02862nas a2200289   4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260000900196300001400205490000700219520195500226653001202181653001402193653001002207653002102217653002802238653001102266653006902277653001402346653001502360653003702375653002102412653001602433100002002449700002102469856008202490       1999                        eng d00aHead lice in pupils of a primary school in Australia and implications for control0 aHead lice in pupils of a primary school in Australia and implica  c1999  a285 - 2900 v383 a<p>BACKGROUND: Anecdotal reports suggest that head lice infestations are a common problem in school-aged children in Australia; however, only a few data are available. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of infestation with head lice in children in an urban Australian school. METHODS: All 735 pupils from grades preschool to five of a government run primary school were invited to participate in the cross-sectional survey. Overall, 212 boys (46.5%) and 244 girls from 29 classes were examined. The main outcome measures were: (1) the detection of lice or eggs by visual examination of the child&#39;s head, and classification into &#39;not infested&#39; and &#39;infested;&#39; infested cases were further classified into &#39;active infestation&#39; (lice or viable eggs found) or &#39;inactive infestation&#39; (only unhatched eggs found); (2) for each child, a parent or guardian was asked to complete a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 456 children examined, 33.7% (95% confidence interval = 95%-CI = [26.9%, 40.4%]) had evidence of infestation with head lice, 21.0% (95%-CI = [15.2%, 26.8%]) with active infestation. The prevalence of infestation (active plus inactive) varied greatly between classes, ranging from zero to 72.2% (p &lt; 0.001). Head lice were more prevalent in girls than boys (p &lt; 0.001). Analysis of questionnaires showed that 47.7% (95%-CI = [43.0%, 52.4%]) of the children had been infested with head lice in the previous 6 months. For children with active pediculosis capitis on examination, 14.0% (95%-CI = [7.9%, 22.4%]) of parents or guardians had not noticed the infestation. CONCLUSIONS: In an urban primary school in Australia, head lice infestation was present at a hyperendemic level. Clustering by class indicated the classroom as a main source of infestation. Control strategies implemented in schools and including the education of teachers and parents need to be evaluated.</p>
10aanimals10aAustralia10achild10aChild, Preschool10aCross-Sectional Studies10ahumans10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/prevention & control10aPediculus10aPrevalence10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10ascalp dermatoses10aSex Factors1 aSpeare, Richard1 aBuettner, P., G.  uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00680.x/full02846nas a2200337   4500008004100000020001400041245016200055210006900217260001800286300001400304490000700318520167200325653002101997653001202018653001302030653002802043653001202071653005602083653001502139653003702154653001702191653001202208653001002220653005502230100002202285700001602307700001502323700001502338700001402353856014102367       2004                        eng d  a0269-283X00aPrevalence, risk factors and economic importance of infestations with Sarcoptes scabiei and Haematopinus suis in sows of pig breeding farms in Hesse, Germany0 aPrevalence risk factors and economic importance of infestations   aEnglandc2004  a361 - 3670 v183 aA cross-sectional survey was performed in 110 randomly selected pig-breeding farms of southern Hesse, Germany to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasite infestations and to find possible risk factors. Ear scrapings of, if available, 10 sows per farm were examined for Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis (De Geer) (Acaridida: Sarcoptidae) by the potassium hydroxide digestion method, and a total of 2754 sows was inspected for skin lesions and infestations with Haematopinus suis (L.) (Anoplurida: Haematopinidae). Data on farm profiles and sows were collected by a questionnaire. In total, 19.1% and 2.5% of the sows were found to be infested with S. scabiei or H. suis, respectively. The percentage of mite or louse infestation was significantly higher in sows showing pruritus than in those without skin lesions. Both ectoparasite infestations were related neither to the age of sows nor their reproduction status, nor to the time interval to last ectoparasite treatment. Using farms as the unit of analysis, the estimated prevalence of mange mite and louse infestations was 45.4% and 14.5%, respectively. There was no significant association between the presence of S. scabiei and H. suis in the farms. Risk factors for S. scabiei infestation were mixed housing of dry and nursing sows in the same unit (vs. separate housing) and straw bedding (vs. strawless). For louse infestation, only mechanical cleaning of stable units (vs. additional use of disinfection methods) and pasturing of gilts and dry sows were identified as risk factors. The economic loss by S. scabiei infestation in the study population was assessed at euro 4200 per affected farm and year on average.10aAnimal Husbandry10aanimals10aAnoplura10aCross-Sectional Studies10aGermany10aLice Infestations/economics/epidemiology/veterinary10aPrevalence10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10arisk factors10aScabies10aSwine10aSwine Diseases/economics/epidemiology/parasitology1 aDamriyasa, I., M.1 aFailing, K.1 aVolmer, R.1 aZahner, H.1 aBauer, C.  uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/prevalence-risk-factors-and-economic-importance-infestations-sarcoptes-scabiei-and-haematopi