02670nas a2200325 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001200214490000700226520162300233653001701856653001001873653002501883653002901908653001201937653001001949653002201959653002701981100002902008700002102037700002302058700003302081700002802114700002502142700002802167700003102195700002102226700002602247856007102273 2021 eng d00aIdentification of parasitic arthropods collected from domestic and wild animals in Yucatan, Mexico.0 aIdentification of parasitic arthropods collected from domestic a a647-6580 v673 a

The morphological characterization of ectoparasites from domestic and wild animals is crucial to distinguish those that may be involved in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens. The objectives of this work were to identify parasitic arthropods collected from several hosts in Yucatan State, Mexico and to determine the prevalence of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in sylvatic specimens of Triatoma dimidiata. Morphological traits and scanning electron microscopy were used to confirm some parasitic identities. In total, 834 parasitic arthropods of various taxa were identified. Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Amblyomma parvum, Dermacentor variabilis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus were identified from dogs, horses, sheep, and deer. The flea Ctenocephalides felis was identified from dogs and the human flea, Pulex irritans was found on horses and sheep. The Neotropical deer ked Lipoptena mazamae was identified from brown brocket deer Mazama pandora. The chewing lice Chelopistes meleagridis, Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Myrsidea sp. and Lipeurus caponis were identified from poultry (Meleagris gallopavo and Gallus gallus). Other chewing lice, Tyranniphilopterus sp., Columbicola columbae, and Physconelloides eurysema were identified from wild birds Pachyramphus aglaiae, Patagioenas flavirostris and Zenaida asiatica, respectively. Trypanosoma cruzi was present in 52.5% of sylvatic adult T. dimidiata. Several of these findings represent new records of ectoparasites for Yucatan and new distribution areas in Mexico. The implications for human and animal health are discussed.

10aChewing lice10afleas10aNeotropical deer ked10aPatagioenas flavirostris10apoultry10aticks10aTrypanosoma cruzi10aTyranniphilopterus sp.1 aGarcia-Rejon, Julian, E.1 aTzuc-Dzul, Julio1 aCetina-Trejo, Rosa1 aMadera-Navarrete, Miguel, I.1 aCigarroa-Toledo, Nohemi1 aChan-Perez, Jose, I.1 aOrtega-Pacheco, Antonio1 aTorres-Chable, Oswaldo, M.1 aPietri, Jose, E.1 aBaak-Baak, Carlos, M. uhttps://annals-parasitology.eu/archive_2001_2022/2021-67-4_647.pdf01555nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245020400055210006900259260001600328300001200344490000700356520073100363653001401094653002001108653001301128653001801141653001001159653001601169100002001185700001501205700002401220856006901244 2023 eng d a2304-247800aRedescription of Lipeurus tropicalis Peters, 1931 (Phthiraptera: Ichnocera: Philopteridae) from Hyderabad district, Sindh, Pakistan with reference to its Morpho-taxonomical and genital studies0 aRedescription of iLipeurus tropicalisi Peters 1931 Phthiraptera  cMar-10-2023 a560-5660 v123 a

The dark pigmented large size common wing louse Lipeurus tropicalis Peters, 1931(Phthiraptera: Ichnocera: Philopteridae) was recorded new hosts and new locality records from Hyderabad district, Sindh, Pakista. The specimens were collected from Meleagris gallopavo (Linnaeus, 1758) Turkey fowland Pavo cristatus Linnaeus1758.Pea fowl (Galliformes: Phasianidae) from urban and rural area of Hyderabad Sindh Pakistan. The species redescribed Morpho-taxonomically with special reference to its chaetotaxy and genitalia of both male and female sexes. The purpose of the present study is to compile the checklist of galliform chewing lice fauna and identify maximum number of species from Hyderabad, Sindh, region Pakistan.

10aHyderabad10amorpho-taxonomy10aPea fowl10aredescription10aSindh10aTurkey fowl1 aShaikh, Farheen1 aNaz, Saima1 aBirmani, Nadir, Ali uhttps://www.thepab.org/files/2023/March-2023/PAB-MS-2210-093.pdf02194nas a2200181 4500008004100000245018500041210006900226260001300295300001000308490000700318520134400325653001001669653001401679100002001693700001501713700002401728856026001752 2021 eng d00aRECORDS OF CHEWING LICE (PHTHIRAPTERA: INSECTA) OF FOWLS (GALLIFORMES: PHASIANIDAE) OF FAMILY MENOPONIDAE (AMBLYCERA) AND PHILOPTERIDAE (ISCHNOCERA) FROM HYDERABAD, SINDH, PAKISTAN0 aRECORDS OF CHEWING LICE PHTHIRAPTERA INSECTA OF FOWLS GALLIFORME cDec 2021 a29-320 v723 a

The chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) are the communal parasitic insects of different types of avian fauna of family Phasianidae (Galliformes) and are wide spread on gallinacious birds. They are the ectparasites of both domestic and wild birds. The order Phthiraptera has been divided mainly into two groups according to their feeding habits, the chewing lice (Mallophaga) and the sucking lice (Anoplura). Chewing lice with their huge head and mandibles include the major group with more than 3000 species. The chewing lice order (Phthiraptera: Insecta) cover of three suborders, Amblycera, Ischnocera and Rhynchophthirina. This captivating group of parasitic insects has rich veterinary importance. During present investigation 150 birds of large sized fowls belonging to family hasianidae were observed for the collection and identification of chewing lice population, amongst which 121 birds were infested with chewing lice. These birds included Pavo cristatus L. (Peafowls), Meleagris gallopavo L. (Turkey fowls), Numida melagris L. (Guinea fowls) and different breeds of Gallus gallus L. (Domestic fowls). Presently 09 species were reported during the year of 2014-2017 from
Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 1264 specimens of parasites were collected and classified into 07 genera during the reporting period

10aFowls10aHyderabad1 aShaikh, Farheen1 aNaz, Saima1 aBirmani, Nadir, Ali uhttps://pjparasitol.com/PJPpapers/72/RECORDS%20OF%20CHEWING%20LICE%20(PHTHIRAPTERA%20INSECTA)%20OF%20FOWLS%20(GALLIFORMES%20PHASIANIDAE)%20OF%20FAMILY%20MENOPONIDAE%20(AMBLYCERA)%20AND%20PHILOPTERIDAE%20(ISCHNOCERA)%20FROM%20HYDERABAD,%20SINDH,%20PAKISTAN02773nas a2200205 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001400242300001000256490000700266520197600273653001002249653001802259653001402277653001602291100002002307700001502327700002402342856020102366 2021 eng d00aInfestation of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Insecta) on turkey fowl (Aves: Galliformes) from District Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan0 aInfestation of chewing lice Phthiraptera Insecta on turkey fowl  cJune 2021 a27-350 v713 a

The chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Insecta) dorsoventrally flattened wingless parasitic insects of avian fauna. The lice have strong mandibles for biting tissue debris and body feathers of their hosts, causes parasitism and have high capability to develop host specificity. They have acute to chronic effects on their host’s fitness responsively. Their purpose is numerous illnesses and play significant role as vector of various types of helminths and bacteria. Presently, only one type of galliform bird, Turkey fowl Meleagris gallopavo was selected for examining the abundance, intensity, Population density and rate of infestation of chewing lice of various localities of district Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan. 08 Turkey fowls Meleagris gallopavo were selected for collection of chewing lice species. The study was directed from November 2015 to September 2016. Turkey fowls were kept on white paper sheet for about 30 minutes and were gently sprayed with coopex powder (Permathrin powder) on their wings. Birds infected were tagged with identity  rings to check their lice infestation after interval of 2 to 3 weeks. The chewing lice species were collected and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. Permanent microscopic slides were prepared with the help of Canada balsam following standard method of mounting. In the present study total 132 chewing lice were obtained from infested host which belonging to 04 genera of 02 families. These five  species and their prevalence are 15.90% for Chelopistes meleagridis (Linn., 1758); 23.88% for Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842, and 29.54% for Lipeurus tropicalis Peters, 1931 belonging to family Philopteridae 9.70% Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912) and 20.45% for Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) belonging to family Menoponidae. All these five species are being reported for the first time from Turkey of district Hyderabad, Sindh. All chewing lice species were studied and described systematica

10abirds10aectoparasites10aHyderabad10aTurkey fowl1 aShaikh, Farheen1 aNaz, Saima1 aBirmani, Nadir, Ali uhttps://pjparasitol.com/PJPpapers/71/INFESTATION%20OF%20CHEWING%20LICE%20(PHTHIRAPTERA%20INSECTA)%20ON%20TURKEY%20FOWL%20(AVES%20GALLIFORMES)%20FROM%20DISTRICT%20HYDERABAD,%20SINDH,%20PAKISTAN.pdf04326nas a2200157 4500008004100000245017900041210007100220260008500291300001000376490002100386520366000407653001404067653001704081100003704098856003304135 2000 eng d00aAnálisis de las comunidades parasitarias y su relación con la condición física del guajolote silvestre (Meleagris gallopavo) de la Sierra del Burro, Coah., México0 aAnálisis de las comunidades parasitarias y su relación con la co aSan Nicolás de los Garza, MexicobUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leónc02-2020 a98 pp0 v Maestría (MSc)3 a

El guajolote silvestre tiene importancia económica y alimenticia. En México se han llevado a cabo estudios ecológicos, pero no hay antecedentes sobre los parásitos que los afectan, ni del papel que estos juegan en el estado de salud del hospedador. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron determinar las especies de parásitos, evaluar el estado físico de los hospederos y determinar su grado de asociación con la distribución, abundancia y patogenia de los parásitos. Se obtuvieron trece ejemplares donados por cazadores durante la temporada cinegética 1998, en el Mpio. de Zaragoza, Coah. En campo se registraron peso y medidas, se colectaron y fijaron los ectoparáshos, se evaluó el estado de carnes y la grasa corporal. En el laboratorio se colectaron y fijaron los endoparásitos, se colorearon y montaron con las técnicas de rutina. Se reporta la determinación de los siguientes grupos parasitarios: Orden Echinostomida (Clase Tremátoda), Orden Cyclophillydea (Clase Céstoda), Órdenes Ascarididea y Spiruridea (Clase Nemátoda), Órdenes Ptirapthera y Siphonáptera (Clase Insecta), Órdenes Sarcoptiformes y Parasitiformes (Clase Arachnida). Ningún guajolote presentó lesiones macroscópicas. Al analizar la dependencia entre la condición física con el grado de parasitosis mediante tablas de contingencia de X¡i2 sólo se encontró una dependencia
significativa («< .05) entre el Orden Ascarididea y el largo del testículo izquierdo (r = 0.29) , y una dependencia altamente significativa (oc< .01) entre el Orden Phthiráptera y el largo del tarso (r - 0.5). Los reportes taxonómicos de los parásitos de nuevo registro en Meleagris gallopavo para México, son: Familia Echinostomatidae Poche, 1926 (Tremátoda); Ascaridia dissimilis Pérez Vigueras, 1931 (Secementea: Ascarídae); Cyrnea colini Cram, 1927 (Secementea: Spiruridae); Oxispirura sp, Drasche in Stoss, 1897 (Secementea: Thelaziidae); Megrtínia sp. Megnin, 1916 (Acarída: Analgidae); Fam. Dermoglyphidae Megnin y Trouessart, 1983 (Acarída); Chelopistes meleagridis Linnaeus, 1758 (Hexápoda: Philopteridae); Cuclotogaster heíerograhus Nitzcsh, 1886 (Hexápoda: Philopteridae); Lipeurus caponis Linnaeus, 1758 (Hexápoda: Philopteridae); Menacanthus stramineus Nitzcsh, 1818 (Hexápoda: Menoponidae). Se pudo deducir algunos componentes de su dieta en la zona de estudio a partir del ciclo biológico del parásito. Todos los guajolotes fueron considerados clínicamente sanos. La
parasitosis no se relacionó con mala nutrición del hospedador. La distribución espacial de todos los Ordenes de parásitos fue de tipo agregada; con excepción de los Ordenes Ixódida y Siphonáptera que fue distribución al azar. El Orden Phthiráptera fue el más abundante de todos los grupos parasitarios. El Orden Ascarida fue el más abundante de los helmintos. Se citan las regiones corporales del hospedador más recomendadas para estudios en campo de presencia, riqueza específica y diversidad parasitaria. Derivado del análisis de amplitud y traslape de nicho entre las comunidades de helmintos se observó "segregación" y entre las de artrópodos se aprecio una relación tipo "coexistencia*'.

10aparasites10aWild turkeys1 aSalas-Westphal, Armorita, Ivonne uhttp://eprints.uanl.mx/6756/02708nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245013900054210006900193260001200262300001400274490000700288520185900295653001702154653000902171653001102180653001502191100001902206700002102225700002002246700003202266700003502298700003202333700001602365856006102381 2020 eng d a0972898800aLice infestation and diversity in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia0 aLice infestation and diversity in turkeys iMeleagris gallopavoi  c01-2020 a782 - 7880 v133 a

Background and Aim: Biting lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) are ectoparasites that play important roles in the transmission of disease agents that infect turkeys and impact turkey productivity. This study aimed to determine the diversity of lice that infest turkeys in the Central Java Province and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: Lice sampling was conducted at 16 different locations from April 2019 to June 2019 in turkeys aged 4 months to 2 years. The samples were stored in 70% alcohol and were identified using avian louse keys. The morphology of the specimens was macroscopically and microscopically evaluated, and the resulting data were descriptively and qualitatively analyzed.

Results: A total of 2505 lice were collected, and two families and five genera of lice were identified. Three lice genus members of the Philopteridae family (Lipeurus, Oxylipeurus, and Chelopistes) and two genera of the Menoponidae family (Colpocephalum and Menacanthus) were identified. Lipeurus was the most frequently identified genera in turkeys, whereas Menacanthus was the most rarely identified one. The White Holland breed had the highest number of lice infestations, whereas the Jersey Buff breed exhibited the highest diversity of lice genera. The average number of lice infestations was higher in male turkeys than in female turkeys.

Conclusion: The occurrence of ectoparasites in domestic turkeys indicates that the existence and diversity of lice genera in the study location can be influenced by turkey type, turkey maintenance system, enclosure sanitation measures, lack of strategic ectoparasite control, and environmental factors.

10acentral java10alice10aTurkey10aYogyakarta1 aPrastowo, Joko1 aPriyowidodo, Dwi1 aNurcahyo, Wisnu1 aChusnaifah, Defriana, Lutfi1 aWusahaningtyas, Lu'lu', Sahara1 aFirdausy, Lintang, Winantya1 aSahara, Ana uhttp://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/April-2020/25.html03180nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137300001000206490000600216520247300222653001802695653001802713653003402731653001202765100002402777700001802801700003902819700001702858856009902875 2017 eng d00aParasites prevalence in poultry: focusing on free range turkeys (Meleagris gallopav)0 aParasites prevalence in poultry focusing on free range turkeys i a1 - 90 v83 a

In  most  countries,  poultry  are  reared  by  traditional  farmers  due  to  the  relative  minimum  capital  needed  to  start  off,  availability  of  feed  and  the  fast  period  of  the  birds  to  grow.  This  research  was  conducted  on  turkeys  which  aims  to  study  the  abundance  and  prevalence  of  ectoparasites  from  three  localities  around  Kedah,  Malaysia.  A  total of 20 turkeys (eight males and twelve females) were examined for ectoparasites infestation  and  endoparasites  infection.  Six species of ectoparasites: five lice and a  mite  have  been  discovered.  The  most  prevalent  ectoparasite  was  Menopon gallinae  with  occurrence  of  45%.  Other  external  parasites  recorded  include  Lipeurus caponis and Megninia cubitaliswith  occurrence  of  40%,  Menacanthus pallidulus  (35%),  Goniocotes  gallinae(30%) and Chelopistes meleagridis (20%). There was a significant difference between the  ectoparasite  abundance  in  Jabatan  Perkhidmatan  Veterinar  and  Alor  Belat  Barat  [ANOVA,  F(2,17)=6.33,  p=0.009]. These  lice  commonly  found  in  the  fluff  of  the  feathers,  especially  at  the  neck,  abdomen, and wings. Lipeurus caponis was found to have the highest infestation in all male and female turkeys and Menacanthus pallidulus was noted as the less common ectoparasite  infesting  both  the  male  and  female turkeys. Endoparasite infection was recorded in two species of parasite eggs of nematodes and protozoa. Oocyst of Eimeriaspp. recorded the highest faecal egg count with  7300  epg  compared  to  Capillariaspp. with only 1200 epg. Scavenging and pecking behaviour of turkeys in barn area with unsuitable farm housing environment were the major contributing factors to the infestation  of  ectoparasites  as  well  as  endoparasites infection

10aectoparasites10aEndoparasites10anorthern peninsular Malaysia.10aturkeys1 aMohammad_Zarith, Z.1 aSuhaila, A.H.1 aNik_Him, Nik_Ahmad_Irwan_Izzauddin1 aKhadijah, S. uhttp://www.dvs.gov.my/dvs/resources/user_15/MJVR%20Volume%208%20No.1%202017/MJVR-V8N1-p1-9.pdf02973nas a2200193 4500008004100000245014400041210007000185300001500255490000700270520225500277653001002532653002602542653000902568100001502577700002102592700002102613700001802634856012702652 2013 eng d00aEctoparásitos de aves en explotaciones de traspatio (Gallus gallus domesticus, y Meleagris gallopavo) de una región del sur de México0 aEctoparásitos de aves en explotaciones de traspatio Gallus gall a1845 - 1890 v723 a

Paper in Spanish:

RESUMEN: Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de ectoparásitos en aves de corral de Macuilxóchitl, Oa- xaca, México. Se muestrearon 51 aves, incluyendo pollos (Gallus gallus domesticus) y pavos (Meleagris gallopavo). Los ectopárasitos se colectaron con un algodón impregnado de alcohol-eter. Todas las aves resultaron positivas a algún ectoparásito. En los pollos, se identificaron cuatro especies de piojos mastica- dores: Menopon gallinae (86%), Menacanthus stramineus (88%), Chelopistes meleagridis (64%), Lipeurus caponis (33%) y tres especies de pulgas, Echidnophaga gallinacea (75%), Ctenocephalides felis (66%), Ctenocephalides canis (60%). En los pavos se observaron las siguientes frecuencias: M. gallinae (100%), M. stramineus (100%) C. meleagridis (100%), L. caponis 50%) E. gallinacea (100%), C. felis (33%). Enpollos y pavos la mayoría de las infestaciones fueron de cuatro o más especies de ectoparásitos. Este es el primer estudio sobre identificación de ectoparásitos en la región.

Palabras clave: Piojos, pulgas, aves explotación de traspatio.

English title: ECTOPARASITES OF BACKYARD POULTRY (GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS AND MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO) IN A REGION OF SOUTHERN MEXICO

ABSTRACT: In order to determine the frequency of ectoparasites in poultry Macuilxóchitl, Oaxaca, Mexico. 51 birds were sampled, including chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Ectopara- sites were collected with an alcohol - ether cotton. All birds tested positive for any ectoparasite. In chickens, four species of chewing lice were identified: Menopon gallinae (86%), Menacanthus stramineus (88%), Chelopistes meleagridis (64%), Lipeurus caponis (33%) and three species of fleas, Echidnophaga galli- nacea (75%), Ctenocephalides felis (66%), Ctenocephalides canis (60%). In turkeys M. gallinae (100%), M. stramineus (100%) C. meleagridis (100%), L. caponis 50%) E. gallinacea (100%), C. felis (33%). In chickens and turkeys most infestations were four or more species of ectoparasites. This is the first study on identification of ectoparasites in the region.

10afleas10afree backyard poultry10alice1 aCruz, M.I.1 aFigueroa, C.J.A.1 aQuintero, M.M.T.1 aAlcayá, C.Y. uhttps://www.scribd.com/document/361610596/Ectoparasitos-de-Aves-en-Explotaciones-de-Traspatio-de-Una-Region-Del-Sur-de-Mex03042nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010200041210007100143520246600214653001802680653001802698100001602716700001702732700001802749700001702767700001802784856007002802 2014 eng d00aCONTRIBUCIÓN A LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL Mallophaga EN GUAJOLOTES NATIVOS DEL ESTADO DE YUCATÁN0 aCONTRIBUCIÓN A LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL Mallophaga EN GUAJOLOTES 3 a

Paper in Spanish:

Resumen
Una de las principales características que se reconocen en el guajolote nativo (Meleagris gallopavo), es su capacidad de resistir condiciones ambientales poco favorables. Los ectoparásitos juegan un papel importante en la dinámica poblacional, diversidad genética y resistencia natural de muchas especies, su distribución es de tipo cosmopolita, es decir, que se encuentran en todas las regiones biogeográficas en las que viven sus hospedadores. El estado sanitario de los guajolotes nativos, es un tema importante de salud pública, debido a que son criados principalmente para el consumo de su carne y huevos. El presente estudio, se realizó en el Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, con la finalidad de contribuir al conocimiento de ectoparásitos de Meleagris gallopavo en el estado de Yucatán. La colecta de los parásitos se realizó en el 2011 en cuatro municipios del estado de Yucatán, (Motul, Maní, Cepeda, Timucuy) conservando las muestras en alcohol al 70%, Se identificaron para Yucatán tres especies, Chelopistes meleagridis, Lipeurus caponis y Menacanthus stramineus.

Palabras Clave: eleagris gallopavo; Ectoparásitos; Salud animal.

English title: CONTRIBUTION TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF Mallophaga TURKEYS IN NATIVES OF THE STATE OF YUCATÁN

Abstract

A of the main characteristics that are recognized the native turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), is its ability to withstand unfavorable environmental conditions. The ectoparasites play an important role in population dynamics, genetic diversity and natural resistance of many species, its distribution is cosmopolitan type ie that are in all biogeographic regions where their hosts live. The sanitary state of the native turkeys is an important public health topic because they are raised primarily for the consumption of its meat and eggs. This study was performed Conkal Technological Institute, with the aim of contributing to the knowledge of ectoparasites of Meleagris gallopavo in the state of Yucatán. The collection of the parasites was performed in 2011 in four municipalities of the state of Yucatán, (Motul, Maní, Cepeda, Timucuy) preserving the samples in 70% alcohol, were identified for Yucatán three species Chelopistes meleagridis, Lipeurus caponis and Menacanthus stramineus.

10aanimal health10aectoparasites1 aCanul, S.M.1 aSierra, V.A.1 aAzcorra, P.G.1 aNava, G.F.J.1 aAmaya, M.S.M. uhttp://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ES201610001003168nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001300041245010100054210006900155260001200224300001200236490000600248520240700254653001602661653002502677653001802702653001402720653001202734653001502746100001602761700002302777700001702800700001402817700001402831856005702845 2019 eng d a2413844400aEctoparasitosis in Domesticated Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo) in Jere Area, Borno State, Nigeria0 aEctoparasitosis in Domesticated Turkeys Meleagris Gallopavo in J c01-2019 a11 - 220 v53 a

The present cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and identify the species of ectoparasites infesting domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Jere area. The study was conducted from the month of April to October, 2016 of the study period. Out of the total of 300 domesticated turkeys examined for the presence or absence of ectoparasites, 185 (61.67%) were found to be infested with one or more ectoparasites. The prevalence rate according to the study locations varies as Galtimari Ward (15.0%), Mairi emirate (12.67%), Fori ward (12.33%), University Staff Quarters (11.0%) and Mairi Kuwait (10.67%) of Jere. Among the Four different types of ectoparasites encountered, Lice (31.67%) were found to be the most prevalent followed by the Flea (15.33%) and Mites (12.0%) while the Ticks (2.67%) are the least prevalent. However, among the eight (8) different species of ectoparasites found on the infested turkeys; the most prevalent species of ectoparasites found was Lipeurus tropicalis (17.67%), followed by Echidnophaga gallinacean (15.33%), Menacanthus stramineus (8.33%), Dermanyssus gallinae (7.0%), Chelopistes meleagridis (5.67%), Epidermoptes bilobatus (3.0%), Argas persicus (2.67%) and Cnemidocoptes mutans (2.0%) in a descending order of prevalence rate. There was mixed infestation with two or more species of ectoparasites in some infected turkeys. Ectoparasites infestation was found to be significantly higher in Adult (44.0%) than in the young (17.67%) turkeys (P = 0.0148; RR = 1.202). Ectoparasites infestation was also found to be higher in the female (33.0%) than in the male (28.67%) turkeys, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.3102; RR = 0.9240). Ectoparasites infestation was found to be significantly higher in turkeys reared under the extensive (50.0%) compared to those reared under the intensive (11.67%) management systems (P < 0.0001; RR = 1.622). This is the first survey to determine the prevalence and identify the species of ectoparasites among domestic turkeys in Jere area of Borno State, Nigeria. The occurrence of ectoparasites
in domestic turkeys indicated the existence of diverse ectoparasites fauna in the present study area which is associated with inadequate management system such as poor hygienic rearing system, poor husbandry and lack of strategic ectoparasites control practices.

10aBorno State10aDomesticated Turkeys10aectoparasites10aJere area10aNigeria10aPrevalence1 aLawal, J.R.1 aMustapha, Muhammad1 aAdamu, Lawan1 aDauda, J.1 aBiu, A.A. uhttp://www.conscientiabeam.com/archive/110/03-2019/105391nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210007100214260001600285300000700301490000700308520455200315653001704867653001404884653001204898653001104910100001904921700003504940700003404975700002905009700001905038700001805057856006205075 2017 eng d a0035-186500aPrévalence et variations saisonnières des infestations par les ectoparasites des dindons de basse-cour, Meleagris gallopavo, à Sokoto, Nigeria0 aPrévalence et variations saisonnières des infestations par les e cAug-09-2018 a210 v703 a

Résumé: Entre août 2009 et juillet 2011, une étude a été conduite dans la région de Sokoto pour déterminer le taux d’infestation des dindons par les ectoparasites ainsi que l’abondance et les variations saisonnières de ces derniers. Les parasites ont été récoltés par la méthode du « dust-ruffling » (déloger les para- sites des plumes en les ébouriffant après saupoudrage de pyré- thrinoïde), puis mis dans des flacons d’éthanol à 70 %, avant d’être éclaircis au lactophénol, puis identifiés au microscope. L’examen de 265 oiseaux a révélé de forts taux d’infestation ainsi qu’une grande diversité parasitaires puisque 12 espèces ont été identifiées. Quatre espèces de poux (Phthiraptera : Ischnocera et Amblycera) ont été trouvées : Lipeurus tropi- calis (chez 78 % des dindons alors que cette espèce n’avait jusqu’alors pas été mentionnée chez cet oiseau), Menacan- thus stramineus (48 %), Goniocotes gallinae (35 %) et Chelo- pistes meleagridis (33 %). Il y avait également deux espèces de tiques (Acari : Metastigmata), Argas persicus (chez 50 % des oiseaux) et Hyalomma impressum (10 %), et cinq aca- riens responsables de gales (Acari : Astigmata et Mesostig- mata) : Bdellonyssus bursa (45 %), Megninia cubitalis (32 %), Epidermoptes bilobatus (20 %), Freyana chanayi (12 %) et Cnemidocoptes mutans (10 %). Une seule espèce de puce (Siphonaptera : Ceratophylloidea), Echidnophaga gallinacea, a été identifiée. Dans de nombreux cas, les oiseaux n’étaient infestés que par moins d’une douzaine de parasites, mais L. tropicalis et B. bursa étaient en revanche très abondants sur certains dindons qui pouvaient héberger plusieurs milliers d’individus. D’autres oiseaux étaient infestés par des dizaines voire quelques centaines d’A. persicus, de M. stramineus ou d’E. gallinacea. Les infestations étaient plus fréquentes pendant la saison sèche chaude (p < 0,01) et la saison chaude humide (p < 0,05) que pendant la saison sèche fraîche. Ces observa- tions suggèrent qu’il serait nécessaire de mettre en place des mesures de prévention et de lutte pour réduire l’importance des ectoparasites dans cette région.

Mots-clés : dindon, ectoparasite, morbidité, Nigeria

Engish title: Prevalence and seasonal fluctuations of ectoparasites infesting backyard turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo, in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria

A systematic survey was conducted during two consecutive years, August 2009 to July 2011, to study the prevalence, abundance and seasonal fluctuations of ectoparasites of turkeys in Sokoto and its environs. The ectoparasites were recovered from the birds using the dust-ruffling technique, fixed in 70% alco- hol and identified microscopically following clearing in lactophenol. The results, based on examination of 265 birds, revealed a high prevalence and a high par- asite diversity with no less than 12 species recorded. In decreasing order of prevalence, ectoparasites recorded included four louse species (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera and Amblycera): Lipeurus tropicalis (78%, hitherto unknown from turkeys), Menacanthus stramineus (48%), Goniocotes gallinae (35%), and Chelo- pistes meleagridis (33%). Two species of ticks (Acari: Metastigmata) were found: Argas persicus (50%) and Hyalomma impressum (10%). Five parasitic mites (Acari: Astigmata and Mesostigmata) were observed: Bdellonyssus bursa (45%), Megninia cubitalis (32%), Epidermoptes bilobatus (20%), Freyana chanayi (12%) and Cnemidocoptes mutans (10%). Only one flea species (Siphonaptera: Cera- tophylloidea), Echidnophaga gallinacea, was found. Many infestations consisted of a few to a dozen individuals per bird, but L. tropicalis and B. bursa were very abundant and could reach thousands of individuals on some birds, and A. persicus, M. stramineus and E. gallinacea were abundant, sometimes with hundreds of individuals, on some others. Infestations fluctuated seasonally and were more often present in the hot dry season (p < 0.01) and the warm wet sea- son (p < 0.05) than in the cool dry harmattan season. The findings suggest the need to develop effective preventive and control options to deal with ectopara- sites which flourish in numbers and diversity in the area.

10aectoparasite10aMorbidity10aNigeria10aTurkey1 aFabiyi, J., P.1 aAlayande, Musbaudeen, Olayinka1 aAkintule, Alexander, Olayinka1 aLawal, Mohammed, Dalhatu1 aMahmuda, Aliyu1 aUsman, Mahmud uhttp://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/REMVT/article/view/3139101614nas a2200253 4500008004100000245015300041210006900194260000900263300001400272490000700286520078800293653001201081653001201093653001701105653001001122653004601132653001501178653004601193653001201239653001201251653002101263100001901284856005701303 1988 eng d00aEctoparasites of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata Pallas) and local domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) in southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria0 aEctoparasites of guinea fowl iNumida meleagris galeatai Pallas a c1988 a277 - 2800 v123 a

The ectoparasites of poultry in a southern guinea savanna zone were investigated by the examination of guinea fowl and local domestic chickens in the range and guinea fowl under intensive management. The prevalent ectoparasites of range guinea fowl and local chickens include seven species of lice Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, Numidilipeurus tropicalis, Damalinia bovis; three mites Bdellonyssus bursa, Megninia cubitalis, Dermanyssus gallinae; two fleas Echidnophaga gallinacea, Ctenocephalides felis and two ticks Argas persicus and Ambylomma variegatum. Under intensive management, infestation by G. gigas, L. caponis and M. gallinae led to clinical signs, feather damage, reduced food intake and death.

10aanimals10achicken10aectoparasite10afleas10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aMallophaga10aMite Infestations/epidemiology/veterinary10aNigeria10apoultry10aPoultry Diseases1 aOkaeme, A., N. uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF0034324500696nas a2200157 4500008004100000245024200041210006900283260000900352300000800361490000700369100002000376700002100396700003100417700001800448856007200466 2003 eng d00aOccorrencia de Goniocotes gallinae (De Geer, 1778), Lipeurus sp., (Mallophaga, Philopteridae) e Menopon gallinae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mallophaga, Menoponidae), em Numida meleagris (Linnaeus, 1758) (guinea fowl), em Arroio Grande, RS, Brazil0 aOccorrencia de Goniocotes gallinae De Geer 1778 Lipeurus sp Mall c2003 a2270 v701 aRibeiro, P., B.1 aCosta, P., R. P.1 aKrüger, Rodrigo, Ferreira1 aBicho, C., L. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/8882.pdf01793nas a2200253 4500008004100000245006700041210006700108260000900175300001400184490000700198520110900205653001201314653000901326653001101335653002101346653001301367653001001380653000901390100001701399700002001416700001401436700002101450856006801471 1993 eng d00aLice on helmeted guineafowls at five localties in South Africa0 aLice on helmeted guineafowls at five localties in South Africa c1993 a223 - 2280 v603 a

A total of 234 helmeted guineafowls, Numida meleagris coronata, were examined for lice at five localities in South Africa. These were the Mountain Zebra National Park in the eastern Karoo, Cape Province; the Andries Vosloo Kudu Reserve and the farm Bucklands, in Valley Bushveld, eastern Cape Province; the Bontebok National Park, south-western Cape Province; and the southern part of the Kruger National Park, eastern Transvaal Lowveld. A total of eight louse species, comprising Amyrsidea desousai, Clayia theresae, Goniodes gigas , Goniodes numidae, Lipeurus numidae, Numidicola antennatus, Numidilipeurus lawrensis and Somaphantus lusius were recovered from the guineafowls. With the exception of A. desousai , which was not recovered from the guineafowls in the Bontebok National Park, all eight species were present on the birds at each locality. The prevalence of infestations on the birds at the various localities ranged from 99.2-100 %, and the numbers of lice present on individual birds, from 0-3619. Goniodes spp. and N . antennatus were the most abundant and A. desousai the least.

10aanimals10afowl10aKruger10anumida meleagris10aparasite10aticks10awild1 aLouw, J., P.1 aHorak, Ivan, G.1 aMeyer, S.1 aPrice, Roger, D. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/1023.pdf