00aEctoparasitic fauna of birds, and volant and non-volant small mammals captured at Srinakarin Dam, Kanchanaburi, Thailand0 aEctoparasitic fauna of birds and volant and nonvolant small mamm c05-2010 a526-5350 v413 a

The investigation of ectoparasitic fauna on birds, and volant and nonvolant small mammals at Srinakarin Dam, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand was carried out under a national biodiversity and disease surveillance program for four consecutive months: January, February, May and June 2009. A total of 122 animals, comprised of 15 species of birds, 9 species of volant small mammals and 8 species of non-volant small mammals were examined for ectoparasite infestation. Of these animals, 1 genus of hard ticks (Ixodidae), 2 species of mesostigmatid mites (Laelapidae), 4 genera in three families of astigmatid mites (Proctophyllodidae, Pteronyssidae and Trouessartiidae), 4 species in three families of lice (Philopteridae, Polyplacidae and Trichodectidae) and 2 families of batflies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) were collected. This is the first survey conducted to determine ectoparasites infesting birds and small mammals living in the reserved forest of Srinakarin Dam, Thailand. A lower infestation rate of ectoparasites was observed in mammals, ranging from 3.5% to 10.3% than birds, with infestation rates between 7.3% and 34.2%. No major potential health risks to people who lived in this area were found.

The Erratum is in Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2010 Sep;41(5):1271

https://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2010-41-5/29-Errata.pdf

10aCopsychus malabaricus10aFelicola bengalensis10aParadoxurus hermaphrodites1 aChangbunjong, Tanasak1 aJirapattharasate, Charoonluk1 aBuddhirongawatr, Ruangrat1 aChewajon, Kacha1 aCharoenyongyoo, Pavinee1 aSuwanapakdee, Sarin1 aWaengsothorn, Surachit1 aTriwitayakorn, Kanokporn1 aChaichoun, Kridsada1 aRatanakorn, Parntep uhttps://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2010-41-3/04-4752.pdf02331nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001200229490000700241520181700248100002602065700003302091856007302124 2007 eng d00aEctoparasites on murid rodents caught in MTS. Palay-palay/mataas NA Gulod National Park, Luzon Island, Philippines0 aEctoparasites on murid rodents caught in MTS Palaypalaymataas NA a194-2020 v383 a

Proceedings of the Joint International Tropical Medicine Meeting 2006, and the 5th Seminar on Food-And-Water Borne Parasitic Zoonoses.

Rodents in lowland, midland and upland areas of the forest of Mts. Palay-palay/Mataas na Gulod National Park (MPMGNP), Luzon Island, Philippines were trapped using a live capture method. All rodents trapped belonged to genus Rattus namely R. norvegicus (35.9%), R. everetti (27.8%), R. tanezumi (20.5%) and R. argentiventer (15.8%). Ectoparasites were recovered from the rodents through scraping of host’s skin, hair and nails, and collection of dead ectoparasites after insecticide dusting. Among the ectoparasites identified based on their morphological characteristics were Polyplax spinulosa (68.0%), Chirodiscoides caviae (13.2%), Laelaps nuttali (11.5%), Ornithonyssius bacoti (4.5%) and Xenopsyllia cheopis (2.6%). The infestation rate of the parasite varied based on the rat species, with P. spinulosa parasitizing all the rodents caught, and R. norvegicus having the highest infestation rate. Chirodiscoides caviae parasitized predominantly R. norvegicus, while L. nuttali was found mainly on R. tanezumi. Ornithonyssius bacoti was found on both R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus, while X. cheopis was only recovered on R. argentiventer. Ectoparasite infestation was also influenced by the gender of the host, with male rats (71.43%) manifesting a significantly higher (p<0.05) infestation rate than female rats (28.57%). All recovered ectoparasites were common parasites of rats. Infested rats near human habitations in the area warrant possible rodent-borne diseases among the residents thus, an investigation of the occurrence of rodent-borne diseases among the dwellers may provide epidemiologic pattern related to such disease

 

1 aLuyon, Hazel, Anne V.1 aSalibay, Cristina, Cabanacan uhttps://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2007-38-suppl-1/38suppl1-194.pdf02212nas a2200241 4500008004100000245017200041210006900213260001200282300001200294490000700306520139500313100003101708700001501739700002101754700002001775700001801795700001701813700001501830700002001845700002601865700001901891856006001910 2009 eng d00aEctoparasite fauna of rodents and shrews from four habitats in Kuala Lumpur and the states of Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia and its public health significance0 aEctoparasite fauna of rodents and shrews from four habitats in K c12-2009 a303-3110 v263 a

A total of 204 rodents comprising 14 host species from four different habitats were examined. Nine rodent species were trapped from the forest and another five species were trapped from the coastal, rice field and urban habitats. Rattus rattus diardii (67%) was the predominant rodent species examined. Fifty six (47.3%) rodents and shrews were found to be infested with at least one of the 20 species of ectoparasite recovered. Mites belonging to the family Trombiculidae were the predominant ectoparasite species recovered. Ticks belonging to the family Ixodidae were recovered mainly from the forest dwelling rodents. Polyplax spinulosa and Hoplopleura pacifica were the common lice species found infesting the urban rodents. Xenopsylla cheopis was the only flea species recovered. The following ecto-parasites have been incriminated as important vectors or as mechanical carriers for the transmission of zoonotic diseases: Ixodes granulatus, Dermacentor sp. Haemaphysalis sp., Amblyomma sp. Ascoschoengastia indica, Leptotrombidium deliense, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Laelaps nuttalli, H. pacifica, P. spinulosa and Xenopsylla cheopis. Urban and forest rodents were significantly higher in ecto-parasitic infestation, compared to rats from the other two habitats. However, there was no significant statistical association between male and female rodents infested with ectoparasites

1 aParamasvaran, Sanmugarajah1 aSani, R.A.1 aHassan, Latiffah1 aKrishnasamy, M.1 aJeffery, John1 aOothuman, P.1 aSalleh, I.1 aLim, Kuang-Hock1 aSumarni, Mohd-Ghazali1 aSanthana, R.L. uhttp://www.msptm.org/files/303_-_311_Paramasvaran_S.pdf01518nas a2200205 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260001200199300001200211490000700223520088800230100002001118700002001138700001601158700002101174700001401195700001701209700002401226856006201250 2008 eng d00aTicks (Ixodidae) and other ectoparasites in Ulu Muda Forest Reserve, Kedah, Malaysia0 aTicks Ixodidae and other ectoparasites in Ulu Muda Forest Reserv c05-2008 a496-5060 v393 a

A survey of ticks and other ectoparasites was carried out during a national biodiversity scientific expedition at Ulu Muda Forest Reserve, Kedah, Malaysia from 23-29 March 2003. A total of 161 animals comprising 20 species of birds, 16 species of bats, six species of non-volant small mammals and 12 species of reptiles were examined for ticks and other ectoparasites. From these animals, nine species in five genera of ticks, 10 species in two families of Mesostigmatid mites and five species of chiggers were collected. Three of the ectoparasitic species found, Dermacentor auratus, Ixodes granulatus and Leptotrombidium deliense are of known public health importance. This survey produced the first list of ticks and other ectoparasites in the forest reserve and the third study of ectoparasites in Kedah. Fourteen species of these ectoparasites are new locality records.

1 aMariana, Ahamad1 aZuraidawati, Z.1 aHo, Tze-Min1 aMohd-Kulaimi, B.1 aSaleh, I.1 aShukor, M.N.1 aShahrul-Anuar, M.S. uhttps://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2008_39_3/17-3987.pdf01981nas a2200205 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123520131200192653002201504653001201526653001401538653002501552653002101577100001901598700001901617700002001636700002801656700002601684856006501710 2014 eng d00aInteraction of ectoparasites-small mammals in tropical rainforest of Malaysia0 aInteraction of ectoparasitessmall mammals in tropical rainforest3 a

The literature regarding the diversity of ectoparasites and their interaction with their hosts remains largely inadequate in Malaysian tropical rainforest. We investigate the interaction patterns and specialization of ectoparasites infesting terrestrial small mammals (rodents and scandents) in Peninsular and Malaysian Borneo from samples made in 16 localities between 2008 and 2010. A total of 3,235 individuals of ectoparasites were collected during field surveys, resulting in an interaction network involving 47 ectoparasites that were distributed on 23 species of small mammals. The overall specialization index H2’ of all ectoparasites and host species was 0.67 which was considered moderate. Ticks appeared to be generalist with specialization index (H2’ = 0.35) while lice showed higher specialization (H2’ = 1) in selecting host species. The most diverse parasite assemblage was found on S. muelleri (Hs_w = 1.96). Specialization indices among ectoparasite species (dp) ranged from 0.03 to 1 while the indices among host species (dh) ranged from 0.20 to 1. Incomplete field data may have contributed to the high specialization indices. This study is significant as it can enhance our understanding the emergence and management of potential zoonotic diseases in Malaysia.

10aHost-ectoparasite10arodents10aScandents10aSpecialization index10aZoonotic disease1 aMadinah, Adrus1 aFatimah, Abang1 aMariana, Ahamad1 aAbdullah, Mohd-Tajuddin1 aMohd-Azlan, Jayasilan uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1556/ComEc.15.2014.1.1204800nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260003900209300001100248490000800259520428400267653002604551100002704577856005004604 2013 eng d00aMACROPARASITE COMMUNITIES OF WILD RATS FROM ISLAND AND COASTAL HABITATS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA0 aMACROPARASITE COMMUNITIES OF WILD RATS FROM ISLAND AND COASTAL H aKuala LumpurbUniversity of Malaya a226 pp0 vMSc3 a

The occurrences  of  macroparasites communities  in363wild ratsof two  urban coastalcities (Kuantan and Malacca)and two islands (Carey  Island and Penang)of Peninsular Malaysia  wererecordedbetweenMay  2010  to  August  2011. The wild  ratsfrom  both habitatscomprised ofmainly commensal rat species namely;Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus  diardii,  Rattus  tiomanicusand Rattus  argentiventer. Overall,  higher  numbers  of females  (60.3%)  were  captured  compared  to  males  (39.7%) with  more  adults  (87.9%) compared to juveniles  (12.1%).The ratswere infected witha minimum of one species and a maximum of six species of ectoparasiteswhile up to five species of endoparasiteswere  seen  in  each  rat.InR.  norvegicusthe  highest number  of  ecto  and  endoparasites infestation/infection was seen respectively.There  were  no differences  inthe types  of macroparasites  recovered fromboth  coastal and  island rat populations. Overall,  ectoparasites  diversity  index  was  low  for  all  sites, although  Carey  Island  recorded  higher  index  compared  to  other  locations  with 8 numbers of species. Nine cosmopolitan ectoparasitespecies were recoveredin total with 5mite    species,(Laelaps    nuttali,    Laelaps    echidninus,    Ornithonyssus    bacoti, Listrophoroidessp.,  Laelaps  sculpturatus) 2lice,(Polyplax  spinulosa,  Hoplopleura pacifica,)one  flea(Xenopsylla  cheopis)and one  tick(Ixodes granulatus).Host sex (male  and  female)  and  host  age  (adult  and  juvenile)did  not influence  ectoparasite infestation  onthe  rat  population.  However,  seasons playeda  significant  role with Ornithonyssus  bacoti, Laelaps  sculpturatus,Polyplax  spinulosa,Hoplopleura  pacificaand Ixodes granulatus with higher infestionduring wetcompared to dry season.Endoparasites    infections    comprised    entirely    of    cosmopolitan    species,    namely Nippostrongylus   brasiliensis,   Angiostrongylus   malaysiensis,   Capillaria   hepatica, Mastophorus  muris, Heterakis  spumosa,  Hepatojarakus  malayae, Syphacia  muris, Taenia  taeniaeformis, Hymenolepis  diminuta andRodentolepis (=Hymenolepis)nana. Species  diversity index  was  low  in  all  locations. Host  sex  influenced  endoparasitic infection only    forCapillariahepatica,    Syphacia    murisand Rodentolepis (=Hymenolepis)nanawhile other helminths(Hepatojarakus   malayae,   Taenia taeniaformis, Rodentolepis (=Hymenolepis)nana)  showed  significant  effects  between host ages. Season also played a significant role determining diversity and prevalence for most endoparasitespecies with higherinfectionobservedduring the dry season. Despite   low   diversity,seven   ectoparasites(Laelapsnuttali,Laelapsechidninus,Ornithonyssus bacoti,Polyplax spinulosa,Hoplopleurapacifica,Ixodes granulatusand Xenopsylla  cheopis)  and5helminths  species(Capillaria  hepatica,Angiostrongylus malaysiensis,Hymenolepis diminuta, Taenia taeniaeformis, Rodentolepis (=Hymenolepis)nana)recoveredwere  zoonotic. The  close  association  between  the  ratpopulationswithhuman may facilitate the transmission ofzoonotic parasitescirculating in  these  ecosystems. Therefore,  long  term  monitoring  of  the  rodent  population  is necessary in order to predict future disease prevalence.

10aRattus rattus diardii1 aNur-Syazana, Mad-Tahir uhttps://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268877843.pdf01308nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141300001200210490000700222520079300229100001901022700002001041700002801061700001901089856004201108 2013 eng d00aA preliminary field survey of ectoparasites of rodents in urban park, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo0 apreliminary field survey of ectoparasites of rodents in urban pa a547-5510 v303 a

A survey of ectoparasites was carried out during Eco-Zoonoses Expedition in Bukit Aup Jubilee Park (BAJP), Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo from 5th to 9th June 2008. A total of nine individuals comprising two species of rodents were captured. The species of rodents screened for ectoparasites were Sundamys muelleri and Callosciurus notatus. Four genera and six species of ectoparasites were collected, namely, Ixodes granulatus, Ixodes sp., Laelaps sedlaceki, Laelaps nuttalli, Hoplopleura dissicula and Listrophoroides sp. Three species of the ectoparasites are known to have potential health risk. The species were Ixodes granulatus, Laelaps nuttalli and Hoplopleura dissicula. This survey produced the first list of ectoparasites in Bukit Aup Jubilee Park, Sarawak, Malaysia.

1 aMadinah, Adrus1 aMariana, Ahamad1 aAbdullah, Mohd-Tajuddin1 aFatimah, Abang uhttp://msptm.org/journal-vol-30-no-3/01778nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129300001200198490000700210520128000217100002401497700002001521700001601541700002101557856004201578 2005 eng d00aA preliminary survey of ectoparasites of small mammalsin Kuala Selangor Nature Park0 apreliminary survey of ectoparasites of small mammalsin Kuala Sel a243-2470 v223 a

Trapping  of  small  mammals  was  conducted  at  5  study  sites  in  Kuala  SelangorNature  Park  (KSNP)  from  20-24  June  2005.    A  total  of  11  animals  comprising  2  species  ofrodents, Maxomys whiteheadi and Rattus exulans  were caught from 3 sites, i.e from an areaof  mixed  secondary  forest  and  mangrove  swamp;  an  area  of  mangrove  swamp,  and  from  anarea  of  lalang  fringing  mangrove  swamp.    From  these  animals,  the  following  7  species  ofectoparasites  were  found:  Laelaps  echidninus, Laelaps  nuttalli,  Ascoschoengastia  indica,Leptotrombidium  deliense,  Hoplopleura  pectinata, Hoplopleura  pacifica  and  Polyplaxspinulosa.    One  of  the  ectoparasites  found,  L.  deliense  is  a  known  vector  of  scrub  typhusand thus may pose potential health risks to visitors to KSNP.

1 aChuluun, Bayasgalan1 aMariana, Ahamad1 aHo, Tze-Min1 aMohd-Kulaimi, B. uhttp://msptm.org/journal-vol-22-no-2/03590nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245006000054210006000114300001000174490000600184520314500190100002603335700003003361856005303391 2011 eng d a5816199200aEctoparasites of Rodents from some Districts in Baghdad0 aEctoparasites of Rodents from some Districts in Baghdad a19-280 v43 a

A total of 91 rodents were identified including Rattus norvegicus (n=58) , Rattus rattus (n=31) & Mus musculus( n=2) which were collected from five districts of Baghdad area during 2005-2006 ; with total general ectoparasites prevalence infestation (72.5%). A total of 306 ectoparasites were collected comprising flea, lice, mites and tick . Eight species of ectoparasites were identified , comprising flea , Xenopsylla cheopis ; tick , Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum ; lice , Hoploplerura oenomydis, H. acanthopus, Polyplax spinulosa; mites , Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus bacoti , Laelaps echidnina. Mites recorded highest prevalence and index then lice with least flea and tick prevalence's and indices in general ; Only mites were collected from Mus musculus. Rattus rattus ectoparasites means were higher than that of Rattus norvegicus but not statistically significant (P=0.231) , while there were Statistically significant differences detected with chi square (P = 0.008), and Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance on rank (P > 0.001) at 0.05 level between one or two means of lice , mites , fleas and ticks of Rattus norvegicus , Rattus rattus & Mus musculus . Given parameters of rodents vector arthropods understudy could assists in control of zoonotic diseases such as plague and murine typhus

طفيليات القوارض الخارجية في بعض محلات بغداد"

الكلي 91 ومن ثلاثة أنواع تضمنت 58 جرذ نرويجي و31 جرذ اسود و فاران منزليان وبنسبة انتشار عامة ( 72.5 ) .حيث جمع (306) عينة تضمنت الحلم والقمل والبراغيث والقراد , تم التعرف على ثمانية ا أنواع منها تضمنت نوع واحد للبرغوث Xenopsylla cheopis و نوع واحد للقراد Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum و ثلاثة أنواع من القمل Hoploplerura oenomydis, H. acanthopus, Polyplax spinulosa وثلاثة أنواع من الحلم Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus bacoti , Laelaps echidnina .سجل الحلم أعلى نسبة انتشار ثم يليه القمل ثم يليهما و بأدنى نسب للقراد والبراغيث بشكل عام . كانت معدلات الطفيليات الخارجية للجرذ الأسود أعلى من مثيلاتها للجرذ النرويجي وبشكل غير معنوي إحصائيا , في حين سجل الحلم في الفار المنزلي فقط . كانت الفروقات معنوية إحصائيا ( 0.008 P= ) باختبار مربع كاي و ( 0.001>P ) باختبار كروكسال وواليس لتحليل تغاير الرتب بين واحد أو اثنين من معدلات الحلم اوالقمل والبراغيث والقراد العائدة لأنواع القوارض الثلاثة تحت البحث. أن المعطيات الناتجة تساعد في السيطرة على أمراض القوارض المنقولة بواسطة المفصليات المهمة صحيا وبيطريا كالطاعون والتيفوس .

1 aHasson, Raad, Hammodi1 aAl-Zubaidi, Haleem, Hamza uhttps://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=5145902475nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245015700055210006900212260001200281300001600293490000700309520170100316653002502017653002102042653001802063653001402081653001302095100002102108700002002129700002302149856007302172 2009 eng d a0022-258500aSurveys for Ectoparasites on Wildlife Associated With Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae)-Infested Livestock in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands0 aSurveys for Ectoparasites on Wildlife Associated With iAmblyomma c11-2009 a1483 - 14890 v463 a

Surveys in 2001, 2005, and 2006 attempted to determine the role of wildlife in maintenance and dissemination of the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum (F.) (Acari: Ixodidae), in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Small mammals; birds; white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann); and feral cattle, Bos taurus L., were examined at nine premises, in mountainous rain forest, and in surrounding areas in western St. Croix, an area including and central to all known bont tick-infested premises on the island. Small Asian mongooses, Herpestes javanicus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire), yielded 1,566 ectoparasite specimens, representing five species, and including larvae of a soft tick, Carios puertoricensis (Fox); the tropical horse tick, Anocentor nitens (Neumann); and the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini). Black rats, Rattus rattus L., yielded 144 specimens, representing six ectoparasite species, including C. puertoricensis. Of 25 bird species examined, seven yielded 116 ectoparasite specimens representing at least 14 different species of lice and mites, but no ticks. White-tailed deer and feral cattle yielded only various stages of A. nitens and R. microplus ticks. A. variegatum was not encountered on any potential wildlife host sampled, reflecting its low occurrence in St. Croix during the survey period. One collection of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from a spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia (L.), and collections of feather mites (Acari: Astigmata: Trouessartiidae) from both bananaquits, Coereba flaveola (L.), and black-faced grassquits, Tiaris bicolor (L.), may represent new, undescribed species.

10aAmblyomma variegatum10aAmyrsidea minuta10aectoparasites10aSt. Croix10awildlife1 aCorn, Joseph, L.1 aBerger, Patrick1 aMertins, James, W. uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article-lookup/doi/10.1603/033.046.063505370nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260000900219300001200228490000700240520432900247653002704576653002204603653002104625653001804646653001204664100002804676700002904704700002904733700003004762700003004792700002404822700003004846700003004876700002504906700002604931700002104957856006604978 2019 eng d a2007-336400aDetection of Bartonella and Rickettsia in small mammals and their ectoparasites in México0 aDetection of Bartonella and Rickettsia in small mammals and thei c2019 a69 - 790 v103 a

Fleas and sucking lice are important vectors of multiple pathogens causing major epidemics worldwide. However these insects are vectors of a wide range of largely understudied and unattended pathogens, especially several species of bacteria’s of the genera Bartonella and Rickettsia. For this reason the aim of the present work was to identify the presence and diversity of Bartonella and Rickettsia species in endemic murine typhus foci in Hidalgo, México. A cross-sectional study was carried out to collect small mammals and their associated ectoparasites during October, 2014. Samples of liver and ear of hosts, and ectoparasites were fixed in absolute ethanol and examined to identify the presence of Bartonella and Rickettsia DNA by the amplification of specific fragments of the gltA and ompB genes using conventional PCR. The recovered sequences were compared with those deposited in GenBank, and phylogenetic analyzes were carried out to identify the position of the pathogens detected with respect to the valid species previously reported worldwide. A total of 47 fleas and 172 sucking lice, belonging to five families (Ceratophyllidae, Leptopsyllidae, Ctenophtalmidae, Hoplopleuridae, Polyplacidae) and related to six species were collected from 40 rodents of four species and one shrew. Only four hosts (two P. beatae, and two R. norvergicus) were positive to Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella vinsonii and Rickettsia typhi. In the case of ectoparasites, 23 specimens of two flea species (Peromyscopsylla hesperomys and Plusaetis mathesoni) tested positive for B. vinsonii. No evidence of Bartonella or Rickettsia was detected in any lice. Our findings represent the first record of Bartonella elizabethae a confirmed zoonotic pathogen causing endocarditis in México and several new associations of Bartonella with Mexican flea species, which highlight the importance of the establishment of active entomological surveillance in wildlife.

Resumen:

Las pulgas y los piojos son vectores de patógenos causantes de epidemias de importancia histórica. Sin embargo, estos insectos son vectores de una amplia gama de patógenos poco estudiados y no atendidos, especialmente varias especies de bacterias de los géneros Bartonella y Rickettsia. Por este motivo, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar la presencia y diversidad de las especies de Bartonella y Rickettsia en un foco de tifus murino en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Se realizó un estudio transversal para recolectar hospederos y sus ectoparásitos durante octubre de 2014. Las muestras de hígado y oreja de los hospederos y los ectoparásitos se fijaron en etanol absoluto y se examinaron para identificar la presencia de ADN de Bartonella y Rickettsia mediante la extracción de DNA y amplificación de fragmentos específicos de los genes gltA y ompB. Las secuencias obtenidas fueron comparadas con aquellas depositadas en GenBank y se realizaron análisis filogenéticos para identificar la posición de los patógenos detectados respecto a las especies válidas previamente reportadas a nivel mundial. Se recolectaron un total de 47 pulgas y 172 piojos chupadores, pertenecientes a seis especies de cinco familias (Ceratophyllidae, Leptopsyllidae, Ctenophtalmidae, Hoplopleuridae, Polyplacidae) asociados con 40 roedores de cuatro especies y una musaraña. Sólo cuatro hospederos (dos P. beatae, y dos R. norvergicus) resultaron positivos para Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella vinsonii y Rickettsia typhi. En el caso de los ectoparásitos, 23 ejemplares de dos especies de pulgas (Peromyscopsylla hesperomys y Plusaetis mathesoni) fueron positivos para B. vinsonii. No se detectó evidencia de ninguno de los dos patógenos en los piojos analizados. Nuestros hallazgos representan el primer registro de Bartonella elizabethae, un patógeno zoonótico confirmado que causa endocarditis en México y varias asociaciones nuevas de Bartonella con especies de pulgas mexicanas, lo cual resalta la necesidad de implementar vigilancia entomológica activa para el monitoreo de estos patógenos en animales silvestres.

10aBartonella elizabethae10aemerging diseases10aRickettsia typhi10aSmall mammals10avectors1 aSánchez-Montes, Sokani1 aCabrera-Garrido, Martín1 aRíos-Muñoz, César, A.1 aLira-Olguin, Ali, Zeltzin1 aAcosta-Gutiérrez, Roxana1 aMata-Galindo, Mario1 aHernández-Vilchis, Kevin1 aNavarrete-Sotelo, Melissa1 aColunga-Salas, Pablo1 aLeón-Paniagua, Livia1 aBecker, Ingeborg uhttp://132.248.10.25/therya/index.php/THERYA/article/view/72203029nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245008300054210006900137260001200206300001600218490000700234520223000241653001502471653001802486653001202504100002802516700002802544700003002572700003402602700001902636700002902655700002702684856006402711 2019 eng d a0972898800aEctoparasites of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Grenada, West Indies0 aEctoparasites of brown rats iRattus norvegicusi in Grenada West  c09-2019 a1390 - 13940 v123 a

Background and Aim:

Arthropod ectoparasites (mites, lice, ticks, and fleas) on common house rats or brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are known to transmit zoonotic pathogens and diminish rat health. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published information regarding the prevalence of ectoparasites on R. norvegicus in Grenada. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and types of ectoparasites present on brown rats from Grenada.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred sixty-eight rats were collected live from the parishes of St. George and St. David, Grenada, from May to July 2017. Following euthanasia, external parasites were collected using fine combs, thumb forceps, and paper tape. Tape samples and free specimens were placed in containers with 70% ethanol. External parasites were evaluated using dissection microscopy.

Results:

Over 2000 ectoparasites were collected from 149 of the 168 trapped rats (88.7%). Ectoparasites identified included mesostigmatid mites (found on 84.6% of infested rats), fur mites in the families Atopomelidae and Listrophoridae (67.1%), Polyplax spp. lice (6.7%), fleas (3.4%), an unidentified larval tick (0.7%), and a mite in the family Myobiidae (0.7%). Infestation rates were higher in St. David Parish (86/89; 96.6%) than in St. George Parish (63/79; 79.7%) (p=0.001). When comparing sex and age, males had a marginal increase in infestation rate (83/89; 93.3%) compared to females (66/79; 83.5%) (p=0.054), and adults had an infestation rate of 90.7% (97/107) compared to juvenile rats who had a 66.7% (14/21) infestation rate.

Conclusion:

Brown rats in Grenada are heavily infested with ectoparasites, including known vectors of pathogens. Future studies will examine the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in these arthropods.

 

10abrown rats10aectoparasites10aGrenada1 aThille, Katelyn, Noelle1 aRametta, Nia, Francesca1 aFitzpatrick, Daniel, Mark1 aSpringer, Camille, Coomansing1 aTiwari, Keshaw1 aPinckney, Rhonda, Denise1 aSharma, Ravindra, Nath uhttp://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.12/September-2019/6.html03071nas a2200217 4500008004100000245006600041210006600107260001200173300001400185490000600199520248600205653001002691653000902701653001002710653001302720653001002733653001002743100002002753700002202773856005802795 2009 eng d00aParasites of the Nile rat in rural and urban regions of Sudan0 aParasites of the Nile rat in rural and urban regions of Sudan c06-2009 a179 - 1870 v43 a

In this investigation on endoparasites (helminths) and ectoparasites of the Nile rat Arvicanthis niloticus Desmarest,1822, a total of 220 Nile rats were trapped from different regions of Sudan during the period January 2003–January2006. Examination of different tissues, identification of parasites, effect of these parasites on the organs, the preva-lence and intensity of infestation of the parasites and their relation to the habitat of the host, and sex-relatedinfestations were considered. Results showed that the variation among helminth species was wide, especially inthose that are transferred by arthropods. No protozoan parasites or distortion in the infected tissues were observed.No examination for Toxoplasma gondii was carried out. Two species of cestodes (Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepisdiminuta), two genera (Raillietina sp. I, Raillietina sp. II) and one unidentified Hymenolepididae were reported.The most prevalent species of cestodes was Raillietina sp. And for nematodes only one species and one genuswere recovered (Monanema nilotica and Streptopharagus sp.). Investigation of skin revealed that 83.8% of ratswere infested with one or more of ectoparasites; namely, insects and arachnids. This survey also revealed that fleasand lice were the most common ectoparasites that infested the Nile rat. Synanthropic rodents, particularly thoseliving in close association with man, play a significant role in human health, welfare and economy. It has to bestressed that their arthropod ectoparasites are important vectors of pathogenic microorganisms and they can alsobe important reservoirs for parasitic zoonoses, like trichinellosis and capillariosis. No doubt, the increase in rodentpopulations could be followed by an increase in zoonotic diseases (Stojcevic et al. 2004, Durden et al. 2000). Ratsand mice (commensal and wild) play an important role in public health, being carriers or reservoirs for infectiousdiseases that can be transmitted to humans (zoonoses). Xenopsylla cheopis is the most important vector of plagueand the rickettsial infection murine typhus (Gratz 1999).Man can also acquire the infection through direct contactwith infected animals’ tissues (WHO 1987). Arvicanthis niloticus, Mastomys natalensis and Rattus rattus areprobably the most important and widespread reservoirs of plague in Kenya: 10 percent of all Rattus rattus testedwere found to be positive as compared to 12% of the Arvicanthis niloticus (Gratz 1999)

10afleas10alice10amites10aNile rat10aSudan10aticks1 aFagir, Dina, M.1 aEl-Rayah, El-Amin uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2009.00148.x01860nas a2200241 4500008004100000245016100041210006900202260001200271300000800283490000800291520092700299653002501226653002901251653001601280653003301296653001701329100002201346700001901368700002501387700002501412700002401437856015701461 2020 eng d00aTwo New Species of Sucking Lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae and Polyplacidae) from Grant's Rock Mouse, Micaelamys granti, in South Africa0 aTwo New Species of Sucking Lice Phthiraptera Anoplura Hoplopleur c07-2020 a4780 v1063 a

Two new species of sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura), Hoplopleura granti n. sp. (Hoplopleuridae) and Polyplax megacephalus n. sp. (Polyplacidae), are described from Grant's rock mouse, Micaelamys granti (Wroughton), from Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Adults of both sexes are illustrated via line drawings and differential interference contrast microscopy images, and are compared with previously described related species that parasitize related hosts: Hoplopleura patersoni Johnson from Aethomys chrysophilus (de Winton) (red veld rat), Aethomys kaiseri (Noack) (Kaiser's aethomys), and Micaelamys namaquensis (A. Smith) (Namaqua rock mouse); Hoplopleura aethomydis Kleynhans from M. namaquensis; Polyplax praomydis Bedford from A. chrysophilus and M. namaquensis; and Polyplax solivaga Johnson from A. chrysophilus. It is not known if these new species of lice are vectors of any pathogens.

10aGrant’s Rock Mouse10aHoplopleura granti n.sp.10anew species10aPolyplax megacephalus n. sp.10aSouth Africa1 aDurden, Lance, A.1 aMatthee, Sonja1 aBothma, Johannes, C.1 aGreiman, Stephen, E.1 aMatthee, Conrad, A. uhttps://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-parasitology/volume-106/issue-4/19-187/Two-New-Species-of-Sucking-Lice-Phthiraptera--Anoplura/10.1645/19-187.full02038nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245019000055210006900245260001200314300001200326490000700338520118600345653001001531653002901541653001101570653000901581653001001590653002801600653000901628653000801637653001801645100001801663700001901681700002201700856003801722 2009 eng d a0073-134X00aEctoparasitic Arthropods Occurring on Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus Collected from Two Properties on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii (Acarina, Siphonaptera, and Anoplura)0 aEctoparasitic Arthropods Occurring on iRattus norvegicuis and iR c12-2009 a53–560 v413 a

A survey of ectoparasites occurring on rats was carried out from August 2006 through February 2007 on two properties on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. From the property in Liliha, a total of 167 Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus, were examined. Two species of fleas and four species of mites were collected: oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, tropical rat mite, Ornithonyssus bacoti, domestic rat mite, Laelaps nuttalli, spiny rat mite, Laelaps echidninus, and  house mouse mite, Allodermanyssus sanguineus. From the property in Aiea, a total of 80 black rats, Rattus rattus, were examined. One species of flea, one species of louse, and two species of mites were collected: cat flea, C. felis, sucking louse, Polyplax spinulosa, tropical rat mite, O. bacoti, and house mouse mite, A. sanguineus. This is the first record of the house mouse mite, A. sanguineus, from Hawaii. Ornithonyssus bacoti and A. sanguineus were the predominant species of mites that infested both rodent species. The occurrence of other ectoparasites on the rats caught from the two sites may be affected by different rodent host and other environmental factors.

10aAcati10aEctoparasitic arthropods10aHawaii10alice10amites10anew geographical record10aOahu10arat10aSiphonaptera.1 aYang, Pingjun1 aOshiro, Sandra1 aWarashina, Wesley uhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/1445902414nas a2200229 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171260001200240300001100252490000700263520162900270653001601899653002901915653001701944653001801961653002301979100002502002700001902027700001702046700002502063856009602088 2018 eng d00aEctoparasite of Rodents Collected from International Seaport, Gujarat (India) with Special Reference to Plague & Scrub Typhus0 aEctoparasite of Rodents Collected from International Seaport Guj c12-2020 a7 - 130 v503 a

Background: Rodents are well established at port areas and their arthropod ectoparasite can be vectors of many diseases. Ships play an important role in spreading disease by transporting infected vectors. Objective:  In  view  of  the  seriousness  of  the  problem  the  present  study  was  undertaken  to  assess  the  prevalence of rodent–ectoparasite association at KPT, Kandla (India). Results: Four species of rodents:Tatera indica(Hardwicke), Bandicota indica(Bechstein),Rattus norvegicus(Berkenhout), Rattus rattus (Linnaeus)were trapped from the port area. Rodent Infestation rate was 84.9 per cent. Lice (46.5%) were the predominant ectoparasites retrieved from the rodents followed by mites and fleas. The rodent ectoparasite index was 13.6 per rat. A total of 32 vector larval trombiculid chigger mite (Leptotrombidium deliense, Walch) were collected from various species of rats. Chigger infestation rate was found to be 8.0 per rat. A total of 96% chigger mites were retrieved from R. norvagicus trapped from canteen area. A total 234 fleas were retrieved giving an overall flea index of 2.5 per rat. The flea species collected from rodents were Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild)and X. astia (Rothschild). Serological & bacteriological examination of rodent samples showed no Orentia and plague bacilli activity. Conclusion: Result of the study suggests routine surveillance for rodent and their arthropods ectoparasite to apply appropriate control measure to prevent the spreading of rodent borne diseases.

10aKandla Port10aLeptotrombidium deliense10aScrub Typhus10aTatera indica10aXenopsylla cheopis1 aSharma, Abhay, Kumar1 aKumar, Kaushal1 aThomas, T.G.1 aSingh, Sujeet, Kumar uhttps://medical.adrpublications.in/index.php/Journal-CommunicableDiseases/article/view/2080