01736nas a2200181 4500008004100000020001400041245012000055210006900175260002200244300001400266490000700280520111900287100002101406700002301427700001901450700001701469856006801486 1992 eng d a0048-016900aAn evaluation of two cypermethrin-based pour-on formulations on sheep infested with the biting louse, Bovicola ovis0 aevaluation of two cypermethrinbased pouron formulations on sheep aNew Zealandc1992 a104 - 1060 v403 a

Two synthetic pyrethroid (cypermethrin) based pour-on insecticide formulations, with high cis/trans isomer ratios (80:20) but differing in their respective active ingredient concentrations and solvent component(s), were applied to sheep infested with the biting-louse, Bovicola ovis. All treated sheep were penned with louse-infested sheep 9,12 and 15 weeks after the insecticide was applied. The 2% cypermethrin formulation achieved a higher level of control than the 1.25% cypermethrin formulation at each challenge interval when applied 12 weeks after shearing. The 2% cypermethrin formulation provided 97-100% control of lice from 4 to 16 weeks after application on sheep shorn 6 or 12 weeks prior to treatment. The 1.25% cypermethrin formulation provided 85% control of lice 4 weeks after application on sheep shorn 12 weeks prior to treatment, the level of control increasing to a maximum of 100% by week 9, and declining thereafter. The 2% cypermethrin formulation may provide a better level of control in long-woolled sheep than 1.25% cypermethrin, by compensating for the diluent effect of lipid.

1 aHeath, A., C. G.1 aNottingham, R., M.1 aBishop, D., M.1 aCole, D., J. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00480169.1992.3571001768nas a2200313 4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162260002200231300001200253490000700265520078100272653001201053653002101065653000901086653004601095653002901141653001501170653001001185653003201195653004201227653002201269653001201291100002101303700001901324700001701343700001901360856007501379 1995 eng d a0304-401700aEvidence for the role of the sheep biting-louse Bovicola ovis in producing cockle, a sheep pelt defect0 aEvidence for the role of the sheep bitinglouse Bovicola ovis in  aNETHERLANDSc1995 a53 - 580 v593 a

The prevalence and severity of cockle, a sheep pelt defect characterised by raised lumps, was assessed on lambs that were either louse-infested (Bovicola ovis) or louse-free at birth. Assessments were made on pickled pelts, 10 months after the lambs had entered the trial. Lambs kept free of lice did not develop cockle, whereas the defect was common in lambs (about 90%) that were infested with lice. There was a direct correlation between louse scores and cockle, high louse scores being associated with a more severe degree of cockle. The results give support to the strong causal relationship between B. ovis and cockle, but questions such as the minimum number of lice needed to cause cockle and the time required for cockle to develop still need to be answered.

10aanimals10aAnimals, Newborn10alice10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aNew Zealand/epidemiology10aPrevalence10asheep10aSheep Diseases/epidemiology10aSkin Diseases/epidemiology/veterinary10aSkin/parasitology10aTanning1 aHeath, A., C. G.1 aCooper, S., M.1 aCole, D., J.1 aBishop, D., M. uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/030440179400723P01790nas a2200193 4500008004100000020001400041245011100055210006900166260002200235300001400257490000700271520115800278100001601436700001701452700001901469700002101488700001901509856006801528 1996 eng d a0048-016900aDetection of dermatophilosis and lice (Bovicola ovis) on flayed pelts and cockle on the skin of live lambs0 aDetection of dermatophilosis and lice Bovicola ovis on flayed pe aNew Zealandc1996 a121 - 1250 v443 a

Pelts from lambs submitted to an abattoir were obtained at monthly intervals from December to August. One half of each freshly flayed pelt was examined for cockle, lice (Bovicolu ovis) and dermatophilosis, and the observations compared with defects attributable to cockle and dermatophilosis in the corresponding pickled half-pelts. Formalin-fixed samples from pelts identified as having cockle were examined microscopically. Cockle was not detected macroscopically in flayed half-pelts despite being obvious in 4% of the pelts after pickling. Lice were detected in 17% of the flayed half-pelts. Dermatophilosis occurred in 12% of flayed half-pelts, presenting most commonly as small lesions in the dorsal midline regions of the lambs. However, only 4% of pickled half-pelts showed defects attributable to dermatophilosis. In other groups of lambs, cockle was detected in vivo by examining the skin over the upper shoulder region after close shearing of the wool. This method of detection showed sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100%. The results of this work provide a basis for the monitoring of dermatophilosis and cockle in live lambs.

1 aPfeffer, A.1 aCole, D., J.1 aBishop, D., M.1 aHeath, A., C. G.1 aPhegan, M., D. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00480169.1996.3595202299nas a2200265 4500008004100000020001400041245014900055210006900204260002200273300001400295490000700309520135000316653001201666653006301678653001501741653003701756653001001793653001901803653005801822100002101880700001901901700001701920700002001937856007601957 1996 eng d a0304-401700aThe development of cockle, a sheep pelt defect, in relation to size of infestation and time of exposure to Bovicola ovis, the sheep-biting louse0 adevelopment of cockle a sheep pelt defect in relation to size of aNETHERLANDSc1996 a259 - 2670 v673 a

Groups of ten louse-naive lambs were infested with one, ten or 100 female Bovicola ovis and killed 84 days later when an examination of their pelts was made to detect cockle. In a second experiment groups of ten lambs were infested with ten or 100 female B. ovis and groups of lambs were killed every fortnight up to 84 days post-infestation. The pelts were examined in order to detect the earliest time at which cockle could be detected following a louse infestation. Cockle is a nodular condition of the skin arising in response to infestation with B. ovis and is possibly a hypersensitivity on the part of some sheep to antigens of louse origin. In the first experiment cockle did not develop in lambs that had remained louse free or which had been initially infested with one louse. However, five of ten lambs that had been infested with ten lice and all lambs that had been infested with 100 lice developed cockle. In general cockle severity was positively related to the size of the terminal louse population. Group mean louse counts only slightly exceeded the initial infestation in the lambs infested with either ten or 100 lice, and were less than the initial infestation in lambs given only one louse. In the second experiment cockle was first seen 54 days post-infestation, but only in sheep infested initially with 100 lice.

10aanimals10aLice Infestations/complications/physiopathology/veterinary10aMallophaga10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10asheep10aSheep Diseases10aSkin Diseases/parasitology/physiopathology/veterinary1 aHeath, A., C. G.1 aBishop, D., M.1 aCole, D., J.1 aPfeffer, A., T. uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304401796010448