02613nas a2200313   4500008004100000020001400041245011200055210006900167260001800236300001400254490000700268520166600275653001201941653001801953653000901971653001401980653001801994653003302012653001402045653003702059653002802096653001302124653001402137100002502151700001902176700001902195700002202214856006302236       2000                        eng d  a1063-515700aSeabird and louse coevolution: complex histories revealed by 12S rRNA sequences and reconciliation analyses0 aSeabird and louse coevolution complex histories revealed by 12S   aEnglandc2000  a383 - 3990 v493 a<p>We investigated the coevolutionary history of seabirds (orders Procellariiformes and Sphenisciformes) and their lice (order Phthiraptera). Independent trees were produced for the seabirds (tree derived from 12S ribosomal RNA, isoenzyme, and behavioral data) and their lice (trees derived from 12S rRNA data). Brook&#39;s parsimony analysis (BPA) supported a general history of cospeciation (consistency index = 0.84, retention index = 0.81). We inferred that the homoplasy in the BPA was caused by one intrahost speciation, one potential host-switching, and eight or nine sorting events. Using reconciliation analysis, we quantified the cost of fitting the louse tree onto the seabird tree. The reconciled trees postulated one host-switching, nine cospeciation, three or four intrahost speciation, and 11 to 14 sorting events. The number of cospeciation events was significantly more than would be expected from chance alone (P &lt; 0.01). The sequence data were used to test for rate heterogeneity for both seabirds and lice. Neither data set displayed significant rate heterogeneity. An examination of the codivergent nodes revealed that seabirds and lice have cospeciated synchronously and that lice have evolved at approximately 5.5 times the rate of seabirds. The degree of sequence divergence supported some of the postulated intrahost speciation events (e.g., Halipeurus predated the evolution of their present hosts). The sequence data also supported some of the postulated host-switching events. These results demonstrate the value of sequence data and reconciliation analyses in unraveling complex histories between hosts and their parasites.</p>
10aanimals10aBase Sequence10abird10aEvolution10ahost parasite10aLice/classification/genetics10aPhylogeny10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aRNA, Ribosomal/genetics10aSeawater10avariation1 aPaterson, Adrian, M.1 aWallis, G., P.1 aWallis, L., J.1 aGray, Russell, D.  uhttp://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/content/49/3/383.full.pdf