02968nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260001200227300001200239490000600251520221000257653001602467653001902483653001902502653002802521653001902549653002802568653002502596100002002621700001702641856006802658 2018 eng d a2455-726900aEcto-and Endo-parasites of domestic birds in Owan west, east and Akoko-Edo in Edo state of Nigeria0 aEctoand Endoparasites of domestic birds in Owan west east and Ak c09-2018 a28 - 350 v33 a

Parasites are major cause of low productivity in poultry resulting in poor health, stunted growth, low productivity and yield of birds especially those reared in free-range. Twenty-three (23) live domestic birds comprising of 13 chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), 6 ducks (Anas sparsa), and 4 pigeons  (Columba livia) distributed across 3 Local Government Council Areas (LGAs) in Owan West, East and Akoko-Edo of Edo State, Nigeria, was screened for ecto- and endo-parasites. In addition, two hundred (200) faecal samples from 200 domestic birds distributed across the 3 LGAs were investigated for endoparasites. From the 23 live birds, nine species of ectoparasite (Mallophaga-lice), were recovered, of which Menopon gallinae recorded the highest prevalence (23.33%), while Coclutogaster heterographus recorded the least (3.33%). 162 of the 223 birds (23 live birds + 200 faecal samples) investigated were positive for endoparasites recording an overall prevalence of 72.65%. From these hosts, 25 species of endohelminths comprising of 9 species of cestode; 13 species of nematode; 3 species of trematode and some protozoan sporocysts were recovered. Raillietina tetragona recorded the highest overall prevalence (20.40%), while Amidostomum anseris recorded the least with a prevalence of 0.20%. All 13 live chickens (100%) and 2 pigeons (50%) were observed to be infected with endoparasites. They included: 8 species of cestode; 3 species of nematode and a trematode species. R. tetragona recorded the highest overall prevalence (24.69%) while A. anseris recorded the least with a prevalence of 0.94%. A total of 147 (73.50%) of the 200 faecal samples investigated recorded various species of endoparasites. They included: 12 species of nematode (63.39%); 6 species of cestode (29.46%); 2 species of trematode (6.25%) and some unsporulated protozoan sporocysts (0.89%). Heterakis gallinarum recorded the highest prevalence (21.88%) while A. anseris recorded the least (0.45%). These observations showed that the recorded ecto-and endo-parasites are major consequences of the bird’s migratory and unhygienic feeding habits which resulted in poor-health, productivity and even death.

10aAnas sparsa10aColumbia livie10aDomestic birds10aecto-and endo-parasites10afeeding habits10aGallus gallus domestica10aparasitic infections1 aEdosomwan, E.U.1 aIgetei, E.J. uhttp://www.zoologyjournals.com/archives/2018/vol3/issue5/3-4-3802701nas a2200241 4500008004100000022002000041245010200061210006900163300001400232490000700246520194400253653001602197653003202213653001902245653001802264653001802282653002402300653001202324100002002336700001802356700001702374856006802391 2011 eng d a1595-6938/2011 00aA study of ecto and endo parasites of domestic birds in Etsako Municipality, Edo North of Nigeria0 astudy of ecto and endo parasites of domestic birds in Etsako Mun a209 - 2160 v113 a

Three hundred faecal samples from 300 domestic birds representing 100 from each of the 3 Local Government
Areas (LGA’s) were examined for helminth parasites, while 18 live domestic birds comprising of 10 fowls (Gallus domestica), 4
ducks (Anas sparsa), and 4 pigeons (Columbia livie) were also investigated for ecto-and helminth parasites in the three (3) Local
Government Area in Etsako, Edo state, Nigeria.
Two hundred and thirteen (213) 71% of the 300 faecal samples investigated were found to have parasite eggs. They include: 10
(46.7%) species of nematodes, Ascaridia galli, Syngamus trachae, Capillaria annulata, Heterakis gallinae, Cappillaria
longicollis, Syngamus bronchiali, Amidostomum anseris, Subulura brumpti, Capillaria retusa and Echinuria uncinate, 4 (8.9%)
species of cestodes, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Raillietina species, Amoebotaenia sphenoides and Davainea proglothina.
All 10 live fowls (55.5%) and 2 pigeons (11.1%) were found to be infected with helminth parasites. The parasites include: 8
species of cestodes, Amoebotrienia cuneata, Choanotaenia infundibulum, Hymenolepis species, Raillietina species, Raillietina
cesticillus, Mesocestoides species, Davainea proglottina and Raillietina echinobothridia, which was the only helminth parasite
found in pigeon in this study. 2 species of nematode; Ascaridia galli and Strongyloides avium. 1 species of trematode,
Echinostoma species.
Ten species of ectoparasites (Mallophaga-lice), were also found on the birds, they include; Lipeurus caponis (83.3%),
Columbicola columbae (38.8%), Coclutogaster heterographus (22.2%), Chelopistes meleagridis (38.8%), Gonoides dissimilis
(77.7%), Gonoides gallinae (38.8%), Gonoides hologaster (16.6), Menopon gallinae (27.7%), Mencanthus stramineus (66.6%)
and Gonoides gigas (27.7%).

10aAnas sparsa10aCoclutogaster heterographus10aDomestic birds10aectoparasites10aEndoparasites10aEtsako Municipality10aNigeria1 aEdosomwan, E.U.1 aOlumese, E.R.1 aIgetei, E.J. uhttp://ojs.klobexjournals.com/index.php/nisebj/article/view/13102662nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144300000900213490000600222520196100228653001602189653003102205653001902236653008502255653002802340100002002368700001702388856006302405 2018 eng d00aEcto and Endo Parasites of Domestic Birds in Owan West, East and Akoko-Edo in Edo State of Nigeria0 aEcto and Endo Parasites of Domestic Birds in Owan West East and  a8 pp0 v43 a

Twenty-three (23) live domestic birds comprising of 13 chickens (Gallus gallus domestica), 6 ducks (Anas sparsa), and 4 pigeons (Columbia livie) distributed across 3 Local Government Council Areas (LGAs) in Owan West, East and Akoko-Edo of Edo State, Nigeria, was screened for ecto- and endo-parasites. In addition, two hundred (200) faecal samples from 200 domestic birds distributed across the 3 LGAs were investigated for endoparasites. From the 23 live birds, nine species of ectoparasite (Mallophaga-lice), were recovered, of which Menopon gallinae recorded the highest prevalence (23.33%), while Coclutogaster heterographus recorded the least (3.33%). 162 of the 223 birds (23 live birds + 200 faecal samples) investigated were positive for endoparasites recording an overall prevalence of 72.65%. From these hosts, 25 species of endo-helminths comprising of 9 species of cestode; 13 species of nematode; 3 species of trematode and some protozoan sporocysts were recovered. Raillietina tetragona recorded the highest overall prevalence (20.40%), while Amidostomum anseris recorded the least with a prevalence of 0.20%. All 13 live chickens (100%) and 2 pigeons (50%) were observed to be infected with endoparasites. They included: 8 species of cestode; 3 species of nematode and a trematode species. R. tetragona recorded the highest overall prevalence (24.69%) while A. anseris recorded the least with a prevalence of 0.94%. A total of 147 (73.50%) of the 200 faecal samples investigated recorded various species of endoparasites. They included: 12 species of nematode (63.39%); 6 species of cestode (29.46%); 2 species of trematode (6.25%) and some unsporulated protozoan sporocysts (0.89%). Heterakis gallinarum recorded the highest prevalence (21.88%) while A. anseris recorded the least (0.45%). These observations showed that the recorded ecto-and endo-parasites are major consequences of the bird’s migratory and feeding habits.

10aAnas sparsa10aCoclutogaster heteronaphus10aColumbia livie10aEcto and endo parasites; Domestic birds; Feeding habits and Parasitic infections10aGallus gallus domestica1 aEdosomwan, E.U.1 aIgetei, E.J. uhttps://juniperpublishers.com/arr/pdf/ARR.MS.ID.555629.pdf