01866nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260001200226300001400238490000700252520123700259100002801496700002801524700002501552700002501577700001801602856005201620       2008                        eng d  a0022-339500aPatterns of Parasite Abundance and Distribution in Island Populations of Galápagos Endemic Birds0 aPatterns of Parasite Abundance and Distribution in Island Popula  c06-2008  a584 - 5900 v943 a<p>Parasite life-history characteristics, the environment, and host defenses determine variation in parasite population parameters across space and time. Parasite abundance and distribution have received little attention despite their pervasive effects on host populations and community dynamics. We used analyses of variance to estimate the variability of intensity, prevalence, and abundance of 4 species of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) infecting Gala ́pagos doves and Gala ́pagos hawks and 1 haemosporidian parasite (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) infecting the doves across island populations throughout their entire geographic ranges. Population parameters of parasites with direct life cycles varied less within than among parasite species, and intensity and abundance did not differ significantly across islands. Prevalence explained a proportion of the variance (34%), similar to infection intensity (33%) and parasite abundance (37%). We detected a strong parasite species-by-island interaction, suggesting that parasite population dynamics is independent among islands. Prevalence (up to 100%) and infection intensity (parasitemias up to 12.7%) of Haemoproteus sp. parasites varied little across island populations.</p>
1 aSantiago-Alarcon, Diego1 aWhiteman, Noah, Kerness1 aParker, Patricia, G.1 aRicklefs, Robert, E.1 aValkiunas, G.  uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1645/GE-1351.102438nas a2200301   4500008004100000245014500041210006900186260000900255300001600264490000700280520142300287653001201710653001801722653001901740653001201759653001401771653001801785653003301803653002801836653001401864653003701878653004501915100002801960700002801988700002302016700002502039856007202064       2004                        eng d00aDifferences in straggling rates between genera of dove lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) reinforce population genetic and cophylogenetic patterns0 aDifferences in straggling rates between genera of dove lice Inse  c2004  a1113 - 11190 v343 a<p>Differences in dispersal abilities have been implicated for causing disparate evolutionary patterns between Columbicola and Physconelloides lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). However, no study has documented straggling (when lice are found on atypical hosts) rates within these lineages. We used the fact that the Galapagos Hawk, Buteo galapagoensis (Gould) (Falconiformes) feeds on the Galapagos Dove Zenaida galapagoensis Gould (Columbiformes) within an ecologically simplified setting. The Galapagos Dove is the only typical host of Columbicola macrourae (Wilson) and Physconelloides galapagensis (Kellogg and Huwana) in Galapagos. We quantitatively sampled and found these lice on both bird species. A DNA barcoding approach confirmed that stragglers were derived from Galapagos doves. We also collected a Bovicola sp. louse, likely originating from a goat (Capra hircus). On hawks, C. macrourae was significantly more prevalent than P. galapagensis. On doves, the two lice were equally prevalent and abundant. Differences in prevalence on hawks was a function of differences in straggling rate between lice, and not a reflection of their relative representation within the dove population. This provides further evidence that differences in dispersal abilities may drive differences in the degree of cospeciation in Columbicola and Phyconelloides lice, which have become model systems in evolutionary biology.</p>
10aanimals10aBase Sequence10aBird parasites10aEcuador10aEvolution10ahost parasite10aLice/classification/genetics10aMolecular Sequence Data10aPhylogeny10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.1 aWhiteman, Noah, Kerness1 aSantiago-Alarcon, Diego1 aJohnson, Kevin, P.1 aParker, Patricia, G.  uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/5618.pdf