01379nas a2200229 4500008004100000020001400041245015000055210006900205260001700274300001200291490000700303520052900310653001200839653002100851653001800872653001600890653000900906653001100915653002300926100001700949856018300966 1980 eng d a0043-516300aOccurrence and number of lice Polyplax reclinata (Nitzsch, 1864) in the Crocidura leucodon (Hermann, 1780) population from Putawy (Hermann, 1780)0 aOccurrence and number of lice Polyplax reclinata Nitzsch 1864 in aPOLANDc1980 a77 - 810 v263 a
Polish title: Występowanie i liczebność wszy Polyplax reclinata (Nitsch, 1864) na puławskiej populacji Crocidura leucodon (Hermann, 1780)
English Abstract: Numerous occurrence of Po!yp!ax rec!inata was stated on specimens of Crocidura !eucodon collected at Puławy. This mamma! is a new host species of P. rec!inata in Poland. The extensity of invasion is estimated as 48 . 5% in years 1949-50 (table 1), and the intensity was higher in autumn than in summer (table 2).
10aanimals10aEnglish Abstract10ahost parasite10aInsectivora10alice10aPoland10apopulation density1 aCais, Leszek uhttps://agro.icm.edu.pl/agro/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-28301910-9ea4-46bf-be32-68c8103bab79?q=bwmeta1.element.agro-f369fc4b-31ad-423b-be1f-281010c5989f;8&qt=CHILDREN-STATELESS00779nas a2200229 4500008004100000020001400041245011000055210006900165260000900234300001200243490000700255653001200262653000900274653001200283653001200295653001800307653003000325653001700355653001600372100002600388856013500414 1981 eng d a0003-316200aIn memory of Guenter Timmermann (scientific historical study of the controversy the Fahrenholz principle)0 aIn memory of Guenter Timmermann scientific historical study of t c1981 a53 - 560 v2210aanimals10abird10aGermany10ahistory10ahost parasite10aMallophaga classification10aParasitology10aterminology1 aEichler, Wolfdietrich uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/memory-guenter-timmermann-scientific-historical-study-controversy-fahrenholz-principle02815nas a2200253 4500008004100000245006400041210006100105260000900166300001400175490000700189520211700196653001202313653001302325653002102338653001802359653001102377653002302388653001102411653001202422100002002434700002102454700001702475856006902492 1981 eng d00aLice (Anoplura) of small mammals in the Volga-Kama Preserve0 aLice Anoplura of small mammals in the VolgaKama Preserve c1981 a157 - 1620 v153 aRussian title: ВШИ МЕЛКИХ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ ВОЛЖСКО-КАМСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИКА (ANOPLURA)
Аннотация: В результате исследования 18 068 мелких млекопитающих 15 видов собрано 25 059 вшей 7 видов. Охарактеризованы видовой состав, встречаемость и численность вшей на насекомоядных и грызунах. Отмечены неоднократные случаи нахождения вшей на несвойственных им хозяевах, отражающие межвидовые контакты зверьков. Рассмотрены сезонные и возрастные изменения зараженности массовых мышевидных грызунов, а для доминирующего вида — европейской рыжей полевки — также зара- женность в годы большей и меньшей ее численности.
Abstract: 18,068 small mammals belonging to 15 species were examined, 25,059 lice of 7 species (Hoplopleura acanthopus, H. edentula, H. affinis, H. longula, Polyplax serrata, P. borealis, Neohaematopinus laeviusculus) were collected from 2355 animals of 14 species. Information is given on the species composition, occurrence and abundance for lice on shrews and rodents. 50 per cent of collected animals belong to Clethrionomys glareolus and about 85 per cent of lice--to Hoplopleura edentula. Frequent cases were recorded of the occurrence of lice on non-typical hosts as a result of interspecific contacts of animals. H. edentula was more often than other species found on non-typical hosts. No specific lice were reported from shrews and some rodents, only vole lice were found. Seasonal and age changes in lice infection rate of mass rodents as well as infection rate in years of greater and lesser abundance of C. glareolus have been studied.
10aanimals10aAnoplura10aEnglish Abstract10ahost parasite10amammal10apopulation density10aRussia10aSeasons1 aSosnina, E., F.1 aNazarova, I., V.1 aSadekova, Kh uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46647.pdf01303nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245006500055210006500120260000900185300001200194490000700206520058800213653001200801653001200813653002100825653001800846653001500864653001500879653002400894100001400918700002600932856010300958 1981 eng d a0003-316200aViability of chicken Mallophaga following loss of their host0 aViability of chicken Mallophaga following loss of their host c1981 a83 - 910 v223 aEomenacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, and Goniocoles gallinae were found to have a different locomotive ability after losing contact with their host. Speed and character of the locomotion depend on vitality, leg anatomy, locomotive mechanism, and external factors, e.g. roughness of the substrate. Viability and mortality of the three Mallophaga species were investigated on such substrates as are normally found in poultry houses. The results suggest an active infectiosity of Eomenacanthus stramineus amd a passive one of Menopon gallinae and Goniocotes gallinea among hosts.10aanimals10achicken10aEnglish Abstract10ahost parasite10aLocomotion10aMallophaga10aSpecies Specificity1 aUrban, E.1 aZłotorzycka, Jadwiga uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/viability-chicken-mallophaga-following-loss-their-host01076nas a2200337 4500008004100000020001400041245005400055210005400109260002400163300001200187490000700199653004200206653001200248653002300260653003100283653003300314653002600347653001400373653001700387653002100404653001800425653001700443653002500460653002000485653002100505653004500526653003300571653002100604100001800625856009500643 1982 eng d a0066-417000aImmune responses to arthropods and their products0 aImmune responses to arthropods and their products aUNITED STATESc1982 a21 - 480 v2710aAnimal Population Groups/parasitology10aanimals10aAntibody Formation10aAntigen-Antibody Reactions10aArthropod Vectors/immunology10aArthropods/immunology10aCulicidae10aectoparasite10aFleas/immunology10ahost parasite10aimmunization10aInsect Bites, stings10aLice/immunology10aMites/immunology10aResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.10aTick Infestations/immunology10aTicks/immunology1 aWikel, S., K. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/immune-responses-arthropods-and-their-products01383nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245006700055210006500122260000900187300001400196490000700210520071600217653001200933653002100945653001400966653001800980653001900998653001401017100002601031856010801057 1982 eng d a0003-316200aHead lice problems. I. Taxonomic position of Pediculus capitis0 aHead lice problems I Taxonomic position of Pediculus capitis c1982 a102 - 1090 v233 aThe recognition of the head louse and the body louse being two different species is not quite new. This view is also supported by the author as can be seen in several publications. It is based on the biological species concept of the so-called new systematics. But even quite a few contributors doing research in the field of lice still ignore this concept. Therefore, the author emphasizes all "biological" species criteria referring to modern epidemiological research done in the last decades. Considering all these facts and contemporary evolutionary theory the author concludes that the two forms should be recognized as good species. The different subspecies of the head louse described as such are listed.10aanimals10aEnglish Abstract10aEvolution10ahost parasite10aInsect vectors10aPediculus1 aEichler, Wolfdietrich uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/head-lice-problems-i-taxonomic-position-pediculus-capitis-000681nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245010900055210006900164260000900233300001400242490000600256653001300262653001200275653001800287653001100305653001000316100002100326700002200347700002100369856007300390 1983 eng d a0142-245600aMaintenance of the crab louse, Pthirus pubis, in the laboratory and behavioural studies using volunteers0 aMaintenance of the crab louse Pthirus pubis in the laboratory an c1983 a238 - 2410 v510aAnoplura10aculture10ahost parasite10ahumans10alight1 aBurgess, Ian, F.1 aMaunder, John, W.1 aMyint, Tin, Than uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45517.pdf00994nas a2200313 4500008004100000020001400041245010400055210006900159260000900228300001400237490000700251653001500258653001200273653003300285653001000318653001200328653001400340653002100354653001400375653002100389653001800410653001100428653001900439653002000458653001600478653002100494100002400515856014100539 1984 eng d a0066-417000aInteraction between blood-sucking arthropods and their hosts, and its influence on vector potential0 aInteraction between bloodsucking arthropods and their hosts and c1984 a137 - 1560 v2910aadaptation10aanimals10aArthropod Vectors/physiology10ablood10aDiptera10aEvolution10aFeeding Behavior10afertility10aFleas/physiology10ahost parasite10ahumans10aInsect vectors10aLice/physiology10aOviposition10aTicks/physiology1 aBalashov, I., U. S. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/interaction-between-blood-sucking-arthropods-and-their-hosts-and-its-influence-vector-potent02401nas a2200277 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134260000900203300001400212490000700226520146500233653001201698653001301710653001201723653001801735653005901753653001101812653005901823653002101882653001101903653003701914653001101951100002001962700001801982856012302000 1987 eng d00aDispersal in patchy environments: effect on the prevalence of small mammal ectoparasites0 aDispersal in patchy environments effect on the prevalence of sma c1987 a357 - 3670 v343 aPart-time ectoparasites on small mammals disperse via the habitat, while full-time parasites spread throughout the host population by direct contacts between host animals. It is therefore supposed that the effect of the natural environment is different for the two groups. This was studied as differences between observed and expected prevalence, the percentage of the infested host population, during different environmental conditions. Two possible mechanisms of such an effect were analysed, i.e. a) host selection and its change with host frequency and b) parasite migration and reproduction rates as reflected by the frequency distribution patterns on the hosts. As expected the prevalence of full-time ectoparasites (Anoplura and subfamily Laelapinae) could be predicted on the basis of host species frequencies during different environmental conditions, with the exception of one louse species (Hoplopleura acanthopus), because of its restricted distribution. Prediction was not possible for part-time ectoparasites (subfamily Hameogamasinae). Species of the subfamily Haemogamasinae were more catholic in host selection than species of Anoplura and subfamily Laelapinae. The haemogamasin mites changed host species to a greater extent than did Anoplura and Laelapinae. All haemogamasin mites had short-tailed frequency distribution patterns and all Anoplura and Laelapinae, except Hyperlaelaps microti, had long-tailed frequency distributions.
10aanimals10aAnoplura10aFinland10ahost parasite10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary10amammal10aMite Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary10aMites/physiology10aNorway10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aSweden1 aLundqvist, Lars1 aEdler, Anders uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/dispersal-patchy-environments-effect-prevalence-small-mammal-ectoparasites00577nas a2200193 4500008004100000020001400041245003600055210003400091260001800125300001200143653001200155653001800167653001100185653004300196653004100239653001000280100001600290856007700306 1987 eng d a0262-875900aLouse infestation--a lousy life0 aLouse infestationa lousy life aENGLANDc1987 a16 - 1910aanimals10ahost parasite10ahumans10aLice Infestations/prevention & control10aLice/growth & development/physiology10ascalp1 aRoberts, C. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/louse-infestation-lousy-life00729nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245006700055210006600122260001600188300001200204490000700216653001200223653001200235653001800247653001100265653001000276653002200286653000800308653002600316653002100342100001900363856010500382 1988 eng d a0019-513800aRodent-louse association in rural biotopes of peninsular India0 aRodentlouse association in rural biotopes of peninsular India aINDIAc1988 a52 - 570 v2010aanimals10aecology10ahost parasite10ahumans10aIndia10aLice/parasitology10arat10aRodentia/parasitology10aRural Population1 aSaxena, V., K. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/rodent-louse-association-rural-biotopes-peninsular-india00692nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245004300055210004300098260002000141300000700161490000700168653001200175653001000187653001800197653000900215653003300224653003200257653002300289100002400312700001400336700001600350856008400366 1988 eng d a0005-042300aDamalinia caprae infestations on sheep0 aDamalinia caprae infestations on sheep aAUSTRALIAc1988 a660 v6510aanimals10agoats10ahost parasite10alice10aLice Infestations/veterinary10aSheep Diseases/parasitology10aSheep/parasitology1 aO'Callaghan, M., G.1 aMoore, E.1 aLangman, M. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/damalinia-caprae-infestations-sheep00697nas a2200193 4500008004100000020001400041245010000055210006900155260001600224300001400240490000700254653001200261653001300273653001800286653002900304653001600333100001900349856013500368 1988 eng d a0019-513800aMorphometric variation in wild population of louse Polyplax stephensi and its value in taxonomy0 aMorphometric variation in wild population of louse Polyplax step aINDIAc1988 a155 - 1580 v2010aanimals10aBiometry10ahost parasite10aLice/anatomy & histology10apopulations1 aSaxena, V., K. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/morphometric-variation-wild-population-louse-polyplax-stephensi-and-its-value-taxonomy01666nas a2200301 4500008004100000020001400041245009200055210006900147260001700216300001400233490000700247520070400254653001200958653001300970653001200983653001700995653002101012653001001033653001801043653000901061653004601070653002801116653004601144653001001190100002201200700002301222856011901245 1988 eng d a0031-184700aEctoparasites and phoresants of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus Pall.) in the Polesye0 aEctoparasites and phoresants of the root vole Microtus oeconomus aRUSSIAc1988 a372 - 3770 v223 aDrainage melioration in the Polesye resulted in a sharp increase in the number of tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus Pall.) which quickly included into the parasitocenosis of the drained land. There were found 26 parasitic and nonparasitic species of Gamasoidea, 3 species of Ixodidae and 2 species of Trombiculidae, 10 species of Aphaniptera, 3 species of Anoplura but there was found no species specific only for the tundra vole. All found parasites occur on many hosts. This explains wide parasitic links of the tundra vole with other homothermic animals which especially extensive with the bank vole and it may have important consequences for epizootiology of tularemia and tick-borne encephalitis.10aanimals10aByelarus10aecology10aectoparasite10aEnglish Abstract10afleas10ahost parasite10alice10aLice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary10aMicrotinae/parasitology10aTick Infestations/parasitology/veterinary10aticks1 aSavitskii, B., P.1 aKulnazarov, B., K. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/ectoparasites-and-phoresants-root-vole-microtus-oeconomus-pall-polesye01124nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245007400055210006900129260000900198300001200207490000700219520037500226653001200601653000900613653001800622653001800640653004600658653001500704100001600719700002000735700002400755856010300779 1989 eng d a0003-316200aDistribution of Mallophaga on the body of Acridotheres tristis (Aves)0 aDistribution of Mallophaga on the body of Acridotheres tristis A c1989 a39 - 420 v303 a4 species of Mallophaga (2 Amblycera, Menacanthus eurysternus and Myrsidea sp., and 2 Ischnocera, Brueelia chayanh and Sturnidoecus affinis) coexist on the body of Common Myna, Acridotheres tristis. The distribution of eggs, nymphs and adults of these species on the body of host is discussed. The patterns of distribution coincides with their morphological adaptations.10aanimals10abird10abird diseases10ahost parasite10aLice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary10aMallophaga1 aChandra, S.1 aAgarwal, G., P.1 aSaxena, Arun, Kumar uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/distribution-mallophaga-body-acridotheres-tristis-aves01264nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245010600055210006900161260000900230300001200239490000700251520044800258653001200706653001200718653002100730653001200751653001800763653001500781653002100796653003700817100001500854856015300869 1989 eng d a0003-316200aPhoresy and hyperparasitism in Ornithomya (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) in the Federal Republic of Germany0 aPhoresy and hyperparasitism in Ornithomya Diptera Hippoboscidae c1989 a43 - 460 v303 a243 louse-flies of the genus Ornithomya were examined for mites and Mallophaga. 12 out of 71 O. fringillina and 4 out of 153 O. avicularia were infested by Microlichus avus. Myialges uncus were found on 5 O. avicularia. One O. avicularia was infested by Myialges pari. Mallophaga were found on 8 O. avicularia. The following species were identified: Allobruelia abluda, A. amsel, Turdinirmus merulensis, Trichodectes sp., Brueelia sp.
10aanimals10aDiptera10aEnglish Abstract10aGermany10ahost parasite10aMallophaga10aMites/physiology10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't1 aWalter, G. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/20425883_Phoresy_and_hyperparasitism_in_Ornithomya_Diptera_Hippoboscidae_in_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany00847nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245005900055210005700114260001700171300001200188490000700200653001200207653001900219653001700238653008100255653001800336653001500354653008100369653001100450653002300461100002600484856009500510 1991 eng d a0043-516300aExternal parasites of birds (investigations in Poland)0 aExternal parasites of birds investigations in Poland aPOLANDc1991 a61 - 660 v3710aanimals10aBird parasites10aectoparasite10aFleas/anatomy & histology/classification/isolation & purification/physiology10ahost parasite10aMallophaga10aMites/anatomy & histology/classification/isolation & purification/physiology10aPoland10apopulation density1 aZłotorzycka, Jadwiga uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/external-parasites-birds-investigations-poland00907nas a2200265 4500008004100000020001400041245014400055210006900199260001800268300001400286490000700300653001200307653001400319653002200333653001400355653001800369653004600387653002000433653001700453653001700470653001400487653002600501100002400527856009000551 1991 eng d a0020-751900aEvolution of host-parasite associations among species of lice and rock-wallabies: coevolution? (J. F. A. Sprent Prize lecture, August 1990)0 aEvolution of hostparasite associations among species of lice and aENGLANDc1991 a497 - 5010 v2110aanimals10aAustralia10aAwards and Prizes10aEvolution10ahost parasite10aLice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary10aLice/physiology10aMacropodidae10aParasitology10aPhylogeny10aSocieties, Scientific1 aBarker, Stephen, C. uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002075199190053A/part/first-page-pdf03648nas a2200325 4500008004100000020001400041245008200055210006900137260001800206300001400224490001600238520255600254653001202810653001702822653001002839653002902849653001602878653001802894653000902912653005502921653005502976653001003031653002303041653004203064653001203106653005503118653001003173100001603183856012303199 1992 eng d a0031-182000aEctoparasite impacts on Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi under natural conditions0 aEctoparasite impacts on Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi under natur aENGLANDc1992 a479 - 4880 v104 ( Pt 3)3 aTo assess ectoparasite impact on individuals and populations of Gerbillus andersoni allenbyi under natural conditions, I addressed the following questions. Do ectoparasites affect their host fitness and, if so, how? Do ectoparasites affect host population level? Does this parasite-host interaction support the traditional concept of parasite evolution towards avirulence? For this purpose, host infestation, infection, survival, haematological indices, and physical condition were recorded. A field experiment which included manipulating host infestation while recording host survival was conducted to determine the causal relations between these variables. G. a. allenbyi was infested by 2 fleas (Synosternus cleopatrae and Stenoponia tripectinata), 5 mesostigmatid mites (Androlaelaps centrocarpus, A. hirsti, A. insculptus, A. marshalli and Hirstionyssus carticulatus), 1 tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), and 1 louse (polyplax gerbilli). Ectoparasite burden significantly reduced host survival and red blood cell indices (red cell concentration, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit). Ectoparasite burden did not significantly affect white blood cell concentration. Gerbils were not infected by haemoparasites or gut helminths which potentially could cause anaemia. The causal relationship between S. cleopatrae burden and host survival was established by manipulation of host infestation. Both ectoparasite removal and initial level of infestation significantly affected host survival. Ectoparasites that caused anaemia were not associated with host physical condition (PC), measured as weight/length3. None of the red blood cell indices was correlated with host PC. These results suggest both that host PC was not affected by ectoparasite burden and that exsanguination leading to anaemia was the main effect of the ectoparasites. Ectoparasite pressure on the host population (based on the ectoparasite effects as estimated by statistical models, combined with dispersion of the infestation within the host population) changed seasonally and was greatest when host density was the highest. A large segment of the gerbil population was affected by ectoparasites during the entire year. An explanation for the evolution of parasite virulence, contrasting parasites that evolve towards increased virulence with parasites that evolve towards avirulence is presented. This classification is primarily based on whether parasite impact is equated with a higher efficiency of host exploitation, or whether it is a 'side effect' of parasite biology.10aanimals10aectoparasite10afleas10aGerbillinae/parasitology10ahealth care10ahost parasite10alice10aLice Infestations/blood/physiopathology/veterinary10aMite Infestations/blood/physiopathology/veterinary10amites10apopulation density10aRodent Diseases/blood/physiopathology10aSeasons10aTick Infestations/blood/physiopathology/veterinary10aticks1 aLehmann, T. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/ectoparasite-impacts-gerbillus-andersoni-allenbyi-under-natural-conditions00776nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245012000055210006900175260001800244300001400262490000700276653001200283653002800295653001800323653000900341653001300350653002400363653001000387100002000397856014100417 1994 eng d a0020-751900aComments on Poulin, R. the disparity between observed and uniform distributions: a new look at parasite aggregation0 aComments on Poulin R the disparity between observed and uniform aENGLANDc1994 a919 - 9200 v2410aanimals10aFlatfishes/parasitology10ahost parasite10alice10aparasite10apopulation dynamics10aticks1 aPloeger, H., W. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/comments-poulin-r-disparity-between-observed-and-uniform-distributions-new-look-parasite-agg01608nas a2200277 4500008004100000020001400041245008400055210006900139260001700208300001200225490000800237520076100245653001501006653001501021653001001036653001201046653001001058653002101068653001801089653001101107653004801118653001401166653001101180100002101191856011801212 1995 eng d a0025-832600aThe adaptive potentials of human head and clothes lice when parasitizing on man0 aadaptive potentials of human head and clothes lice when parasiti aRUSSIAc1995 a23 - 250 v(1)3 aTwo species of lice (Pediculus capitis and P. corporis) from various areas of Russian and adjacent republics were examined and analysed for their specific features. Each species was characterized in terms of its morphology, karyology, biology, reproductive isolation, parasitic connections, epidemiology and role as casual organisms. The two species live apart on the same host and they can live on it simultaneously. P. corporis has a higher influence on the host's metabolism than P. capitis; P. corporis seems to be a younger species and its adaptation to man has not achieved the level that is inherent in P. capitis. The head lice (P. capitis) do not affect an epidemic process in typhus and so pediculosis should be identified by the species of lice.10aadaptation10aadolescent10aadult10aanimals10achild10aEnglish Abstract10ahost parasite10ahumans10aLice Infestations/parasitology/transmission10aPediculus10aRussia1 aKhudobin, V., V. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/adaptive-potentials-human-head-and-clothes-lice-when-parasitizing-man01844nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001400041245005900055210005900114260001700173300001400190490000700204520113800211653001201349653000901361653001501370653002101385653001801406653001501424100001801439700002101457700001601478700001601494856008001510 1996 eng d a0043-516300aObservations on the vitality of lice from dead pigeons0 aObservations on the vitality of lice from dead pigeons aPOLANDc1996 a337 - 3470 v423 aExperiments were carried out in July, September, October 1993 and January 1994 on 48 dead pigeons kept in cold storage (refrigerating machine) and at a window. The behaviour of Mallophaga was observed. The insects left the feather after the cooling of the bird body, usually after 24 hours. The process lasted 3 days in cold storage conditions, while in outdoor (open-air) environment the Mallophaga were still alive for another 14 days. The vitality of Mallophaga is bigger in open-air, in moderately higher temperature and in warmer seasons of the year. The examined representants of three species dominating in infestation demonstrated varying suitability for survival in harder conditions. The reaction of Hohorstiella gigantea lata (PIAG.) to the drop of temperature was the fastest, while Columbicola columbae columbae (L.) reacted more slowly and the reaction of the Campanulotes bidentatus compar (BURM.) was the slowest. Also the reaction of larvae to falling temperatures was faster that that of the adult forms.
Paper in Polish, title: Obserwacje nad zywotnoscia wszolow z martwych golebi
10aanimals10abody10aColumbidae10aEnglish Abstract10ahost parasite10aMallophaga1 aPetryszak, A.1 aRosciszewska, M.1 aBonczar, Z.1 aSzwalec, R. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46306.pdf01684nas a2200289 4500008004100000020001400041245003600055210003600091260001700127300001400144490000700158520094100165653001201106653001301118653001501131653001701146653002101163653001801184653001501202653001101217653002401228100002101252700001801273700001601291700001301307856007401320 1996 eng d a0043-516300aMallophaga of pigeons in Cracow0 aMallophaga of pigeons in Cracow aPOLANDc1996 a235 - 2420 v423 aInfestation of Columba livia domestica GMELIN with Mallophaga has been investigated in both, breeding and feral pigeons. All pigeons came from the area of Cracow. Five species of Mallophaga have been distinguished: Columbicola columbae columbae (L.), Campanulotes bidentatus compar (BURM.), Coloceras damicornis fahrenholzi EICHLER, Hohorstiella gigantea lata (PIAG.), Neocolpocephalum (Neocolpocephalum) turbinatum (DENNY). It appeared that the first two of the above-mentioned species showed the highest intensity of occurrence. The most frequent was the mixed invasion of these two species. Research on infestation with Mallophaga with regard to the origin of pigeons showed bigger infestation of breeding pigeons, besides, the females were more intensively infested that the males. The higher degree of infestation occurred in old and weak pigeons.
Paper in PolisH, title: Wszoly u golebi z Krakowa
10aanimals10abreeding10aColumbidae10aectoparasite10aEnglish Abstract10ahost parasite10aMallophaga10aPoland10aSpecies Specificity1 aRosciszewska, M.1 aPetryszak, A.1 aBonczar, Z.1 aDuda, M. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/mallophaga-pigeons-cracow01470nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001400041245011500055210006900170260001700239300001400256490000700270520064900277653001200926653001900938653001200957653002100969653001800990653003501008653002401043100002601067700002401093700001901117856008001136 1997 eng d a0043-516300aQualitative and quantitative study of biting lice (Mallophaga) from selected species of Charadriiformes (Aves)0 aQualitative and quantitative study of biting lice Mallophaga fro aPOLANDc1997 a195 - 2060 v433 aPaper in Polish, Title: Studium jakosciowe i ilosciowe nad wszolami [Mallophaga] z wybranych przedstawicieli rzedu Charadriiformes [Aves]
Biting lice were collected (mostly in Poland) from 15 species of Charadriiformes (Charadriidae, Scolopacidae, Laridae and Alcidae). We tried to determine the frequency of occurrence of particular species of Mallophaga. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of co-occurrence of external parasites (Mallophaga and some Astigmata) was also carried out. We stated that inter-species competition is not significant in shaping the fauna of external parasites of Charadriiformes.
10aanimals10aBird parasites10aecology10aEnglish Abstract10ahost parasite10aLice/classification/physiology10aSpecies Specificity1 aZłotorzycka, Jadwiga1 aModrzejewska, Maria1 aTowarnicka, I. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46277.PDF02168nas a2200313 4500008004100000020001400041245008100055210006900136260001800205300001300223490001400236520118000250653001201430653001301442653004601455653002001501653001801521653001101539653003201550653002001582653003701602653004101639653001301680653001001693653001101703653001601714100001401730856011001744 1998 eng d a0031-182000aThe neglected saliva: medically important toxins in the saliva of human lice0 aneglected saliva medically important toxins in the saliva of hum aENGLANDc1998 aS73 - 810 v116 Suppl3 aAlthough there has been a great deal of research effort within the last two decades on identifying the active components of the saliva of blood-sucking ticks, mosquitoes, biting flies, fleas and bugs, essentially neglected have been the human lice. Despite initial reports in the early part of this century suggestive of vasodilatory, anticoagulant and immunosuppressive properties of the saliva, for the next 50 years there were no biochemical studies on the active principles. Very recently, anatomical and biochemical studies have begun to characterize the bioactive molecules in lice saliva. The louse stocks a salivary vasodilator in excess over what is needed for a single bite, and injects similar amounts at each successive bite. The vasodilator in lice saliva appears to have different pharmacological properties than peroxidative, oxidative and maxidilan types of vasodilators reported from other blood-sucking insects. Possible anticoagulant activities have also been characterized. This belated, but welcome, interest comes at a time of resurgence of lice-born disease in certain parts of Africa, and of resistance to chemical control in Europe and North America.10aanimals10aAnoplura10aAnticoagulants/metabolism/therapeutic use10aDisease Vectors10ahost parasite10ahumans10aLice/chemistry/microbiology10aRelapsing Fever10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.10asalivary10atoxin10atyphus10avasodilator1 aJones, D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/neglected-saliva-medically-important-toxins-saliva-human-lice01682nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001400041245008200055210006900137260002400206300001400230490000800244520082100252653001201073653001801085653004601103653002501149653001501174653002301189653001401212653003301226653002601259100002801285856011501313 1998 eng d a0025-556400aJungles: a new solution to the host/parasite phylogeny reconciliation problem0 aJungles a new solution to the hostparasite phylogeny reconciliat aUNITED STATESc1998 a191 - 2230 v1493 aThe problem of finding least-cost reconstructions of past host/parasite associations, given the phylogenetic histories of a set of host taxa and of their associated parasites, is known to be complex. I provide in this article a new method of implicitly listing all the potentially optimal solutions to the problem, by considering each hypothesised past association individually, in a structure I have termed a Jungle. These structures are demonstrated to enable fast acquisition of globally optimal solutions under general weighting schemes, including minimisation of total number of postulated events and maximization of postulated cospeciation events. A simple example is given, and the pocket gopher/chewing louse system investigated by Hafner and Nadler [Hafner and Nadler, Nature 332 (1988) 258] is re-examined.10aanimals10ahost parasite10aLice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary10aLikelihood Functions10aMallophaga10aModels, Biological10aPhylogeny10aRodent Diseases/parasitology10aRodentia/parasitology1 aCharleston, Michael, A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/jungles-new-solution-hostparasite-phylogeny-reconciliation-problem02011nas a2200289 4500008004100000020001400041245005800055210005600113260000900169300001400178490000700192520114700199653001201346653001801358653000801376653001801384653002001402653002001422653002301442653004501465653004101510653002601551100002401577700001601601700001501617856008901632 2000 eng d a0014-382000aA Bayesian framework for the analysis of cospeciation0 aBayesian framework for the analysis of cospeciation c2000 a352 - 3640 v543 aInformation on the history of cospeciation and host switching for a group of host and parasite species is contained in the DNA sequences sampled from each. Here, we develop a Bayesian framework for the analysis of cospeciation. We suggest a simple model of host switching by a parasite on a host phylogeny in which host switching events are assumed to occur at a constant rate over the entire evolutionary history of associated hosts and parasites. The posterior probability density of the parameters of the model of host switching are evaluated numerically using Markov chain Monte Carlo. In particular, the method generates the probability density of the number of host switches and of the host switching rate. Moreover, the method provides information on the probability that an event of host switching is associated with a particular pair of branches. A Bayesian approach has several advantages over other methods for the analysis of cospeciation. In particular, it does not assume that the host or parasite phylogenies are known without error; many alternative phylogenies are sampled in proportion to their probability of being correct.10aanimals10aBayes Theorem10adna10ahost parasite10aLice/physiology10aModels, Genetic10aMonte Carlo Method10aResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.10aResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.10aRodentia/parasitology1 aHuelsenbeck, J., P.1 aRannala, B.1 aLarget, B. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/bayesian-framework-analysis-cospeciation02613nas a2200313 4500008004100000020001400041245011200055210006900167260001800236300001400254490000700268520166600275653001201941653001801953653000901971653001401980653001801994653003302012653001402045653003702059653002802096653001302124653001402137100002502151700001902176700001902195700002202214856006302236 2000 eng d a1063-515700aSeabird and louse coevolution: complex histories revealed by 12S rRNA sequences and reconciliation analyses0 aSeabird and louse coevolution complex histories revealed by 12S aEnglandc2000 a383 - 3990 v493 aWe investigated the coevolutionary history of seabirds (orders Procellariiformes and Sphenisciformes) and their lice (order Phthiraptera). Independent trees were produced for the seabirds (tree derived from 12S ribosomal RNA, isoenzyme, and behavioral data) and their lice (trees derived from 12S rRNA data). Brook's parsimony analysis (BPA) supported a general history of cospeciation (consistency index = 0.84, retention index = 0.81). We inferred that the homoplasy in the BPA was caused by one intrahost speciation, one potential host-switching, and eight or nine sorting events. Using reconciliation analysis, we quantified the cost of fitting the louse tree onto the seabird tree. The reconciled trees postulated one host-switching, nine cospeciation, three or four intrahost speciation, and 11 to 14 sorting events. The number of cospeciation events was significantly more than would be expected from chance alone (P < 0.01). The sequence data were used to test for rate heterogeneity for both seabirds and lice. Neither data set displayed significant rate heterogeneity. An examination of the codivergent nodes revealed that seabirds and lice have cospeciated synchronously and that lice have evolved at approximately 5.5 times the rate of seabirds. The degree of sequence divergence supported some of the postulated intrahost speciation events (e.g., Halipeurus predated the evolution of their present hosts). The sequence data also supported some of the postulated host-switching events. These results demonstrate the value of sequence data and reconciliation analyses in unraveling complex histories between hosts and their parasites.
10aanimals10aBase Sequence10abird10aEvolution10ahost parasite10aLice/classification/genetics10aPhylogeny10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aRNA, Ribosomal/genetics10aSeawater10avariation1 aPaterson, Adrian, M.1 aWallis, G., P.1 aWallis, L., J.1 aGray, Russell, D. uhttp://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/content/49/3/383.full.pdf01275nas a2200253 4500008004100000245005300041210005000094260000900144300001400153490000700167520055400174653001200728653002500740653001800765653000900783653002400792653001400816653003700830653001300867100001700880700001900897700001400916856009100930 2002 eng d00aA statistical test for host-parasite coevolution0 astatistical test for hostparasite coevolution c2002 a217 - 2340 v513 aA new method, ParaFit, has been developed to test the significance of a global hypothesis of coevolution between parasites and their hosts. Individual host-parasite association links can also be tested. The test statistics are functions of the host and parasite phylogenetic trees and of the set of host-parasite association links. Numerical simulations are used to show that the method has correct rate of type I error and good power except under extreme error conditions. An application to real data (pocket gophers and chewing lice) is presented.10aanimals10aEvolution, Molecular10ahost parasite10alice10aModels, Statistical10aPhylogeny10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10arodentia1 aLegendre, P.1 aDesdevises, Y.1 aBazin, E. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/statistical-test-host-parasite-coevolution02530nas a2200265 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260000900189300001600198490000700214520177200221653001201993653001902005653001402024653001202038653001802050653001102068653003002079653001702109653003702126100002202163700001802185700002002203856004102223 2002 eng d00aVernon Kellogg, host-switching, and cospeciation: rescuing straggled ideas0 aVernon Kellogg hostswitching and cospeciation rescuing straggled c2002 a1045 - 10480 v883 aCospeciation and host-switching have become central concepts in host–parasite coevolutionary studies (Brooks, 1981; Hafner and Nadler, 1988, 1990; Brooks and McLennan, 1993; Page, 1993, 1994). Parasite speciation may either be concomitant with and resulting from host speciation (cospeciation) or follow the colonization of a ‘‘new’’ host from an existing one (host-switching). Historical summaries that deal with these concepts (Klassen, 1992; Brooks and McLennan, 1993; Hoberg et al., 1997) credit the origin of one or both of these concepts to Vernon Lyman Kellogg, an entomologist at Stanford, who specialized on the taxonomy and distribution of the mallophagan lice of birds and mammals.The issue is not without its intrigue and controversy however; another leading mallophagan systematist of the time, Wolfdietrich Eichler (Eichler, 1942, 1948), apparently accused Kellogg of ‘‘stealing’’ the idea of cospeciation from Fahrenholz (Klassen, 1992). According to Klassen (1992), the issue is settled in favor of Kellogg because he had the idea before Fahrenholz did. During the course of research on the logic and implications of the host–parasite method in biogeography, see Marques (2000), for example, it was discovered that Kellogg did not ascribe any evolutionary significance to ‘straggling,’ nor did he address cospeciation until he became aware of Fahrenholz’s work. The present critical comment discusses these conclusions. In supporting our contentions, Kellogg’s own writings have been quoted extensively because this approach leaves little room for misinterpretation and allows the readers to judge for themselves the validity of the conclusions reached here.
10aanimals10aBird parasites10aEvolution10ahistory10ahost parasite10ahumans10aLice/growth & development10aParasitology10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't1 aChoudhury, Anindo1 aMoore, B., R.1 aMarques, F., L. uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/328556000758nas a2200265 4500008004100000020001400041245003800055210003800093260001800131300003000149490000700179653001200186653000900198653001200207653001400219653002600233653001800259653002200277653003000299653002200329653003100351653001300382100001500395856008200410 2003 eng d a1471-492200aUnderstanding parasite strategies0 aUnderstanding parasite strategies aEnglandc2003 a15 - 6; author reply 16-70 v1910aanimals10abird10aecology10aEvolution10aFeathers/parasitology10ahost parasite10alice infestations10aLice/growth & development10aMite Infestations10aMites/growth & development10aparasite1 aJovani, R. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/understanding-parasite-strategies03273nas a2200361 4500008004100000020001400041245012200055210006900177260001700246300001400263490000700277520213200284653001202416653002202428653001702450653002102467653001002488653001802498653001102516653000902527653002802536653001002564653002302574653002402597653001202621653002402633100002402657700002002681700002302701700002302724700002302747856014102770 2002 eng d a0031-184700aStructure and seasonal dynamics of the biotic community ectoparasites of the bank vole in the Il'men'-Volkhov lowland0 aStructure and seasonal dynamics of the biotic community ectopara aRussiac2002 a433 - 4460 v363 aA biodiversity, seasonal dynamics and parasite load of a single individual and local population of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) were studied in coniferous and mixed forests of the Ilmen-Volkhov lowland (neighborhood of Oskuy village, Chudovo region, Novgorod Province) in the period from June 1999 till May 2002. The Gero's traps were used for collecting the host. Lines of traps stood in each place during 3-5 days and were checked twice a day. Trapping of micromammalian hosts and collecting of parasites took place each month, except a few gaps. Total number of collected animals 2854 including 1405 bank voles. The 29 ectoparasite species were recorded on the bank vole in the area of study. Among some mites and fleas a few species are accidental parasites probably accepted by voles from other species of animals. In the Oskuy area, the bank voles are the main and additional hosts of 25 ectoparasite species: fleas--8, lice--1, ixodid ticks--2, gamasid mites--7, acariform mites 7. Species composition of ectoparasites, their occurrence and abundance change during the year. Seasonal changes of abundance and occurrence indices are most expressed in the temporary ectoparasites (ixodid ticks, chiggers, gamasid mites), while in the permanent parasites (lice, acariform mites: Myobiidae, Myocoptidae, Listrophoridae), the seasonal fluctuations of indices are displayed in a less scale. Most vole specimens were infected with this or that ectoparasite species. The parasitocenosis on an individual specimen usually included less than 10 species of the total number 29 species recorded on the bank vole in the area investigated. One ectoparasite species was recorded on 21% of host specimens, 2-5 ectoparasite species were found on 71% of host individuals. Maximal number of ectoparasite species (10 species) was registered on one specimen only. The parasite load was dispersed unevenly among the infected voles. Mean number of parasites of all species on a host individual varied from 124 to 295. The highest grade of parasites (237-297 parasite specimens) was found in the voles with 7-10 species of parasites.10aanimals10aComparative Study10aectoparasite10aEnglish Abstract10afleas10ahost parasite10aIxodes10alice10aMicrotinae/parasitology10amites10apopulation density10aRussia/epidemiology10aSeasons10aSpecies Specificity1 aBalashov, I., U. S.1 aBochkov, A., V.1 aVashchenok, V., S.1 aGrigor'eva, L., A.1 aTret'iakov, K., A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/structure-and-seasonal-dynamics-biotic-community-ectoparasites-bank-vole-ilmen-volkhov-lowla03233nas a2200337 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260000900221300001200230490000700242520213200249653002102381653001202402653000902414653001802423653000902441653004802450653002602498653001802524653005902542653002402601653007202625653002502697653001502722653001502737653003702752653002102789100002502810700001802835856004202853 2004 eng d00aGeographical structuring of feather mite assemblages from the Australian brush-turkey (Aves: Megapodiidae)0 aGeographical structuring of feather mite assemblages from the Au c2004 a60 - 660 v903 aPopulations of a host species may exhibit different assemblages of parasites and other symbionts. The loss of certain species of symbionts (lineage sorting, or "missing-the-boat") is a mechanism by which geographical variation in symbiont assemblages can arise. We studied feather mites and lice from Australian brush-turkeys (Aves: Megapodiidae: Alectura lathami) and expected to observe geographical structuring in arthropod assemblages for several reasons. First, because the brush-turkey is a sedentary ground-dwelling bird, we predicted that geographically close host populations should share more similar arthropod assemblages than distant ones. Second, because brush-turkeys do not brood their young, vertical transfer of arthropods is unlikely, and brush-turkeys probably acquire their mites and lice at social maturity through contact with other birds. Young birds could disperse and found new populations without carrying complete sets of symbionts. We predicted that young birds would have fewer species of arthropods than older birds; in addition, we expected that males (which are polygynous) would have more species than females. Birds were sampled from 12 sites (=populations) along the east coast of Queensland, Australia, that were separated by a distance of 12.5-2,005 km. In total, 5 species of mites from the Pterolichidae and 1 species from the Ascouracaridae were found. Two species of lice were collected but in numbers too low to be statistically useful. Differentiation of mite assemblages was evident; in particular, Leipobius sp. showed 100% prevalence in 3 host populations and 0% in the remaining 9. A dendrogram of brush-turkey populations based on mite assemblages showed 2 geographically correlated clusters of sites, plus 1 cluster that contained 2 sites near Brisbane and 1 approximately at a distance of 1,000 km. There was no strong effect of host age or sex on number of mite species carried. Horizontal transfer of feather mites by hippoboscid flies, in addition to physical contact between hosts, may play a role in homogenizing symbiont assemblages within populations.
10aAge Distribution10aanimals10abird10abird diseases10abody10aDisease Transmission, Horizontal/veterinary10aFeathers/parasitology10ahost parasite10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary10aLice/classification10aMite Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission/veterinary10aMites/classification10aPrevalence10aQueensland10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aSex Distribution1 aProctor, Heather, C.1 aJones, D., N. uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3286125 01032nas a2200289 4500008004100000245017200041210006900213260000900282300001400291490000700305653001200312653001800324653001300342653001800355653003500373653003000408653002300438653001300461653003700474653005300511100002800564700001900592700001700611700001800628700002400646856007200670 2003 eng d00aPath coefficient analysis of correlation between breeding cycles of the common myna Acridotheres tristis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) and its phthirapteran ectoparasites0 aPath coefficient analysis of correlation between breeding cycles c2003 a315 - 3160 v5010aanimals10abird diseases10abreeding10ahost parasite10aLice Infestations/parasitology10aLice/growth & development10aModels, Biological10aparasite10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aSongbirds/classification/parasitology/physiology1 aSrivastava, Roshani, K.1 aKumar, Sandeep1 aGupta, Nidhi1 aSingh, S., K.1 aSaxena, Arun, Kumar uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/8860.pdf02438nas a2200301 4500008004100000245014500041210006900186260000900255300001600264490000700280520142300287653001201710653001801722653001901740653001201759653001401771653001801785653003301803653002801836653001401864653003701878653004501915100002801960700002801988700002302016700002502039856007202064 2004 eng d00aDifferences in straggling rates between genera of dove lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) reinforce population genetic and cophylogenetic patterns0 aDifferences in straggling rates between genera of dove lice Inse c2004 a1113 - 11190 v343 aDifferences in dispersal abilities have been implicated for causing disparate evolutionary patterns between Columbicola and Physconelloides lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). However, no study has documented straggling (when lice are found on atypical hosts) rates within these lineages. We used the fact that the Galapagos Hawk, Buteo galapagoensis (Gould) (Falconiformes) feeds on the Galapagos Dove Zenaida galapagoensis Gould (Columbiformes) within an ecologically simplified setting. The Galapagos Dove is the only typical host of Columbicola macrourae (Wilson) and Physconelloides galapagensis (Kellogg and Huwana) in Galapagos. We quantitatively sampled and found these lice on both bird species. A DNA barcoding approach confirmed that stragglers were derived from Galapagos doves. We also collected a Bovicola sp. louse, likely originating from a goat (Capra hircus). On hawks, C. macrourae was significantly more prevalent than P. galapagensis. On doves, the two lice were equally prevalent and abundant. Differences in prevalence on hawks was a function of differences in straggling rate between lice, and not a reflection of their relative representation within the dove population. This provides further evidence that differences in dispersal abilities may drive differences in the degree of cospeciation in Columbicola and Phyconelloides lice, which have become model systems in evolutionary biology.
10aanimals10aBase Sequence10aBird parasites10aEcuador10aEvolution10ahost parasite10aLice/classification/genetics10aMolecular Sequence Data10aPhylogeny10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.1 aWhiteman, Noah, Kerness1 aSantiago-Alarcon, Diego1 aJohnson, Kevin, P.1 aParker, Patricia, G. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/5618.pdf02417nas a2200373 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260000900209300001400218490000700232520135000239653001601589653001601605653001601621653001401637653001101651653001601662653000901678653001201687653001801699653001101717653001601728653001301744653001301757653001201770653001601782100001801798700001601816700001901832700001801851700001601869700001901885856013901904 2002 eng d00aInvestigating patterns may reveal processes: evolutionary ecology of ectoparasitic monogeneans0 aInvestigating patterns may reveal processes evolutionary ecology c2002 a111 - 1190 v323 aWe reviewed several published and ongoing studies concerning monogenean communities. Patterns of species richness, host specificity, community structure and host-parasite coevolutionary interaction were carefully analysed, and hypotheses of evolutionary processes are proposed. The structuring of monogenean communities seems to be related to both ecological and historical constraints. The database supports an absence of intra- and interspecific competition in monogeneans. Species richness seems to be more due to host characteristics than to parasite interactions. Monogeneans seem to specialise on large hosts, leading to greater species richness on those hosts. The morphometric evolution of attachment and copulatory organs support the hypothesis of a reproductive segregation among conspecifics parasitising the same host(s). It also suggests the existence of concurrent adaptive and non-adaptive processes. The general absence of a coevolutionary pattern between host and parasites also suggests the constraints of history without dismissing the influences of ecological factors in the structuring of the communities. More generally, we strengthen the need to study the structure of communities in a phylogenetic context. (C) 2002 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
10acoevolution10acommunities10acompetition10aDiversity10afishes10afresh water10agill10ahistory10ahost parasite10amarine10amonogeneans10aparasite10arichness10aspecies10aspecificity1 aMorand, Serge1 aSimkova, A.1 aMatejusova, I.1 aPlaisance, L.1 aVerneau, O.1 aDesdevises, Y. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/investigating-patterns-may-reveal-processes-evolutionary-ecology-ectoparasitic-monogeneans02278nas a2200409 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260000900231300001400240490000700254520118500261653001001446653001601456653001301472653002001485653001401505653001401519653000801533653000901541653001801550653001101568653001101579653002001590653001601610653001801626653001301644653001401657653001901671653001501690653001601705653001601721100001801737700001801755700001501773700001901788856006101807 2001 eng d00aHost specificity of a generalist parasite: genetic evidence of sympatric host races in the seabird tick Ixodes uriae0 aHost specificity of a generalist parasite genetic evidence of sy c2001 a395 - 4050 v143 aDue to the close association between parasites and their hosts, many 'generalist' parasites have a high potential to become specialized on different host species. We investigated this hypothesis for a common ectoparasite of seabirds, the tick Ixodes uriae that is often found in mixed host sites. We examined patterns of neutral genetic variation between ticks collected from Black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) in sympatry. To control for a potential distance effect, values were compared to differences among ticks from the same host in nearby monospecific sites. As predicted, there was higher genetic differentiation between ticks from different sympatric host species than between ticks from nearby allopatric populations of the same host species. Patterns suggesting isolation by distance were found among tick populations of each host group, but no such patterns existed between tick populations of different hosts. Overall, results suggest that host-related selection pressures have led to the specialization of I. uriae and that host race formation may be an important diversifying mechanism in parasites.
10aapple10acoevolution10acolonial10adifferentiation10adispersal10aEvolution10afly10ahost10ahost parasite10aIxodes10amaggot10amicrosatellites10apopulations10asanta rosalia10aseabirds10aselection10aspecialization10aspeciation10aspecificity10asubdivision1 aMcCoy, K., D.1 aBoulinier, T.1 aTirard, C.1 aMichalakis, Y. uhttps://mivegec.ird.fr/images/stories/PDF_files/0262.pdf02159nas a2200469 4500008004100000245014100041210006900182260000900251300001400260490000700274520073700281653001301018653001601031653001701047653001001064653001401074653001701088653000801105653001401113653001601127653001401143653001101157653001101168653001801179653000901197653001301206653001501219653001401234653001601248653001401264653001101278653001301289653001501302653001801317653001801335653001301353653000901366653001001375653001901385100002501404856026001429 1996 eng d00aTemporal congruence revisited: comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in cospeciating pocket gophers and their chewing lice0 aTemporal congruence revisited comparison of mitochondrial DNA se c1996 a151 - 1670 v453 aMolecular phylogenies can be used to test hypotheses of cospeciation between hosts and parasites by comparing both cladistic relationships and branch lengths. Molecular data can also help discriminate between competing reconstructions of the history of the host-parasite association. Methods for comparing sequence divergence in hosts and parasites are described and applied to data for pocket gophers and their chewing lice. The hypothesis of cospeciation between these two clades is strongly supported. The lengths of homologous branches in the gopher and louse phylogenies are positively correlated, but there is little support for the hypothesis that lice are evolving an order of magnitude faster than are their hosts.
10aanalysis10aassemblages10aChewing lice10aclock10acomponent10acospeciation10adna10aEvolution10ageomydoecus10aGeomyidae10aGeomys10agopher10ahost parasite10alice10alineages10aMallophaga10amolecular10aOrthogeomys10aPhylogeny10apocket10asequence10aspeciation10asubstitutions10athomomydoecus10athomomys10atree10atrees10atrichodectidae1 aPage, Roderic, D. M. uhttp://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/sysbio/45/2/10.1093/sysbio/45.2.151/2/45-2-151.pdf?Expires=1485178998&Signature=Ot51qtPL0yKCXIoYGaXyDHFhW32zncDUkaJP357f8CU5td~btGv15S2jmYH8DOK8nSGL1a66mMoOQflCg02Fs47sv~qKstzYpYsm6kbvwqnA02016nas a2200217 4500008004100000245006700041210006600108260000900174300001400183490000700197520140400204653001301608653001301621653001401634653001801648653001401666653001501680653001101695100002001706856007201726 1999 eng d00aHost-ectoparasite relationships among North American chipmunks0 aHostectoparasite relationships among North American chipmunks c1999 a225 - 2310 v443 aA review of the fleas and lice of the Nearctic chipmunks indicates that North American chipmunks, Neotamias and Tamias, have had separate histories; and that one has not been derived directly from the other. The western chipmunks (Neotamias) have in common a species assemblage of sucking lice and fleas, and the single eastern species, Tamias striatus (Linnaeus, 1758), has distinctive species of fleas which do not generally occur on other small mammals; none of the lice or fleas on T. striatus occcurs on the western chipmunks. This dichotomy of distribution of external parasites on these chipmunks indicates a very long separation of the hosts, and could not occur if one group had been directly derived from the other. Chipmunks in western North America, on the basis of the molecular evidence and distribution of sucking lice and fleas, are most logically placed in the genus Neotamias. Such an arrangement is consistent with the morphological, molecular, and parasitological evidence, and suggests a plausible history and relationship of the three groups of chipmunks. The fossil distribution of North American chipmunks indicates an early movement from Asia in the Oligocene, and a scarcity or absence of chipmunks from the middle Miocene until the Pleistocene. Both Tamias striatus and species of Neotamias are probably a product of two Pleistocene movements across the Bering connection.10achipmunk10aEutamias10aEvolution10ahost parasite10aNeotamias10aspeciation10aTamias1 aJameson, E., W. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/2192.pdf02359nas a2200265 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160260000900229300001400238490000700252520158600259653001101845653001301856653001701869653000901886653001801895653001601913653001001929653001401939653001301953100001201966700002001978700002201998856007302020 1999 eng d00aThe ectoparasites of the European badger, Meles meles, and the behavior of the host-specific flea, Paraceras melis0 aectoparasites of the European badger Meles meles and the behavio c1999 a245 - 2650 v123 aThe badger-specific flea, Paraceras melis, jumps repeatedly when separated from its host Meles meles; thereafter fleas settled into sheltered positions. After separation from badgers, some 42% of fleas (n = 63) voided their gut contents; this was associated with a significant increase in mean jumping distance. The maximum longevity of fleas away from the host was 89 days, with 50% mortality at around 35 days. Badger lice, Trichodectes melis, survived for up to 3 days postcapture. We conclude that the badger's habit of frequently swapping dens with a mean period of return of 6 days is unlikely to bring about significant mortality of adult fleas but may effectively eradicate lice. Fleas abandoned in "bedding" in a simulated badger sett were mobile, being drawn toward light and moving upward. This response would draw the fleas to the den entrance, which may be a suitable site to intercept returning badgers. The fleas responded to stimuli which might signal the proximity of the host: they jumped toward sources of carbon dioxide and of carbon dioxide in air current directed at the flea. The strongest response was seen when a mixture of stimuli consisting of carbon dioxide, a dark circle of card, and movement were tested; the majority of fleas jumped toward the mixed stimulus. Finally peas separated from the host responded to exhaled air by running and jumping; this is in marked contrast to their response to those stimuli when on the host, when fleas run downward and very rarely jump. These contrasting observations find adaptive explanation in the two contexts.10abadger10aBehavior10aectoparasite10aflea10ahost parasite10aMeles meles10amelis10aParaceras10aparasite1 aCox, R.1 aStewart, P., D.1 aMacdonald, D., W. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/37895.pdf01666nas a2200385 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260000900226300001400235490000700249520060200256653001700858653001000875653001600885653002000901653001400921653001200935653001400947653001100961653001800972653001100990653000901001653001101010653001101021653001601032653001301048653001001061100002101071700002401092700002201116700002701138700002301165700002301188856006901211 1998 eng d00aAge and movement of a hybrid zone: Implications for dispersal distance in pocket gophers and their chewing lice0 aAge and movement of a hybrid zone Implications for dispersal dis c1998 a278 - 2820 v523 aHistorical flood records for the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico suggest that a pocket gopher (Thomomys bonae) hybrid zone previously thought to be 10,000 years old may actually be closer to 50 years old. Measured zone width (defined genetically) is consistent with the hypothesis of recent contact, if we assume a reasonable dispersal distance of approximately 400 m/year for pocket gophers. A five-year study of movement of the contact zone between the two species of chewing lice that parasitize these pocket gophers also is consistent with the hypothesis of recent origin of the zone.
10aChewing lice10acline10acoevolution10adifferentiation10adispersal10agenetic10aGeomyidae10agopher10ahost parasite10ahybrid10alice10amodels10apocket10apopulations10arodentia10azones1 aHafner, Mark, S.1 aDemastes, James, W.1 aHafner, David, J.1 aSpradling, Theresa, A.1 aSudman, Philip, D.1 aNadler, Steven, A. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2410946?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents00598nam a2200181 4500008004100000245006500041210006300106260005300169300001500222653000900237653001600246653001400262653001800276653001300294100002200307700001800329856006900347 1997 eng d00aHost-parasite evolution: general principles and avian models0 aHostparasite evolution general principles and avian models aOxford ; New YorkbOxford University Pressc1997 axiii + 47310abird10acoevolution10aEvolution10ahost parasite10aparasite1 aClayton, Dale, H.1 aMoore, Janice uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38910.pdf01802nas a2200277 4500008004100000245014400041210006900185260000900254300001400263490000700277520099100284653001401275653001801289653001101307653001201318653000901330653000801339653001101347653001801358653000801376653001701384653001501401653001301416100002301429856007201452 1994 eng d00aThe identity of Nirmus obtusus and other Quadraceps species (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Clipperton Island and the Galàpagos Islands0 aidentity of Nirmus obtusus and other Quadraceps species Phthirap c1994 a267 - 2760 v243 aThe identity of Nirmus obtusus Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902 is clarified based on the examination of its holotype, relavent literature and other lice samples from several species of other Charadriiform birds. The host louse association between N. obtusus and its type host (Sterna fuscata crissalis (Lawrence, 1872)) is discussed and deduced to be erroneous. The birds Tringa incana (Gmelin, 1789) and Tringa totanus (Linnaeus, 1758) are regarded as regular hosts for N. obustus, and evidence is presented supporting the opinion that T. incanas was the original natural host for the holotype of N. obtusus. The present status for this louse species is Quadraceps obustus (Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902); Degeeriella conformis Blagoveshtchensky, 1940 is regarded as the junior synonym (new synonym). Specimens of five other species of Quadraceps including Kellogg & Kuwana's material are compared with Q. obustus and discussed in relation to their hosts and locality records.
10aGalapagos10ahost parasite10aisland10aIslands10amtax10anew10aNirmus10aPhilopteridae10aPHP10aPhthiraptera10aQuadraceps10asynonomy1 aPalma, Ricardo, L. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0020.pdf02121nas a2200301 4500008004100000245016700041210006900208260000900277300001400286490000700300520120000307653001601507653001701523653001201540653001701552653001401569653001401583653001801597653000901615653001501624653001101639653001301650653001101663100002501674700002101699700002701720856007201747 1995 eng d00aPhylogeny of Geomydoecus and Thomomydoecus pocket gopher lice (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) inferred from cladistic analysis of adult and first instar morphology0 aPhylogeny of Geomydoecus and Thomomydoecus pocket gopher lice Ph c1995 a129 - 1430 v203 aThe phylogeny of all 122 species of chewing lice of the genera Geomydoecus and Thomomydoecus (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) hosted by pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) is estimated by a cladistic analysis of fifty-eight morphological characters obtained from adults and first instars. The data set has considerable homoplasy, but still contains phylogenetic information. The phylogeny obtained is moderately resolved and, with some notable exceptions supports the species complexes proposed by Hellenthal and Price over the last two decades. The subgenera of G. (Thaelerius) and T. (Thomomydoecus)are both shown to be monophyletic , but the monophyly of subgenus T. (Jamespattonius) could not be confirmed, perhaps due to the lack of first instar data for one of its component species. The nominate subgenus of Geomydoecus may be monophyletic, but our cadogram was insufficiently resolved to corroberate this. Mapping the pocket gopher hosts on to the phylogeny reveals a consistant pattern of louse clades being restricted to particular genera or subgenera of gophers, but the history of the host-parasite association appears complex and will require considerable effort to resolve.
10aassemblages10aChewing lice10acomplex10acospeciation10aEvolution10aGeomyidae10ahost parasite10alice10aMallophaga10amexico10arodentia10aU.S.A.1 aPage, Roderic, D. M.1 aPrice, Roger, D.1 aHellenthal, Ronald, A. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0003.pdf