02646nas a2200157 4500008004100000022002500041245015800066210006900224260001300293300001000306490000800316520185800324100002602182700002402208856025602232 2022 eng d a0008-347X, 1918-324000aSpatial distribution of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) infesting Canada geese and mallards (Aves: Anatidae), in Manitoba, Canada0 aSpatial distribution of chewing lice Phthiraptera Menoponidae Ph cAug-2022 a11 pp0 v1543 a

Canada geese, Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae), and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus (Anseriformes: Anatidae), are infested by several species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae). We examined the spatial distribution of lice upon these hosts. Hosts were dissected into five body regions: head and neck, wings, back, underside, and tail. Canada geese (n = 20) were infested with six species of lice. Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus) (n = 423) and Anatoecus spp. (n = 510) were restricted to the wings and head, respectively, whereas Ornithobius goniopleurus Denny (n = 1919) and Ciconiphilus pectiniventris (Harrison) (n = 757) were spread over multiple body regions. Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius) (n = 2) was present in insufficient numbers to reach conclusions about its distribution. Mallards (n = 8) were infested with four species of lice. Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli) (n = 121) and Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli) (n = 244) were restricted to the wings and head, respectively. Holomenopon maxbeieri Eichler (n = 52) infested multiple body regions, and Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus) (n = 27) were found mainly on the wings. Chewing lice infesting mallards and Canada geese partition their hosts in accordance with their own morphological and ecological requirements.

1 aGrossi, Alexandra, A.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/spatial-distribution-of-chewing-lice-phthiraptera-menoponidae-philopteridae-infesting-canada-geese-and-mallards-aves-anatidae-in-manitoba-canada/C80350D8EC921F6918233E3534940D6E02916nas a2200193 4500008004100000022002500041245016100066210006900227260001300296300001400309490000800323520201800331653002402349653002302373100002402396700002102420700002202441856025902463 2021 eng d a0008-347X, 1918-324000aInfestation parameters for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) parasitising true thrushes (Aves: Passeriformes: Turdidae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aInfestation parameters for chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera I cJul-2021 a538–5550 v1533 a

Seven species of Turdidae (Aves: Passeriformes) in Manitoba, Canada were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera) in 1993–2019: Turdus migratorius (N = 570), Catharus ustulatus (N = 135), Catharus guttatus (N = 49), Catharus minimus (N = 12), Catharus fuscescens (N = 1), Sialia sialis (N = 4), and Sialia currucoides (N = 3). Five species of lice on T. migratorius had a prevalence of 24.0% and a mean intensity of 16.7. Overall prevalence for lice on C. ustulatus, C. guttatus, and C. minimus was 25.0%–59.2%; mean intensity was 7.0–23.3. On S. sialis, the prevalence was 50.0%; mean intensity was 10.0. No lice infested C. fuscescens or S. currucoides. Infestation parameters for each louse–host combination are provided. Louse infestations were highly aggregated. Female lice were more prevalent than males, especially for Ricinus elongatus (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Ricinidae) infesting T. migratorius (eight males; 81 females), or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. Infestation parameters were higher for adult T. migratorius than for juveniles or feathered chicks but not significantly so. Mean intensity was greater in spring than in fall. Louse abundance was lower than on hosts of similar size in Manitoba and lower than on thrushes in other studies.

10aCatharus fuscescens10aSialia currucoides1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J.1 aRempel, Zoe, D.L. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/infestation-parameters-for-chewing-lice-phthiraptera-amblycera-ischnocera-parasitising-true-thrushes-aves-passeriformes-turdidae-in-manitoba-canada/F031FDCFAD6EA02C91D77B0AD31D2BFA01500nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245020400055210006900259260001200328300001400340490000800354520084100362653002201203100002401225856009301249 2021 eng d a0008-347X00aAlcedoffula alcyonae Carriker (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) infesting belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Aves: Coraciiformes, Alcedinidae), in Manitoba, Canada0 aiAlcedoffula alcyonaei Carriker Phthiraptera Ischnocera Philopte c06-2021 a279 - 2840 v1533 a

Forty-one belted kingfishers, Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Aves: Coraciiformes: Alcedinidae), from Manitoba, Canada were examined for ectoparasites in 1995–2020. One species of chewing louse, Alcedoffula alcyonae Carriker (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae), infested 48.8% of hosts. The mean intensity of infestation was 17.1, and mean abundance was 8.5 lice per bird. Distribution of infestation was highly aggregated. Although female lice outnumbered males, the sex ratio was not significantly different from 1.0. The ratio of nymphs to females was 2.6. An unidentified species of feather mite of the genus Proterothrix Gaud (Acari: Astigmatina: Proctophyllodidae) infested three of 35 hosts (8.6%). No mites were found in the quills of primary feathers from 19 birds, and no nasal mites were collected from 32.

10aMegaceryle alcyon1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000772/type/journal_article00914nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260001200275300001400287490000800301520026600309100002700575700002500602700002400627856009300651 2020 eng d a0008-347X00aDescription of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)—CORRIGENDUM0 aDescription of the postembryonic stages of iMulcticola macroceph c12-2020 a830 - 8310 v1523 a

This is the correction for publication: Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)

Original publication see, http://phthiraptera.info/node/95135

1 aKuabara, Kamila, M. D.1 aValim, Michel, Paiva1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000668/type/journal_article01424nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192260001200261300001200273490000800285520079200293100002701085700002501112700002401137856009301161 2020 eng d a0008-347X00aDescription of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)0 aDescription of the postembryonic stages of iMulcticola macroceph c12-2022 a723-7330 v1523 a

The nymphs I, II, III, and adult male and adult female stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae), a monoxenous species of chewing louse infesting common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), in North America, are described. Line drawings of whole nymphs and adults are presented, as are details of anterior dorsal head plates, metasternal plates, female subvulvar plates, and male genitalia. Ontogenetic characters exhibited during the postembryonic development of this species of chewing louse are described and discussed in relation to previous information in the literature.

Please note a correction has been issue for this article. See http://phthiraptera.info/node/95213

 

1 aKuabara, Kamila, M. D.1 aValim, Michel, Paiva1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000541/type/journal_article02103nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245018500055210006900240260001200309300001000321520144900331100002801780700002401808700002001832856009301852 2020 eng d a0008-347X00aInfestation parameters of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on bald eagles, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae), in Manitoba, Canada0 aInfestation parameters of chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera an c12-2019 a1 - 93 a

Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus); Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) from 92 locations in Manitoba were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from 1992 to 2017. Bald eagles were salvaged from rehabilitation hospitals and were examined using two methods, dry-ruffling (n = 107) and washing (n = 40). We collected 39 066 bald eagle lice of four genera and six species: Colpocephalum flavescens (De Haan), C. napiforme (Rudow), C. turbinatum (Denny) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (total for all Colpocephalum species = 18 082), Craspedorrhynchus halieti (Osborn) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 49), Degeeriella discocephalus (Burmeister) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 20 912), and Kurodaia fulvofasciata (Piaget) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (n = 23). Quantitative data were collected on all genera with the comparison of washed to dry-ruffled. Colpocephalum flavescens and D. discocephalus dominated the louse populations, with similar prevalence and mean intensity. Both genera had sex ratios near 1.0, and similar nymph-to-female ratios near 3:1. The dry-ruffling method was relatively inefficient, collecting 11% as many lice as the washing method. Total prevalence for dry-ruffled birds was 63%; total mean intensity was 103.5, but for washed birds, the prevalence was 93% with a mean intensity of 861.1. No Laemobothrion vulturis (Fabricius) (Phthiraptera: Laemobothriidae) were found.

1 aLavallée, Christie, D.1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aRochon, Kateryn uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000671/type/journal_article01956nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245013000055210006900185260001200254300001100266520139500277100002101672700002401693856009301717 2020 eng d a0008-347X00aStability of chewing louse (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) populations infesting great horned owls (Aves: Strigidae)0 aStability of chewing louse Phthiraptera Amblycera and Ischnocera c12-2019 a1 - 103 a

The annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded on great horned owls (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin), Aves: Strigidae) from 1994 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada. Kurodaia magna Emerson (Amblycera: Menoponidae) had a mean annual abundance about half that for Strigiphilus oculatus (Rudow) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Mean intensity, rather than prevalence, explained the variation in annual abundance. Temporal variation (measured as population variability) in abundance and mean intensity were high and similar (0.62–0.67), but lower for nymph to female ratio (0.36–0.38). Temporal variation of prevalence and sex ratio were higher for K. magna (0.34–0.35) than for S. oculatus (0.21–0.22), and typical for other louse species. The high temporal variability for abundance and mean intensity suggest lower year-to-year stability than exhibited by other chewing lice, but over 80% of this variability was due to sampling error resulting from small sample sizes in some years and extreme intensities in the aggregated distributions of intensity. The remaining variation, < 20%, revealed no significant differences in annual abundance or mean intensity among years, and therefore stable populations over 22 years. Populations of 12 species of chewing lice show lower temporal variability and therefore greater stability than three other insect taxa.

1 aLamb, Robert, J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000695/type/journal_article01953nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260001200284300001400296490000800310520133900318100002101657700002401678856009301702 2019 eng d a0008-347X00aHost body size and the abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting eight owl species (Aves: Strigiformes) in Manitoba, Canada0 aHost body size and the abundance of chewing lice Phthiraptera Am c10-2019 a621 - 6280 v1513 a

Specimens (n = 508) of eight species of owl (Aves: Strigiformes) collected from 1994 to 2017 in Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera). The relationship between host body mass and infestation by 12 species of lice was examined. Host body mass explained 52% (P = 0.03) of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts, due primarily to a high abundance of lice on the heaviest owl species. The relationship was due to the mean intensity of lice, and neither species richness nor the prevalence of lice was related to host body mass. For individual louse species, the relationship was due primarily to Kurodaia acadicae Price and Beer, Kurodaia magna Emerson, and an undetermined species of Kurodaia Uchida (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (R2 = 0.997), but not the nine Strigiphilus Mjöberg (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) species (R2 = 0.27). Louse intensity did not increase with body size for individual birds of any of the owl species. Mean intensity is expected to increase in proportion with the size, specifically the surface area, of the host. Why that relationship holds only for one louse genus, and not for the most abundant genus of lice on owls, and weakly compared with other families of birds, has yet to be determined.

 

1 aLamb, Robert, J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000439/type/journal_article02716nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245014600055210006900201260001400270300001400284490000800298520208200306653002002388100002402408700002102432856009302453 2019 eng d a0008-347X00aInfestation parameters for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting owls (Aves: Strigidae, Tytonidae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aInfestation parameters for chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera I cJuly-2019 a608 - 6200 v1513 a

Eleven of the 12 species of owls (Aves: Strigidae, Tytonidae) known to occur in Manitoba, Canada, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from 1976 to 2015: barn owl (Tyto alba (Scopoli); Aves: Tytonidae) (n = 2), snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 77), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 262), great grey owl (Strix nebulosa Förster; Aves: Strigidae) (n = 142), barred owl (Strix varia Barton; Aves: Strigidae) (n = 10), northern hawk owl (Surnia ulula (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 18), short-eared owl (Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 74), long-eared owl (Asio otus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 67), eastern screech owl (Megascops aslo (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 59), boreal owl (Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 47), and northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus (Gmelin); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 44), a total of 802 owls. No lice were found infesting barn owl (Tyto alba (Scopoli); Aves: Tytonidae) or eastern screech owl (Megascops asio (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae). We collected a total of 113 810 lice of 12 species: Kurodaia Uchida (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) – three species; and Strigiphilus Mjöberg (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) – nine species. Overall prevalence of infestation ranged from 10.0% to 88.9%. Mean intensity for total lice ranged from 22.4 to 506.5. Infestation parameters for each louse–host combination are provided; prevalence and mean intensity were not related for louse–host species combinations. Distribution of louse infestations was highly aggregated. In all louse–host combinations but one, either females were more prevalent than males or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. Male Strigiphilus ceblebrachys Denny significantly outnumbered females in snowy owls. There was a tendency for louse species to co-occur on the same host specimen. Where sample sizes for owls were large enough, no seasonal patterns in abundance of lice were detected.

10aBubo scandiacus1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000427/type/journal_article02078nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245016500055210006900220260001600289300001400305490000800319520136600327100002101693700002401714856018201738 2018 eng d a0008-347X00aAbundance and stability of populations of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting two species of woodpeckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)0 aAbundance and stability of populations of chewing lice Phthirapt cJan-04-2018 a180 - 1890 v1503 a

The annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded from 1996 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada, on two species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae). Yellow-bellied sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus)) were infested with Menacanthus pici (Denny) (Amblycera: Menoponidae) and Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae); northern flickers (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus)) were also infested with M. pici, as well as two other Ischnocera, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) and Picicola porisma Dalgleish. The mean annual abundance varied from nine to 51 lice per bird for the four species, with prevalence, mean intensity, sex ratio, and nymphs per female also varying among louse species. Menacanthus pici populations on both hosts were unstable: abundance rose over two decades because of increasing prevalence, whereas the abundance of the other three louse species fluctuated around a mean. Population variability was similar for the lice on both hosts, with the metric, PV, ranging from 0.41 to 0.51 on a 0–1 scale, once the effect of the trend in abundance for M. pici had been removed. Although the population dynamics for species of lice on these two woodpeckers were distinct, inter-specific differences in population stability were less pronounced than observed in the few other species of bird lice studied in this way.

1 aLamb, Robert, J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000621/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X1700062102150nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245014900055210006900204260001600273300001400289490000800303520145900311100001601770700002401786856018201810 2017 eng d a0008-347X00aMyialges trinotoni (Acariformes: Epidermoptidae), a hyperparasitic mite infesting Trinoton querquedulae (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on waterfowl0 aMyialges trinotoni Acariformes Epidermoptidae a hyperparasitic m cJan-08-2017 a434 - 4430 v1493 a

Mites of the family Epidermoptidae (Acariformes) are permanent parasites dwelling on or in the skin of birds. Myialges Trouessart species are epidermoptids that have a hyperparasitic relationship with chewing lice (Phthiraptera) or louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). During 1993–2016 in Manitoba, Canada, 668 ducks (20 species), geese (five species), and swans (two species) were examined for lice. A total of 157 males, 191 females, and 539 nymphs of the menoponid louse Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) were collected, of which 25 adult lice from three hosts (Mergus merganser Linnaeus, Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus), Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus; Aves: Anatidae) were infested with 38 female Myialges trinotoni (Cooreman). Overall prevalence and intensity of M. trinotoni was low, and mites showed no statistically significant preference between male and female lice. Myialges trinotoni is recorded from Canada (Manitoba) and United States of America (Alaska) for the first time, and two novel avian host species records (Lophodytes cucullatus and Anas platyrhynchos) are reported. The male of M. trinotoni (loose in bird washing) is illustrated and described. The barcode region of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified from M. trinoton and compared with that of Myialges caulotoon Speiser, the only congeneric species for which COI is available, and interspecific divergence was high (25%).

1 aKnee, Wayne1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000165/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X1700016502398nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245016900055210006900224260001600293300001400309490000800323520157300331653001701904653001301921653001501934653001601949100002401965700002101989856018202010 2017 eng d a0008-347X00aAbundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) increases with the body size of their host woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)0 aAbundance of chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera and Ischnocera  cJan-08-2017 a473 - 4810 v1493 a

Specimens of five species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) from Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice, 1998–2015: downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n=49), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n=23), pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n = 10), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n = 170), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n = 239). The relationship between body mass of each host species and infestation by seven species of lice was analysed: Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all host species, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from Picoides Lacépède species, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from the other four hosts, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flicker, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from Picoides species, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Mean abundance of lice increased with the mean mass of their host. Neither the species richness of lice nor the prevalence of lice were related to host body mass. Host body mass explained 98% of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts. The positive association of mean intensity and body size was also detected for three genera of lice. Louse intensity also increased with body size for individual birds, more so for some species of lice and hosts than others. Body size matters, but the adaptations that allow higher mean intensity on larger host species remain to be determined.

10aChewing lice10aManitoba10asapsuckers10awoodpeckers1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000189/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X1700018902124nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245014300055210006900198260001600267300001400283490000800297520155100305100002401856700002101880856006501901 2016 eng d a0008-347X00aChewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aChewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera and Ischnocera infesting woo cJan-10-2016 a520 - 5310 v1483 a

Five species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera): downy woodpecker (DOWO) (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n = 56), hairy woodpecker (HAWO) (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n = 32), pileated woodpecker (PIWO) (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n = 12), northern flicker (NOFL) (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n = 223), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (YBSA) (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n = 192). Seven species of lice were collected (total number = 40 613): Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all species of woodpeckers, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from both species of Picoides Lacépède, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from all species of woodpeckers examined except northern flickers, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flickers, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from both species of Picoides, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Prevalence for total louse infestation ranged from 32.3% to 85.7% (NOFL > YBSA > PIWO > DOWO > HAWO). Mean intensity for total lice ranged from 29.2 to 232.4 (PIWO>NOFL>HAWO>YBSA>DOWO). Infestation parameters for each louse/host combination are provided. Distribution of louse infestations was highly aggregated. In all louse/host combinations, either females were more prevalent than males or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. There was a tendency for louse species to co-occur on the same host specimen.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1500089902033nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245017700055210006900232260001600301300001400317490000800331520142600339100002101765700002401786856006501810 2016 eng d a0008-347X00aSeasonal population dynamics of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting three species of woodpeckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aSeasonal population dynamics of chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblyc cJan-12-2016 a683 - 6920 v1483 a

Three species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera): the resident downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n = 55), and two migrants, yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n = 316) and northern flicker (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n = 225). Six species were collected: Menacanthus pici (Denny) (Amblycera: Menoponidae) from all hosts, and five species of Ischnocera (Philopteridae): Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from downy woodpeckers and sapsuckers, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) and Brueelia straminea (Denny) from downy woodpeckers, and Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) and Picicola porisma Dalgleish from flickers. Adults and nymphs were present on downy woodpeckers all year, and on migrant sapsuckers and flickers from when they arrived until they left, suggesting lice reproduce continuously on their hosts. Prevalence and mean intensities of louse infestations generally decreased from their respective springtime levels to their lowest values during or at the end of the breeding season of their hosts, and then increased in various degrees during the fall. No seasonal pattern in louse sex ratios was observed except on northern flickers, where male to female ratios for two of three species were lowest during the breeding season. Resident and migrant hosts had similar seasonal patterns of infestation by lice.

1 aLamb, Robert, J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1600027402140nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245022400055210006900279260001600348300001400364490000800378520144700386100002501833700002301858700002401881856006501905 2016 eng d a0008-347X00aSeasonal changes in the infestation parameters of the sucking louse, Linognathoides laeviusculus (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae), infesting Richardson’s ground squirrel (Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aSeasonal changes in the infestation parameters of the sucking lo cJan-04-2016 a143 - 1500 v1483 a

Linognathoides laeviusculus (Grube) (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae) is a louse found on holarctic ground squirrels but little is known about how the life history, physiology, and hibernation of the host influence its population dynamics. Two hundred and fourteen Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii (Sabine); Rodentia: Sciuridae) were trapped over the summer of 2010, and the age, sex, and mass of all euthanised squirrels were recorded. Squirrels were hand-washed to remove lice, which were then identified to species, stage of development, and sex. Linognathoides laeviusculus was the only louse collected. In total, 5057 lice were collected with 63.6% of the squirrels infested at a mean intensity of 37.2 (90% confidence interval = 29.98–48.66). Two peaks in prevalence of L. laeviusculus infestations occurred (April and mid-June), and one peak in intensity (June). Juvenile squirrels had higher prevalence and mean intensity when compared to adults. Adult male squirrels had higher mean intensity compared to adult females. Adult lice comprised most of the population infesting emerging adult squirrels in the spring but nymphs predominated for most of the active season of the host. Infestations were highly aggregated with k = 0.203 and index of discrepancy D = 0.813. The seasonal dynamics of L. laeviusculus appear to be strongly correlated with the annual cycle of the squirrel host.

1 aYunik, Matthew, E.M.1 aWaterman, Jane, M.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1500049801862nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260001600283300001400299490000800313520127300321100002401594700002101618856006501639 2015 eng d a0008-347X00aSeasonal population dynamics of four species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae)0 aSeasonal population dynamics of four species of chewing lice Pht cJan-12-2015 a712 - 7220 v1473 a

Seasonal dynamics of louse (Phthiraptera) populations on feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) were investigated from 2003 to 2012 in southern Manitoba, Canada. Pigeons were infested with: Philopteridae – Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus), and Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro; Menoponidae – Hohorstiella lata (Piaget). We consider the hypothesis that four species living on the same host show similar seasonal dynamics, coordinated by the life history of the host. Adults of both sexes and nymphs of all four species were present on pigeons throughout the year, consistent with continuous feeding and reproduction. Campanulotes compar and C. columbae populations were low in spring and peaked in September, with C. columbae showing greater seasonal changes for all population parameters. Coloceras tovornikae showed two annual peaks in abundance in spring and late summer, and H. lata was most abundant in the cold months of the year. Over 10 years, the four species showed distinct seasonal dynamics, although they live on the same birds. Seasonal patterns provided no evidence that louse reproduction or abundance is coordinated by the long breeding and moulting seasons of the host.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1400084402006nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245021200055210006900267260001600336300001400352490000800366520136400374100002401738700002101762856006501783 2015 eng d a0008-347X00aAbundance and stability of populations of a chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), on common nighthawks, Chordeiles minor (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae) in Manitoba, Canada0 aAbundance and stability of populations of a chewing louse Mulcti cJan-12-2015 a723 - 7310 v1473 a

Populations of the chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), were investigated on its host the common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Aves: Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), from 1992 to 2013 in southern Manitoba, Canada. The louse was present in all but one year with an annual prevalence of 0.52, mean intensity of 16 lice per infested bird, a ratio of 0.81 males and 1.89 nymphs to female (n = 178). Intensity was the same in the first 11 and last nine years of the study, but prevalence dropped from 0.59 to 0.34 between the two decades. Population variability for annual abundance, measured as PV, was 0.49. In August, adults and newly fledged nighthawks had a prevalence of infestation similar to the adults that immigrated in the spring, but mean intensity did not reach spring levels until September–October. Samples of hosts were small in some years, reducing the precision of parameter estimates, particularly those based on ratios. The population parameters for M. macrocephalus on a native migrant host were intermediate in the ranges of parameters for four species of lice on non-migratory, introduced feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae), but the distributions of M. macrocephalus among nighthawks was less severely aggregated than those from pigeons.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1400085602080nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245018100055210006900236260001600305300001400321490000800335520142300343100002601766700002901792700002401821856006501845 2014 eng d a0008-347X00aAnatoecus species (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Anseriformes in North America and taxonomic status of Anatoecus dentatus and Anatoecus icterodes0 aemAnatoecusem species Phthiraptera Philopteridae from Anseriform cJan-12-2014 a598 - 6080 v1463 a

Anatoecus Cummings (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) is a genus of chewing lice with four species infesting Anseriformes in North America: Anatoecus cygni (Denny), Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli), Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch), and Anatoecus penicillatus Kéler. Males of A. dentatus and A. icterodes are distinguishable by their genitalia; however, there are no known anatomical characteristics to distinguish females. Anatoecus dentatus and A. icterodes are recorded from at least 55 of the same host species worldwide. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I was examined from the four Anatoecus species, specifically to examine the taxonomic status of A. dentatus and A. icterodes. When sequences from these species were analysed using neighbour joining analysis, A. dentatus and A. icterodes were recovered in a well-supported cluster. However, A. dentatus and A. icterodes were mixed within the same cluster. The average interspecific genetic distance of A. dentatus and A. icterodes (0.04%) was almost the same as the average intraspecific genetic distances of A. dentatus and A. icterodes 0.02% and 0.05%, respectively. Therefore, we formally synonymise A. dentatus and A. icterodes as Anatoecus dentatus (new synonymy). In addition two new hosts for A. penicillatus were recorded: Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae) and Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae).

1 aGrossi, Alexandra, A.1 aSharanowski, Barbara, J.1 aGalloway, Terry, D. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1400012102223nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245017800055210006900233260001600302300001400318490000800332520161500340100002401955700002101979856006502000 2014 eng d a0008-347X00aAbundance and stability are species traits for four chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons, Columba livia (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae)0 aAbundance and stability are species traits for four chewing lice cJan-08-2014 a444 - 4560 v1463 a

Population parameters of ectoparasites on feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae), were estimated from 1995–2012 in southern Manitoba, Canada. The ectoparasites are chewing lice (Phthiraptera): Philopteridae – Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus), and Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro; Menoponidae – Hohorstiella lata (Piaget). We tested the hypotheses that both abundance and population stability are species-specific traits. Over 10 years, the four species of lice had distinct population dynamics. Campanulotes compar and C. columbae were more abundant than C. tovornikae and H. lata, had higher male to female sex ratios and higher ratios of nymphs to females, different levels of aggregation, and more stable populations. Campanulotes compar was more prevalent than C. columbae and its prevalence was more stable, and the two species also showed differences in the levels and stabilities of male and nymph to female ratios. Coloceras tovornikae had a higher prevalence and male to female sex ratio than H. lata, but the two species showed similar levels of stability for these parameters. The level of stability of these populations was relatively high com- pared with many other organisms, and in particular higher than for plant ectoparasites (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Although the four species occupy similar habitats, often on the same bird, and three of the four feed in a similar way, the population biology of each species is distinct. The life history traits that lead to these differences have yet to be determined.

1 aGalloway, Terry, D.1 aLamb, Robert, J. uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X1300086200442nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260001200197300001000209490000800219100002400227856006900251 1976 eng d00aEfficacy of ronnel as a pour-on and coumaphos as a dust for control of cattle lice0 aEfficacy of ronnel as a pouron and coumaphos as a dust for contr c01/1976 a83-880 v1081 aWright, Russell, E. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/61510.pdf00363nas a2200121 4500008004100000245004000041210004000081260001200121300001200133490000700145100002000152856006900172 1890 eng d00aPeriod of development in Mallophaga0 aPeriod of development in Mallophaga c11/1890 a219-2200 v221 aOsborn, Herbert uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/61365.pdf00339nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004000041210004000081300001200121490000700133100002000140856006900160 1884 eng d00aNotes on Mallophaga and Pediculidae0 aNotes on Mallophaga and Pediculidae a197-1990 v161 aOsborn, Herbert uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/61363.pdf