02141nas a2200265   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260000900227300001400236490000800250520134400258653001301602653001201615653001701627653001401644653001001658653001201668653002201680653001401702653001301716653001501729100002301744700002601767856008201793       1999                        eng d00aPhylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks (genus: Anas): a comparison of molecular and morphological evidence0 aPhylogeny and biogeography of dabbling ducks genus Anas a compar  c1999  a792 - 8050 v1163 a<p>We constructed a phylogeny for the dabbling ducks (tribe Anatini) based on cytochrome-b and ND2 mitochondrial gene DNA sequences. This phylogeny differed in several important respects from a morphological phylogeny developed by Livezey (1991), including the distinctiveness of the blue-winged ducks from other dabbling ducks, the inclusion of the genus Tachyeres and exclusion of Callonetta from the subtribe Anateae, and the lack of support for Mareca as a genus separate from Anas. Characters from three other data sets showed greater consistency with the molecular topology than with the morphological topology. The molecular phylogeny divides the dabbling ducks into four distinct groups: (1) four South American genera, including Amazonetta, Lophonetta, Speculanas, and Techyeres; (2) the Baikal Teal (Anas formosa); (3) the blue-winged ducks and allies; and (4) a large clade including wigeons, pintails, mallards, and several teal lineages. An examination of the distributions of species in light of the phylogeny indicates relatively little biogeographic structure. Geographic origin for most internal branches is ambiguous using several reconstruction methods. We suggest that the high dispersal ability of birds (especially dabbling ducks) has important implications for recovery of branches using molecular systematics.</p>
10aanalysis10aanatini10aBiogeography10aEvolution10agenes10ahistory10amitochondrial dna10aParsimony10asequence10asystematic1 aJohnson, Kevin, P.1 aSorenson, Michael, D.  uhttps://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v116n03/p0792-p0805.pdf