05356nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260001600229300001000245490000700255520438300262653002204645653001804667653002604685653001004711653003304721653000904754653001704763653001504780653002104795653002404816100002004840700002104860700001804881700002104899700002204920700001504942856007304957 2024 eng d a2297-176900aChewing lice of wild birds in Iran: new data and a checklist of avian louse species reported in Iran0 aChewing lice of wild birds in Iran new data and a checklist of a cFeb-02-2024 a32 pp0 v103 a

Between September 2019 and December 2023, a total of 612 wild birds representing 16 orders, 33 families, 60 genera, and 78 species from nine provinces of Iran with different climates namely Hamedan (n = 54), Sistan-va-Baluchestan (n = 372), Kerman (n = 73), South Khorasan (n = 52), Mazandaran (n = 7), Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari (n = 2), Gilan (n = 2), Golestan (n = 18), North Khorasan (n = 9), and Razavi Khorasan (n = 23) were examined for chewing lice infestation. Naked eye examination revealed that 58 birds (9.5%) were infested with at least one chewing louse species. Collected lice specimens belonged to 28 species from the families Philopteridae, Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae including Strigiphilus strigis (n = 55, 15.6%), Falcolipeurus quadripustulatus (n = 41, 11.6%), Craspedorrhynchus platystomus (n = 40, 11.3%), Colpocephalum turbinatum (n = 36, 10.2%), Laemobothrion maximum (n = 25, 7.1%), Nosopon lucidum (n = 20, 5.6%), Degeeriella fulva (n = 18, 5.1%), Colpocephalum eucarenum (n = 16, 4.5%), Laemobothrion vulturis (n = 15, 4.2%), Anaticola crassicornis (n = 13, 3.7%), Craspedorrhynchus aquilinus (n = 9, 2.5%), Degeeriella fusca (n = 7, 2.0%), Aegypoecus trigonoceps (n = 7, 2.0%), Quadraceps obscurus (n = 6, 1.7%), Colpocephalum impressum (n = 6, 1.7%), Trinoton querquedulae (n = 6, 1.7%), Colpocephalum heterosoma (n = 5, 1.4%), Colpocephalum nanum (n = 5, 1.4%), Lunaceps holophaeus (n = 4, 1.1%), Quadraceps spp. (n = 4, 1.1%), Actornithophilus uniseriatus (n = 2, 0.6%), Nosopon chanabense (n = 2, 0.6%), Actornithophilus cornutus (n = 1, 0.3%), Cuclotogaster heterographus (n = 1, 0.3%), Falcolipeurus suturalis (n = 1, 0.3%), Laemobothrion atrum (n = 1, 0.3%), Colpocephalum gypsi (n = 1, 0.3%), and Rallicola cuspidatus (n = 1, 0.3%). All of these species except six, i.e., Trinoton spp., C. aquilinus, L. vulturis, L. maximum, C. impressum, C. turbinatum, and C. heterographus are recorded for the first time from Iran. This study is the largest epidemiological study to date performed in the country. Data reported herein contribute to our knowledge about diversity of avian chewing lice from wild birds in Iran. In this paper, an updated checklist of louse species reported from Iran according to their avian hosts is presented.

10aAquila nipalensis10abirds of prey10aChewing louse species10afauna10ahost–parasite associations10aIran10aMiddle- east10aNew record10aSpatula clypeata10aSpatula querquedula1 aBahiraei, Zahra1 aSazmand, Alireza1 aKhedri, Javad1 aBabaei, Mohammad1 aMoeinifard, Erfan1 aDik, Bilal uhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1324619/full02944nas a2200301 4500008004100000022002500041245013000066210006900196260001600265300001200281490000700293520202600300653001702326653002502343653001402368653001702382653001002399653001602409653002402425653001502449100001502464700002502479700001602504700002602520700002202546700002602568856004802594 2023 eng d a2247-0735, 1223-225400aChewing lice (Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Ischnocera) from shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes) in the Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey0 aChewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera Ischnocera from shorebirds A cDec-31-2023 a225-2620 v663 a

This study was carried out in the Kızılırmak Delta Cernek Bird Ringing Station, Central Black Sea Region, during August and September 2020, to survey the louse species found on shorebirds (Aves: Charadriiformes). A total of 241 birds belonging to 13 species were searched for chewing lice. Eleven species in six genera of the family Scolopacidae (Actitis hypoleucos, Arenaria interpres, Calidris alba, Calidris alpina, Calidris falcinellus, Calidris ferruginea, Calidris minuta, Gallinago gallinago, Tringa glareola, Tringa totanus, Xenus cinereus) and two species in one genus of the family Charadriidae (Charadrius dubius, Charadrius hiaticula) were examined. Birds were caught alive with mist-nets, ringed, searched for lice, and released. A total of 153 birds (63.49%) were infested with lice belonging to 16 species, five amblycerans: Actornithophilus bicolor, Actornithophilus ochraceus, Actornithophilus totani, Actornithophilus umbrinus, Austromenopon lutescens, and eleven ischnocerans: Carduiceps fulvofasciatus, Carduiceps meinertzhageni, Carduiceps zonarius, Lunaceps actophilus, Lunaceps falcinellus, Lunaceps schismatus, Quadraceps hiaticulae, Quadraceps obscurus, Quadraceps ravus, Quadraceps strepsilaris and Saemundssonia platygaster frater. These eight species are new records for Turkey: Ac. bicolor, Ac. ochraceus, Ca. fulvofasciatus, Lu. falcinellus, Lu. schismatus, Qu. ravus, Qu. strepsilaris and Sa. platygaster frater. In addition, Qudraceps hiaticulae was recorded from Little ringed plovers (Charadrius dubius)  for the first time in the world in this study. According the lice checklist of wild birds in Turkey, a total of 188 bird species examined and 122 of them were infested, and a total of 217 chewing lice species has been recorded.

10aBird ringing10aCalidris falcinellus10achecklist10aChewing lice10ahosts10aInfestation10aLunaceps schismatus10ashorebirds1 aDik, Bilal1 aErciyas_Yavuz, Kiraz1 aBal, Melisa1 aÖzsemir, Arif, Cemal1 aYavuz, Nizamettin1 aDavulcu, Dilge, Sıla uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.66.e9752600471nas a2200145 4500008004100000022002500041245006800066210006500134260001600199300001000215490000700225100002000232700001700252856005600269 2023 eng d a1046-2821, 2155-990200aDon’t Lose the Louse: Articulating Our Values in Conservation0 aDon t Lose the Louse Articulating Our Values in Conservation cSep-01-2023 a38-410 v691 aBarrett, Meghan1 aFischer, Bob uhttps://academic.oup.com/ae/article/69/3/38/726290101094nas a2200193 4500008004100000245015700041210006900198520025200267653003300519653002100552653002300573100002600596700001700622700001700639700001300656700001100669700001700680856020300697 2022 eng d00aBird and parasite conservation are not incompatible: an example from the endangered Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) and its parasitic lice (Phthiraptera)0 aBird and parasite conservation are not incompatible an example f3 a

Presentation at the 16th China Ornithological congress, discussing briefly the need for taking parasites into account for conservation and breeding programs, focusing on the specific example of lice from the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon)

10aGuimaraesiella ailaoshanensi10aMyrsidea liopari10aResartor extraneus1 aGustafsson, Daniel, R1 aTian, Chunpo1 aYu, Xiaoping1 aXu, Lulu1 aWu, Si1 aZou, Fasheng uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/359837194_Bird_and_parasite_conservation_are_not_incompatible_an_example_from_the_endangered_Crested_Ibis_Nipponia_nippon_and_its_parasitic_lice_Phthiraptera08993nas a2200121 4500008004100000245018300041210007100224260006200295490000800357520842800365100002808793856005008821 2022 eng d00aRelación parásito-hospedador-ambiente: el modelo Larus dominicanus (Aves: Laridae) a través de un estudio comparativo entre áreas con diferente grado de antropización0 aRelación parásitohospedadorambiente el modelo iLarus dominicanus aBuenos Aires, ArgentinabUniversidad Nacional De La Plata0 vPhD3 a

Thesis in Spanish

Los parásitos son importantes componentes de la biodiversidad, aunque muchas veces desestimados, cumplen numerosos roles en los sistemas naturales. La mayoría de los parásitos de aves acuáticas son adquiridos a través de la dieta, la cual, según su amplitud y composición, influye sobre la riqueza y abundancia de los endoparásitos que presentan los hospedadores. Por otra parte, los ectoparásitos como los piojos, comparten una estrecha relación con sus hospedadores, aportando información valiosa para el entendimiento de las asociaciones hospedador-parásito-ambiente. Además, los enterobacterales de las aves silvestres, como parte de la microbiota intestinal, y las bacterias del género Chlamydia pueden ser utilizadas como indicadoras de salud ambiental, ubicando a las aves silvestres como centinelas, portadoras y diseminadoras de especies de bacterias patógenas y zoonóticas, sobre todo de aquellas resistentes a los antimicrobianos

El crecimiento de la población humana y de las actividades asociadas a ella, ocasiona un gran impacto sobre la dinámica de los sistemas naturales. Los residuos generados en las grandes ciudades están provocando cambios en el comportamiento alimenticio de diversas aves silvestres, siendo los basurales a cielo abierto o los rellenos sanitarios fuentes principales o alternativas de alimentación. La gaviota cocinera (Larus dominicanus) es una especie de amplia distribución en el hemisferio sur, cuyas poblaciones están en constante crecimiento, debido a los suplementos alimenticios aportados por los basurales de origen antrópico y de descartes pesqueros no tratados. El objetivo de este trabajo de tesis fue describir y comparar la parasitofauna (endo y ectoparásitos) y enterobacterales de L. dominicanus, y de otras especies de láridos asociadas a ellas, que frecuentan diferentes tipos de basurales en dos regiones biogeográficas contrastantes de Argentina, con el fin de inferir el rol que cumplen las gaviotas en la dispersión de parásitos y enfermedades zoonóticas, así como también de resistencia antimicrobiana.

Se analizaron 30 L. dominicanus, 38 Chroicocephalus maculipennis y 7 Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus en el relleno sanitario CEAMSE, Ensenada, provincia de Buenos Aires (región biogeográfica Pampeana), el cual recibe residuos domiciliarios; y 40 L. dominicanus y 6 C. maculipennis en los cuencos municipales de la ciudad de Puerto Madryn, provincia del Chubut (región biogeográfica del Monte), los cuales reciben descarte pesquero, residuos cloacales no tratados, entre otros. Las comunidades de endoparásitos de cada especie de gaviota se estudiaron a nivel taxonómico, y a través de parámetros como la prevalencia, intensidad y abundancia media, riqueza específica, índices de diversidad, equitabilidad, dominancia y de similitud. También se evaluaron según la estación del año en las cuales fueron capturadas (otoño-invierno o primavera), el sexo, la edad y el peso de cada hospedador.

Se hallaron en total 12 especies parásitas en las gaviotas en Ensenada: 3 pertenecientes al grupo de los cestodes (Anomotaenia sp., Paricterotaenia sp. y Tetrabothrius cylindraceus), 7 taxa de digeneos (Stephanoprora uruguayensis, Diplostomum spathaceum, Posthodiplostomum sp., Riverabilharzia ensenadense, Marinabilharzia patagonense, Tanaisia valida y Stomylotrema bijugum) y 2 de nematodes (Cosmocephalus obvelatus y Eucoleus sp).

En las gaviotas de Puerto Madryn se hallaron en total de 17 taxa: 3 pertenecientes al grupo de los cestodes (Anomotaenia sp., Paricterotaenia sp. y Tetrabothrius cylindraceus), 10 taxa de digeneos (Maritrema madrynense, Odhneria odhneri, Levinseniella cruzi, Gymnophallus australis, Renicola sp., Brachylecithum sp., Marinabilharzia patagonense, Stephanoprora podicipei, Himasthla escamosa, Parorchis n. sp.), 3 nematodes (Cosmocephalus obvelatus, Paracuaria adunca y Eucoleus sp.), y 1 acantocéfalo (Profilicollis chasmagnathi).

Riverabilharzia ensenadense y M. patagonense constituyen nuevas especies para la ciencia descriptas a partir de este trabajo de tesis, que presentan un potencial zoonótico. Además, se amplía el registro hospedatorio y geográfico de otros taxa hallados.

El análisis de las comunidades de helmintos determinó que existe mayor similitud cualitativa entre las comunidades componentes presentes en L. dominicanus y en C. maculipennis de una misma región biogeográfica (i.e. región Pampeana), que entre las comunidades de la misma especies hospedadora (i.e. L. dominicanus) procedentes de localidades diferentes, indicando que el factor geográfico, es el de mayor relevancia en la estructuración de las comunidades. A su vez, la comunidad componente de L. dominicanus hallada en este trabajo, se comparó con resultados de otros autores y con datos propios aún no publicados de gaviotas cocineras con el hábito de picotear piel y grasa de ballenas francas australes durante el período reproductivo de estos mamíferos en el área de Península Valdés, provincia del Chubut. El estudio comparativo de los parásitos, permitió concluir que las gaviotas concentran su atención al ataque de las ballenas, reduciendo la ingesta de ítems presa naturales.

Respecto a los ectoparásitos, se identificaron 4 especies de piojos: Saemundssonia lari, Quadraceps punctatus, Actornithophilus piceus lari y Austromenopon transversum. Estas especies de malófagos ya habían sido citadas para láridos en Argentina, pero en este trabajo de tesis se amplía el registro geográfico para todas las especies en la provincia de Buenos Aires y se reporta por primera vez a S. lari parasitando a C. cirrocephalus y a Q. punctatus a C. maculipennis.
Se aislaron e identificaron 8 géneros de enterobacterales y 10 especies en total entre ambos sitios de estudio: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus rettgeri, Proteus sp., Salmonella sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter sp., Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter sp., Serratia marcescens y Morganella morganii. En términos generales, E. coli y las especies del género Proteus fueron aisladas en todas las especies de gaviotas analizadas y en ambos sitios de estudio, siendo las del género Proteus las de mayores prevalencias en ambos sitios. A su vez, se aislaron cepas portadoras de genes que confieren resistencia a antimicrobianos de uso medicinal en ambos sitios de muestreo.

También, se hallaron cepas de bacterias pertenecientes a la familia Chlamydiaceae en todas las especies de gaviotas analizadas en cada uno de los sitios de muestreo.
A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se observó que las gaviotas que frecuentan basurales como fuente alternativa de alimentación, presentan comunidades parasitarias con baja riqueza específica, poco diversas y abundantes. A su vez, se observa que la presencia de basurales y vertederos influye en el tamaño de las poblaciones de gaviotas, generando una amenaza para otros animales, como la ballena franca austral.

Se concluye entonces que las modificaciones ambientales generadas por el hombre, alteran el comportamiento de los hospedadores y en consecuencia la diversidad y estructura de sus comunidades parásitas, lo cual se relaciona directamente con la diseminación de parásitos con potencial zoonótico. Además, el avance de las actividades humanas favorece que la fauna silvestre participe en la diseminación de bacterias resistentes a antimicrobianos en los diversos ambientes que frecuentan. A partir de este estudio se pone de manifiesto la importancia del concepto “Una Salud”, en el cual la salud ambiental, la salud humana y la sanidad animal están intrínsecamente relacionadas.Phthi

1 aLorenti, Eliana, Andrea uhttp://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/13973502261nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245017700055210006900232260001600301300001000317490000700327520134600334653002501680653001401705653001601719653001701735653001901752653001601771653001501787100002601802700001901828700001701847700001701864700002001881700002601901856004401927 2023 eng d a1424-281800aHost Migration and Size Do Not Influence the Prevalence of Most Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on Shorebirds (Aves: Charadriiformes) across the World0 aHost Migration and Size Do Not Influence the Prevalence of Most  cFeb-01-2023 a19 pp0 v153 a

Patterns of prevalence in chewing lice (Phthiraptera) on wild birds are poorly known, as are the underlying factors that influence these patterns. Here, we analyze a data set consisting of published prevalence data of lice on shorebirds, as well as new prevalence data from shorebirds examined in Australia, Canada, China, Japan, and Sweden between 2007 and 2020. In total, prevalence data from 10 genera of lice from over 110 host species were included, including all major families of shorebirds. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we examine how the prevalence of lice of different genera varies between different sets of birds, focusing on two factors associated with migration (migration length and migration route). We found that host body size does not influence prevalence of lice in the Charadriiformes for any of the four most common and widely distributed louse genera (Actornithophilus, Austromenopon, Quadraceps, and Saemundssonia). Moreover, neither of the two migration variables showed any statistically significant correlations with prevalence, except for the genus Saemundssonia in which the prevalence of lice on short-distance migrants was significantly higher than on intermediate- and long-distance migrants. We also present 15 new records of chewing lice for China and 12 for Australia.

10aindex of specificity10aMigration10aNew records10aPedionomidae10aPluvianellidae10aPluvianidae10aPrevalence1 aGrossi, Alexandra, A.1 aLee, Myung-Bok1 aTian, Chunpo1 aZou, Fasheng1 aChoi, Chi-Yeung1 aGustafsson, Daniel, R uhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/2/20002093nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245015500055210006900210260001600279300001200295490000700307520143500314653001901749653001801768653001701786653001801803100003001821856004801851 2020 eng d a2071-125500aSome chewing lice (Phthiraptera) species as ectoparasites infested aquatic birds with a new record of three species from Al-Sanaf marsh/ southern Iraq0 aSome chewing lice Phthiraptera species as ectoparasites infested cJan-01-2020 a173-1800 v343 a

The present study was carried out to determine additional chewing lice of aquatic birds and additional data on the prevalence of chewing lice in aquatic birds found on the Southern marshes of Iraq. Sixty-nine of different species of aquatic birds were randomly collected and examined for chewing lice in Al-Sanaf marsh, which is located in Thi-Qar province / Southern Iraq, between October 2016 and February 2017, the lice placed in tubes containing 70% ethanol after that they cleared, mounted and identified according to morphological features. Twenty-five (36.23%) out of 69 aquatic birds were infested with chewing lice, a total of six lice species were identified from birds in the current study included Piagetiella titan and Pectinopygus forficulatus infested White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus, Actornithophilus piceus lari infested Slender-billed Gull Larus geni, Actornithophilus himantopi infested Black-Winged stilt Himantopus himantopus, Rallicola fulicae isolated from coot Fulica atra and Rallicola parani infested moorhen Gallinula chloropus. Three lice species: Pectinopygus forficulatus, Rallicola fulicae and Rallicola parani were recorded in current study for the first time in Iraq. We need further investigations of Phthiraptera fauna are very important, not only to complete the list, but also to provide information about parasite-host vector relationships and phylogenetic relation among species

10aAl-Sanaf marsh10aaquatic birds10aChewing lice10aSouthern Iraq1 aMohammad, Zainab, Abd-Ali uhttps://vetmedmosul.com/article_164348.html04339nas a2200229 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260001200202300001100214490000700225520356500232653001303797653001803810653000903828653002103837653001703858653001903875100001803894700002303912700002203935856015203957 2021 eng d00aChecklist of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) of the birds of Peru0 aChecklist of chewing lice Phthiraptera Amblycera and Ischnocera  c02-2021 a7 - 520 v193 a

Peru is one of the countries with the highest diversity of birds worldwide, having about 1,876 species in its territory. However, studies focused on chewing lice (Phthiraptera) have been carried out on only a minority of bird species. The available data are distributed in 87 publications in the national and international literature. In this checklist we summarize all the records to date of chewing lice on wild and domestic birds in Peru. Among the 301 species of birds studied, 266 species of chewing lice were recorded. The localities with the highest records were the Departments of Cusco, Junín, Lima and Madre de Dios. No records of birds parasitized by these lice have been found in seven departments of Peru. Studies related to lice have only been reported in 16 % of bird species in the country, indicating that research concerning chewing lice has not yet been performed for the the majority of birds in Peru.

Spanish title: Lista de verificación de piojos masticadores (Phthiraptera: Amblycera e Ischnocera) de las aves de Perú

Resumen: Perú es uno de los países con mayor diversidad de aves del mundo, con unas 1.876 especies en su territorio. Sin embargo, los estudios dedicados a piojos masticadores (Phthiraptera) de aves se limitan a un número reducido de especies. Esta información se encuentra distribuida en 87 publicaciones nacionales e internacionales. Esta lista de verificación incluye todos los registros de piojos masticadores realizados en aves silvestres y domésticas de Perú. La lista consta de 301 especies de aves en las que se registraron 266 especies de piojos masticadores. Las zonas con mayores registros fueron los departamentos de Cuzco, Junín, Lima y Madre de Dios. No se encontraron registros de aves parasitadas por piojos en siete departamentos de Perú. Tan solo el 16 % de las especies de aves de Perú cuentan con algún estudio referido a piojos, por lo que una importante proporción de aves parasitadas por los mismos permanece indocumentada.

Palabras claves: Avifauna, Ectoparásitos, Piojos, Parasitología, Phthiraptera

Catalan title: Llista de verificació de polls mastegadors (Phthiraptera: Amblycera e Ischnocera) dels ocells del Perú

Resum: El Perú és un dels països amb més diversitat d’ocells del món, amb unes 1.876 espècies al seu territori. Tanmateix, els estudis dedicats a polls mastegadors (Phthiraptera) d’ocells es limiten a un nombre reduït d’espècies. Aquesta informació es troba distribuïda en 87 publicacions nacionals i internacionals. Aquesta llista de verificació inclou tots els registres de polls mastegadors portats a terme en ocells silvestres i domèstics del Perú. La llista consta de 301 espècies d’ocells en les quals es van registrar 266 espècies de polls mastegadors. Les zones amb més registres van ser els departaments de Cusco, Junín, Lima i Madre de Dios. No es van trobar registres d’ocells parasitats per polls en set departaments del Perú. Només el 16 % de les espècies d’ocells del Perú tenen algun estudi referit a polls, per la qual cosa una proporció important d’ocells parasitats per polls està indocumentada.

10aAvifauna10aectoparasites10alice10aMayriphilopterus10aParasitology10aRamphasticolla1 aMinaya, David1 aPríncipe, Fabiola1 aIannacone, José uhttp://amz.museucienciesjournals.cat/volum-19-2021-en/checklist-of-chewing-lice-phthiraptera-amblycera-and-ischnocera-of-the-birds-of-peru/?lang=en02754nam a2200409 4500008004100000020002200041245013800063210006900201260004400270300001400314520148600328653001201814653001401826653001301840653002001853653000901873100002801882700002601910700001901936700001701955700001401972700001501986700001902001700002102020700002402041700001702065700003102082700001702113700001402130700001302144700001702157700001702174700002602191700002802217700003202245856006702277 2020 eng d a978-3-030-61980-000aVectors and Vector Borne Diseases: Morphological and Molecular Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, Population Genetics and Control Strategies0 aVectors and Vector Borne Diseases Morphological and Molecular Di aChambSpringer International Publishing a321 - 3433 a

Vector-borne diseases are transmitted through arthropods and new associations between them and pathogens are continually being described. In the present study, authors briefly address their research areas, reporting multiple collaboration studies and major findings achieved by the CIISA’s Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases team and its partners over the past few years. Starting with Culicoides, their importance as vectors of animal/human diseases, the description of new species and also species modelling as disease surveillance is discussed. Studies on national lice species in wild birds raise awareness to a so far neglected group, evincing known records and new contributions towards a better knowledge. Tick and tick-borne pathogen studies over the years have contributed to a national portrait of species geographic and seasonal distribution and to pathogen endemic associations, describing most common public and veterinary health threats. In this regard, morphology identification strategies are enounced and molecular markers used considered. Due to a reported rise in prevalence, piroplasms impact is particularly focused as a major concern for cattle production industry sector. A national overview concerning Theileria and Babesia prevalence inferences and diagnosis specificities are reviewed. Ultimately, a national Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus vasorum epidemiological update is given while diagnosis and treatment options are debated.

10aControl10aDiagnosis10aPortugal10aRisk-assessment10aVBDs1 aFreitas-Duarte, Antonio1 aLopes-da-Costa, Luís1 aRamilo, D., W.1 aAlho, A., M.1 aGomes, J.1 aSantos, M.1 aSantos, A., S.1 aSantos-Silva, M.1 aAlexandre-Pires, G.1 aMeireles, J.1 aTomás, André, Filipe Ven1 aZúquete, S.1 aAmaro, A.1 aBelo, S.1 aSchnyder, M.1 aDeplazes, P.1 aRebelo, Maria, Teresa1 aMadeira-de-Carvalho, L.1 ada Fonseca, Isabel, Pereira uhttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-61981-7_1803794nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245015500055210006900210260001200279490000700291520281900298653001003117653001303127653002503140653001303165100002903178700002803207700002203235700002503257700001903282700002303301700002003324700002303344700003103367700001503398856009103413 2020 eng d a0103-846X00aExternal and gastrointestinal parasites of the Franklin’s Gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (Charadriiformes: Laridae), in Talcahuano, central Chile0 aExternal and gastrointestinal parasites of the Franklin s Gull i c12-20200 v293 a

Parasitological studies of the Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan, are scarce, and knowledge about its endoparasites is quite limited. In order to describe its parasitic community, a total of 60 Franklin’s gulls were captured in the coastal area in central Chile, using modified Bal-chatri traps. Ectoparasites were collected from all 60 live individuals through inspection of their plumage, while 30 were examined for endoparasites by standard parasitological necropsy. The prevalence of ectoparasites was 78.3%, including the feather mite Zachvatkinia larica (43.3%) and four species of lice: Actornithophilus piceus lari (15.0%), Austromenopon transversum (6.7%), Quadraceps punctatus (10.0%) and Saemundssonia lari (46.7%). Some 25 of 30 (83.3%) of birds necropsied were parasitized with the following helminths: Aporchis sp. (6.7%), Tetrabothrius cylindraceus (56.7%), Cyclophyllidea gen. sp. (3.3%), Profilicollis altmani (56.7%), Eucoleus contortus (10.0%), Cosmocephalus obvelatus (13.3%), Paracuaria adunca (10.0%), Stegophorus sp. (3.3%) and Tetrameres skrjabini (3.3%). To our knowledge, with the exception of P. altmani, these helminths are reported for first time in the Franklin's gull.

Spanish title: Parasitas externos e gastrointestinais da gaivota de Franklin Leucophaeus pipixcan (Charadriiformes: Laridae) em Talcahuano, Chile central

Resumo

Existem escassos estudos de parasitismo em gaivota-de-Franklin Leucophaeus pipixcan, e o conhecimento sobre seus endoparasitas é ainda mais limitado. Com o objetivo de descrever sua comunidade parasitaria, um total de 60 gaivotas-de-Franklin foram capturadas usando-se armadilhas Bal-chatri numa zona costeira do centro do Chile. A pesquisa de ectoparasitas foi realizada em todos os indivíduos capturados e, para os endoparasitas, foram examinados 30 deles por necropsias. A prevalência de ectoparasitas foi de 78,3%, incluíndo o ácaro de pena Zachvatkinia larica (43,3%) e outras quatro espécies de piolhos, Actornithophilus piceus lari (15,0%), Austromenopon transversum (6,7%), Quadraceps punctatus (10,0%) e Saemundssonia lari (46,7%). Das aves necropsiadas, 83,3% estavam parasitadas por helmintos, sendo registrados Aporchis sp. (6,7%), Tetrabothrius cylindraceus (56,7%), Cyclophyllidea gen. sp. (3,3%), Profilicollis altmani (56,7%), Eucoleus contortus (10,0%), Cosmocephalus obvelatus (13,3%), Paracuaria adunca (10,0%), Stegophorus sp. (3,3%) e Tetrameres skrjabini (3,3%). Com exceção de P. altmani, este é o primeiro relato desses helmintos parasitando gaivotas-de-Franklin.

Palavras-chave:  Acari; aves marinhas; helmintos; Phthiraptera; Laridae

10aAcari10ahelminth10aLeucophaeus pipixcan10aseabirds1 aGonzález-Acuña, Daniel1 aVeloso-Frías, Joseline1 aMissene, Cristian1 aOyarzún-Ruiz, Pablo1 aFuentes, Danny1 aKinsella, John, M.1 aMironov, Sergey1 aBarrientos, Carlos1 aCicchino, Armando, Conrado1 aMoreno, L. uhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612020000400324&tlng=en02475nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245015700055210006900212260001200281300001600293490000700309520170100316653002502017653002102042653001802063653001402081653001302095100002102108700002002129700002302149856007302172 2009 eng d a0022-258500aSurveys for Ectoparasites on Wildlife Associated With Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae)-Infested Livestock in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands0 aSurveys for Ectoparasites on Wildlife Associated With iAmblyomma c11-2009 a1483 - 14890 v463 a

Surveys in 2001, 2005, and 2006 attempted to determine the role of wildlife in maintenance and dissemination of the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum (F.) (Acari: Ixodidae), in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Small mammals; birds; white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann); and feral cattle, Bos taurus L., were examined at nine premises, in mountainous rain forest, and in surrounding areas in western St. Croix, an area including and central to all known bont tick-infested premises on the island. Small Asian mongooses, Herpestes javanicus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire), yielded 1,566 ectoparasite specimens, representing five species, and including larvae of a soft tick, Carios puertoricensis (Fox); the tropical horse tick, Anocentor nitens (Neumann); and the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini). Black rats, Rattus rattus L., yielded 144 specimens, representing six ectoparasite species, including C. puertoricensis. Of 25 bird species examined, seven yielded 116 ectoparasite specimens representing at least 14 different species of lice and mites, but no ticks. White-tailed deer and feral cattle yielded only various stages of A. nitens and R. microplus ticks. A. variegatum was not encountered on any potential wildlife host sampled, reflecting its low occurrence in St. Croix during the survey period. One collection of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from a spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularia (L.), and collections of feather mites (Acari: Astigmata: Trouessartiidae) from both bananaquits, Coereba flaveola (L.), and black-faced grassquits, Tiaris bicolor (L.), may represent new, undescribed species.

10aAmblyomma variegatum10aAmyrsidea minuta10aectoparasites10aSt. Croix10awildlife1 aCorn, Joseph, L.1 aBerger, Patrick1 aMertins, James, W. uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article-lookup/doi/10.1603/033.046.063500803nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149300000800218490000600226520036800232110003200600856003700632 1949 eng d a0030-887000aArthropods of Potential Medica land Veterinary Importance from Ponape, Caroline Islands0 aArthropods of Potential Medica land Veterinary Importance from P a2780 v33 a

The list presented in the note is based on a collection made by the  writer  on  the  island of  Ponape during January and  February,1948. (Hurlbut in Jour. Washing t on Acad.Sci.,1949,in press)

1 aUniversity of Hawai'i Press uhttp://hdl.handle.net/10125/893502656nas a2200241 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260001200196300001200208490000800220520194700228653001902175653001502194653001802209653001802227653001102245100002402256700001802280700002302298700002202321700002002343856005102363 2019 eng d00aChewing lice richness and occurrence in non-breeding shorebirds in Paracas, Perú0 aChewing lice richness and occurrence in nonbreeding shorebirds i c12-2019 a190-1990 v1263 a

Chewing lice often appear benign; however, they can also negatively impact their hosts. We know little about seasonal and spatial variation in the exposure, acquisition, or loss of these putative ectoparasites by shorebirds. Here we provide the first description of chewing lice richness and occurrence from seven shorebird species captured in the Paracas National Reserve, Perú. We summarize seasonal patterns of abundance, and test for relationships between parasite numbers and shorebird body condition. We collected 160 ectoparasite specimens of the families Menoponidae and Philopteridae from 108 shorebirds and classified them into four genera and at least nine species. The Philopteridae family showed higher prevalence (62%), richness, and number of host species (seven parasitic species being hosted by seven shorebird species) than the Menoponidae (prevalence = 49%; two parasitic species in five host species). Among species, Actornithophilus umbrinus, found on all four Calidris species, had the highest number of hosts, while A. pediculoides and all the Philopteridae species were only found on a single host. Lunaceps actophilus had the highest prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance of infection, being found on 64% of the Sanderlings Calidris alba. Sanderlings hosted the highest abundance of lice, whilst Semipalmated Sandpipers C. pusilla had the highest richness. In Sanderlings, we found an appar- ent, but not statistically significant, decrease in parasite loads through the non- breeding season. Sanderling body condition varied with capture period, but we found no significant relationship between body condition and total parasites within each time period or in pooled analysis by date. Paracas appears to be a site at which shorebirds maintain or possibly slightly shed the loads of chewing lice rather than acquire them; these low parasite loads do not appear to negatively affect body condition.

10aBody condition10aCalidridae10aectoparasites10aSouth America10aWaders1 aTavera, Eveling, A.1 aMinaya, David1 aOrtiz_Lopez, Enver1 aIannacone, José1 aLank, David, B. uhttps://www.waderstudygroup.org/article/13045/00337nas a2200121 4500008004100000245003300041210003100074260001200105300001400117490000800131100002500139856005100164 2019 eng d00aLice, shorebird hitch-hikers0 aLice shorebird hitchhikers c12-2019 a169–1710 v1261 aBuehler, Deborah, M. uhttps://www.waderstudygroup.org/article/13213/01228nas a2200217 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134260001200203300001400215490000800229520058000237653001400817653001700831653001800848100002600866700001500892700001700907700001800924700001700942856005100959 2019 eng d00aChewing lice (Phthiraptera) of the Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus in China0 aChewing lice Phthiraptera of the Greyheaded Lapwing iVanellus ci c12-2019 a217 - 2270 v1263 a

Two species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) were collected from seven Grey- headed Lapwings Vanellus cinereus (Blyth, 1842), caught in Jinshanyakou, Yunnan Province, China. They are Actornithophilus hoplopteri (Mjöberg, 1910a) and Quadra- ceps sinensis Timmermann, 1954a. Both species represent new records for China and V. cinereus represents a new host record for A. hoplopteri. As neither species has previously been adequately described, we here present illustrations and descriptions of both species, as well as short notes on the microhabitat of both species.

10anew hosts10anew location10aredescription1 aGustafsson, Daniel, R1 aLei, Lujia1 aChu, Xingzhi1 aZhao, Xuebing1 aZou, Fasheng uhttps://www.waderstudygroup.org/article/13056/01337nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260000900210300001200219490000700231520079000238100002901028700001801057700003101075856007301106 2008 eng d00aParasites of Venellus chilensis chilensis (Aves, Charadriidae) in Chillán, south-central Chile0 aParasites of Venellus chilensis chilensis Aves Charadriidae in C c2008 a36 - 480 v143 a

We investigated the parasite fauna of Southern Lapwings (Vanellus chilensis chilensis) from the Ñuble Province, Chile, between March 2004 and March 2006. We analized a total of 36 samples from animals dead from different causes. Among them, 86.1 % of lapwingswere positive to lice Phthiraptera (72.2 % had Actornithophilus gracilis, 63.9 % had Quadraceps guimaraesi and 25 % had Austromenopon aegialitidis). Regarding the populations of Phthiraptera, A. gracilis represented the 40.6 % of the total, Q. guimaraesi the 35 % and aegialitidis the 24.3 %. Regarding helminths, 2.8 % of the birds were positive with the nematode Dispharynx nasuta, 5.6 % were positive with the acanthocephalan Plagiorhynchus sp.; the cestode Infula sp. was identified in 38.9 % of the birds.

1 aGonzález-Acuña, Daniel1 aOlmedo, Paulo1 aCicchino, Armando, Conrado uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47562.pdf01558nas a2200145 4500008004100000245017600041210006900217260000900286300001400295490000700309520098100316100001801297700002401315856007301339 2008 eng d00aMetazoan Parasites of Lesser Yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes (Charadriiformes) From Southwestern United States and Alaska with a Checklist of Parasites Reported From This Host0 aMetazoan Parasites of Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Charadri c2008 a548 - 5510 v943 a

In total, 30 lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes (Charadriiformes), 24 from southwestern United States and 6 from Alaska, were examined for metazoan parasites. Ten species of helminths (4 cestodes, 4 trematodes, and 2 nematodes), and 5 species of ectoparasites were collected. Cestodes were the most prevalent and abundant taxon. The dominant cestode was an undescribed species of Choanotaenia. The cestode Kowalewskiella totani was the only helminth recovered from Alaskan hosts, and it was also present in birds from the southwest. It appears to be a specialist in lesser yellowlegs. The mallophagans Quadraceps falcigerus and Actornithophilus totani and the nasal mite Colinoptes cubanensis were common to birds from both geographic regions. Characteristics of the helminth community from the southwest and ectoparasite communities of this region and Alaska were low mean species richness, low mean abundance, medium diversity, and uneven distribution of parasites.

1 aEnz, John, J.1 aCanaris, Albert, G. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47342.pdf01485nas a2200217 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260000900205300001400214490000700228520075800235100002900993700002201022700002301044700003301067700002301100700002101123700001901144700003101163856007301194 2006 eng d00aLice (Phthiraptera: Hexapoda) from marine birds belonging to the family Laridae from Chile0 aLice Phthiraptera Hexapoda from marine birds belonging to the fa c2006 a188 - 1910 v613 a

Six species of lice (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae, Menoponidae) were collected from four marine bird species belonging to the family Laridae from the Chilean coast. Saemundssonia sternae (Linnaeus, 1758) and Quadraceps sellatus (Burmeister, 1838) collected from the boreal sea gull (Sterna hirundo, Linnaeus,1758), Saemundssonia lari (O. fabricius, 1780), Quadraceps punctatus (Burmeister, 1838) and Q. ornatus (Grube, 1851) found on the Dominican sea gull (Larus dominicanus, Lichtenstein, 1832); Q. punctatus collected from garuma sea gull (L. modestus Tschudi, 1843) and S. lari and Actornithophilus piceus lari (Packard,1870) found on Franklin sea gull (L. pipixcan Wagler,1831). All these species of Phthiraptera are first reports in Chile.

1 aGonzález-Acuña, Daniel1 aFischer, Christof1 aPalma, Ricardo, L.1 aMoreno-Salas, Lucila, del C.1 aBarrientos, Carlos1 aMuñoz, Lisandro1 aArdiles, Karen1 aCicchino, Armando, Conrado uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46809.pdf01764nas a2200325 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260000900248300001400257490000700271520071000278653001200988653000901000653001801009653001201027653001701039653001401056653005901070653001501129653005901144653002801203653001501231653001201246653002301258653005901281653001401340100001901354700002401373856004101397 1993 eng d00aThe metazoan parasite community of migrating greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca, from the Rio Grande Valley, Texas and New Mexico0 ametazoan parasite community of migrating greater yellowlegs Trin c1993 a690 - 6940 v793 a

Forty-eight migrant greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca, collected from southwestern Texas and southeastern New Mexico were examined for metazoan parasites. Nine helminth and 7 ectoparasite species were collected. Five new host records were recorded. The helminth fauna showed little diversity, little concentration for dominance, and no significant positive or negative associations between species were found. All species of helminths showed a contagious distribution. The component helminth community consisted of 2 core, 3 secondary, and 4 satellite species, and there was no host specialist. A checklist of metazoan parasites reported from greater yellowlegs in North America is included.

10aanimals10abird10abird diseases10aCestoda10aectoparasite10aHelminths10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary10aMallophaga10aMite Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary10aNew Mexico/epidemiology10aPrevalence10aSeasons10aTexas/epidemiology10aTick Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary10aTrematoda1 aSecord, M., L.1 aCanaris, Albert, G. uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/328360601131nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260000900211300001400220490000700234520061300241653004800854100001600902700001600918856003900934 1994 eng d00aSu una collezione di mallofagi dei caradriformi: 8 taxa nuovi per l'Italia e review delle specie0 aSu una collezione di mallofagi dei caradriformi 8 taxa nuovi per c1994 a125 - 1340 v183 a

Da 41 esemplari di uccelli appartenenti a 22 specie di Caradriformi, di cui 19 osservate in Italia e 3 in Somalia, sono stati raccolti 99 esemplari di Mallophaga riconducibili a 23 specie (5 Amblycera, 18 Ischnocera), di cui almeno 8 risultano essere nuove per la fauna d’Italia: Actornithophilus pustulosus (Piaget 1880), A. tafani (Schrank 1803), A. umbrinus (Burmeister 1838), Carduiceps meinertzhageni Timmermann 1954, Cummingsiella ovalis (Scopoli 1763), Koeniginirmus eugrammicus (Burmeister 1838), Quadraceps fissus (Burrneister 1838), Q. similis (Giebel 1866).

Paper in Italian

10aKoeniginirmus eugrammicus (Burmeister 1838)1 aManilla, G.1 aBacetti, N. uhttp://www.avocetta.org/read/?vll/00455nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005500041210005500096260000900151300001400160490000800174653002000182653001100202100002100213700002200234856004100256 1994 eng d00aPhthiraptera infestation of five shorebird species0 aPhthiraptera infestation of five shorebird species c1994 a400 - 4030 v10610aCharadriiformes10aSurvey1 aHunter, John, E.1 aColwell, Mark, A. uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/416343101738nas a2200181 4500008004100000245006100041210005900102260000900161300001100170490000700181520120800188653000901396653000801405100002601413700002401439700002001463856007301483 1999 eng d00aA preliminary study on Mallophaga in South African birds0 apreliminary study on Mallophaga in South African birds c1999 a9 - 210 v683 a

Ciconiphilus decimfasciatus minor (Piag.) from Bubulcus ibis is recognized a valid subspecies. Pseudocolopocephalum doriabagla Ansari from Oriental Bubulcus ibis coromandus is regarded now as a junior synonym (syn. n.) of C. d. minor (Piag.). Austromenopon aegialitidis (Durr.) is recorded for the first time from the Afrotropical Region and from Stephanibyx coronatus. Actornithophilus hoplopteri (Mjöb.) and Cypseloecus excisus are recorded for the first time from Anitibyx armatus and Hirundo spilodera, respectively. An unknown louse of the subfamily Brueeliinae was collected from Spreo bicolor. Occurrence of the following lice species in the Afrotropical Region has been confirmed: Dennyus conarxi Bütt. from Tachymarptis melba, Colimenopon sp. from Urocolius indicus, Plegadiphilus threskiornis Bedl. from Threskiornis aethiopicus, Actornithophilus crinitus Clay from Stephanibyx coronatus, Saemundssonia africana Timm. from S. coronatus, Quadraceps kilimandjarensis (Kell.) from S. coronatus, Q. chorleyi Timm. from Antibyx armatus, Q. princeps Timm. from Rhinoptils aftricanus hartingi and Oedicnemiceps sp. from Burhinus capensis. Biometric data of parasites are presented.

10amtax10aPHP1 aZłotorzycka, Jadwiga1 aModrzejewska, Maria1 aKopij, Grzegorz uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/37852.pdf00708nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119260000900188300001400197490000800211520018100219653000900400653000800409100002100417700002100438856007900459 1969 eng d00aA new species of Actornithophilus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) from the knot0 anew species of Actornithophilus Mallophaga Menoponidae from the  c1969 a997 - 9990 v1013 a

The new species Actornithophilus cauti is described and illustrated from specimens within the quills of primary flight feathers of a knot, Calidris canutus (Linnaeus).

10amtax10aPHP1 aPrice, Roger, D.1 aLeibovitz, Louis uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/1006.pdf00371nas a2200121 4500008004100000245004300041210004300084260000900127300001400136490000800150100001900158856007200177 1982 eng d00aMallophaga on the eggs of wading birds0 aMallophaga on the eggs of wading birds c1982 a183 - 1860 v1241 aRankin, G., D. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0838.pdf00492nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009500041210007000136260000900206300001200215490000600227653000900233653000800242100002400250856007200274 1965 eng d00aDie Federlingsfauna der Sturmvögel und die Phylogenese des procellariiformen vogelstammes0 aDie Federlingsfauna der Sturmvögel und die Phylogenese des proce c1965 a1 - 2490 v810amtax10aPHP1 aTimmermann, Günter uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0732.pdf00782nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005900041210005200100260000900152300001100161490000600172520031600178653001300494100001800507700002700525856007200552 1960 eng d00aThe early literature on Mallophaga. Part IV, 1787-18180 aearly literature on Mallophaga Part IV 17871818 c1960 a1 - 610 v93 a

This, the fourth and final part of the series of papers reviewing the species of Mallophaga described between 1758 and 1818, deals with publications by J. C. Fabricius (1787, 1794, 1798, 1805); G. W. F. Panzer (1798); F. V. P. Schrank (1802, 1803); J. Fr. M. von Olfers (1816) and C. L. Nitzsch (1818).

10aLanguage1 aClay, Theresa1 aHopkins, George, H. E. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0685.pdf00625nas a2200145 4500008004100000245021900041210007000260260000900330300001400339490000600353653000900359653000800368100002400376856007900400 1955 eng d00aStudien über Mallphagen aus den sammlungen des Britischen Museums (Nat. Hist.), London, 3. Mitteilung. Beschreibungen neuer und unzulanglich bekannter, zumeist bei Regenpfeifervogeln schmarotzender Federlingsarten0 aStudien über Mallphagen aus den sammlungen des Britischen Museum c1955 a513 - 5340 v810amtax10aPHP1 aTimmermann, Günter uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0626.pdf00554nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014800041210007000189260000900259300001400268490000600282653000900288653000800297100002400305856007900329 1954 eng d00aStudien über Mallophagen aus den sammlungen des Britischen Museums (Nat. Hist.), London. II. Das Amblycerengenus Actornithophilus Ferris, 19160 aStudien über Mallophagen aus den sammlungen des Britischen Museu c1954 a829 - 8410 v710amtax10aPHP1 aTimmermann, Günter uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0625.pdf00464nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260000900218300001200227490000600239100002500245856007200270 1938 eng d00aA brief survey of the species of Mallophaga described from (3) Procellariiformes and (4) Pelecaniformes0 abrief survey of the species of Mallophaga described from 3 Proce c1938 a23 - 250 v11 aThompson, Gordon, B. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0593.pdf00423nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260000900182300001400191490000600205100001800211856007200229 1953 eng d00aSystematic notes on the Piaget collections of Mallophaga. - Part IV0 aSystematic notes on the Piaget collections of Mallophaga Part IV c1953 a641 - 6570 v61 aClay, Theresa uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0551.pdf00394nam a2200121 4500008004100000245002700041210002500068260006900093300000800162490000700170100002100177856007400198 1980 eng d00aPhthiraptera (Insecta)0 aPhthiraptera Insecta aJohannesburgbSouth African Institute for Medical Researchc1980 a3270 vIV1 aLedger, John, A. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0521-2.pdf00403nas a2200145 4500008004100000245003400041210003400075260000900109300001400118490000700132653000900139653000800148100002200156856007900178 1953 eng d00aNew North American Mallophaga0 aNew North American Mallophaga c1953 a132 - 1360 v2610amtax10aPHP1 aEmerson, Kary, C. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0347.pdf00463nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006200041210005600103260000900159300001100168490000800179653000900187653000800196100003400204856007900238 1949 eng d00aOn a collection of Mallophaga from Guam, Marianas Islands0 acollection of Mallophaga from Guam Marianas Islands c1949 a1 - 240 v10010amtax10aPHP1 aCarriker, Melbourne Armstrong uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0330.pdf02108nas a2200217 4500008004100000245017400041210006900215260000900284300001200293490000700305520138000312653001401692653000901706653001501715653001801730653001301748653002001761653001101781100002501792856007301817 1993 eng d00aLice (Amblycera and Ischnocera) as vectors of Eulimdana spp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Charadriform birds and the necessity of short reproductive periods in adult worms0 aLice Amblycera and Ischnocera as vectors of Eulimdana spp Nemato c1993 a85 - 910 v793 a

Lice transmit species of Eulimdana. Larvae of Eulimdana wongae are described from Austromenopon limosae and Actornithophilus limosae (Amblycera) and Carduiceps clayae (Ischnocera) collected on a marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa). Larvae of Eulimdana bainae are described from Austromenopon phaeopodis (Amblycera) and Lunaceps numenii phaeopi (Ischnocera) from a whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus). Adults of species of Eulimdana in charadriiform birds and Pelecitus fulicaeatrae in coots produce microfilariae for a short period only and then die and are resorbed (species of Eulimdana), a phenomenon called ephemerality, or become reproductively senescent but remain alive (P. fulicaeatrae). Microfilariae inhabit the skin and presumably survive for a prolonged period. The short period of production of microfilariae may be related to the fact that transmission is by permanent ectoparasites (lice) constantly exposed to microfilariae in the skin and the dangers of lice acquiring lethal numbers of microfilariae. Ephemerality may have evolved in species in which adults occupy sites where, when they die, they are harmlessly resorbed (e.g., species of Eulimdana in the neck). Reproductive senescence may have evolved in species that occupy sites where, if they were to die, they might provoke a life threatening inflammation (e.g., P. fulicaeatrae near joints in the legs).

10aAmblycera10aaves10aIschnocera10amicrofilariae10aNematoda10askin inhabiting10avector1 aBartlett, Cheryl, M. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/37077.pdf00474nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260000900222300001400231490000700245100002100252856007900273 1922 eng d00aObservations on the life history of a liotheid (Mallophaga parasitic on the curlew (Numenius arquata Linn.)0 aObservations on the life history of a liotheid Mallophaga parasi c1922 a243 - 2470 v581 aWaterston, James uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0194.pdf