02068nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001200269300001000281490000700291520138500298653000901683653001001692653001501702653001001717653001801727100002601745700002001771856005901791 2015 eng d a1683-632400aEctoparasite infestation of free scavenging chickens reared under traditional backyard production system in Wolayita Zone, southern Ethiopia0 aEctoparasite infestation of free scavenging chickens reared unde c03-2015 a55-660 v193 a

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and types of ectoparasite faunas and the associated host-related risk factors in free scavenging chickens in Wolayita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Physical examination that involves hand picking and skin scrapping and laboratory investigation was employed in a total 450 chickens (198 male and 252 female).The present study revealed an overall prevalence of 40% (180/450). Three genera and seven species of ectoparasites were identified. Of the three genera, mites were the dominant ones (24.9%) followed by lice (13.8%) and ticks (1.3%).Among the seven species of ectoparasites, Cnemidocoptes mutans (61.1 %) was the most prevalent species followed by Cuclotogaster heterographus (8.9%) and Menopon gallinae(8.9%); Goniocotes gallinae(8.3%) and Menacanthus stramineus(8.3%), while Argaspersicus 3.3%(6/180) was the least identified. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in prevalence of ectoparasites with regard to sex, age and breeds of chickens except for Cnemidocoptes mutans which was more significantly (p<0.05) prevalent in adults than growers and chicks, in local than exotic breeds, and in female than male chickens. This study revealed diverse fauna of ectoparasite in backyard chickens in the study area; hence integrated control strategies should be put in place to boost chicken productivity.

10alice10amites10aPrevalence10aticks10aWolayita-zone1 aZeryehun, Tesfaheywet1 aYohannes, Yonas uhttp://www.ajol.info/index.php/evj/article/view/12663004542nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245005800055210005800113300000900171490000700180520401200187653001204199653000904211653001504220653001104235100002104246700001804267856006304285 2015 eng d a2149-335900aMallophaga Species in the Chickens of Mardin Province0 aMallophaga Species in the Chickens of Mardin Province a7-120 v263 a

Article in Turkish. Title: Mardin ve Yöresi Tavuklarında Mallophaga Türleri

ÖZET: Bu çalışma Mardin’in farklı özelliklere sahip 5 ilçesinde (Merkez, Yeşilli, Midyat, Savur, Nusaybin) evlerin bahçelerindeki kümeslerde veya kümes olarak kullanılan mağaralarda yetiştirilen tavuklarda bitlerin yayılışı ve türlerinin tespiti amacıyla yapılmıştır.Bir yıl süreyle gidilen her bir ilçede belirlenen 10 kümesten 10’ar tavuk seçilerek tüm vücutlarına 5 g carbaryl toz (Sevitox, Hektaş) dökülerek toplam  2112  adet  bit  elde edilmiştir. Yüzde 10’luk KOH ile şeffaflaştırıldıktan sonra Faure forte ile lama yapıştırılan bit preparatları binoküler ışık mikroskobunda incelenerek tür teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Mardin ve yöresinde incelenen 600 tavuğun 392’sinin (%65) bitlerle enfeste olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Menacanthus  stramineus (%68.9) tüm çalışma odaklarında rastlanan en yaygın bit türü olup, bunu Menapongallinae (%17.2)  ve M.  cornutus (%11.2)  izlemiştir. Cuclotogaster    heterographus (%2.1) veGoniocotes hologaster(%0.5)  oranında yakalanmıştır. Toplanan bitlerin içerisinde dişiler (%59.6) erkeklerden (%40.4) fazla bulunmuştur. Mardin yöresi tavuklarında Mallophaga enfestasyonlarının yüksek oranda görülmesi, özellikle oldukça hareketli ve patojen olduğu bildirilen M. stramineusbaşta olmak üzere Amblyceran bit türlerinin yaygın görülmesi verim kayıpları ve ölümlere bağlı ekonomik kayıplar oluşturması yönünden önemlidir. Bu nedenle bölge halkı için önem  taşıyan  tavuklarda  bit  enfestasyonlarına  karşı  uygun  bir  insektisitle  mücadele  edilmesi  ve yetiştiriciliğin bilinçli yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma Mardin yöresinde tavuk bitleri üzerine yapılan ilk çalışma olması yönüyle önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:Tavuk, Bit, Mallophaga, Mardin

Abstract: This study was performed in order to determine the distribution and spreading of Mallophaga species on chicken breeding in caves or henhouse existing garden of houses in the 5 district of Mardin with different characteristics (Central, Yeşilli, Midyat, Savur, Nusaybin). For one year in each district 10 chicken selected from 10 determined henhouses. Totaly, 2112 lice were obtained from the whole body of the chicken by pouring carbaryl powder (Sevitox, Hektaş). After transparent with 10% KOH, lices were mounted with Faure forte and identified under a binocular light microscope. Out of 392 of 600 chicken (%65) from the province of Mardin were found to be infested with lice. The most common lice was M. stramineus (68.9%) in all the studied focus, and followed by M. gallinae (17.2%) and M. cornutus (11.2%). Cuclotogaster heterographus (2.1%), and G. hologaster (0.5%) were caught in relatively small amounts. All of the collected lice, females (59.6%) were found more than males (40.4%). High rate Mallophaga infestation seen in the chicken of the province of Mardin and specially the Amblyceran lice species, mainly M. stramineus reported to be very active and pathogenic were commonly seen, it is important for economically losses depending on death and losing of product. For this reason, against lice infestation in chicken should be tackled with an appropriate insecticide and poultry breading should be required consciously applications being important for the people of the region. This study is important for the first report on the aspect of the chicken lice of Mardin region

10achicken10alice10aMallophaga10aMardin1 aDöner, Abdullah1 aYaman, Mehmet uhttps://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/vanvetj/issue/23561/25102102015nas a2200169 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260000900234300000900243490000600252520133700258653001201595653000901607100002001616700001801636856019101654 2018 eng d00aPrevalence of Ectoparasites Infestation in Poultry in Haramaya District, Eastern Hararghe Zone; Oromia Region, Ethiopia0 aPrevalence of Ectoparasites Infestation in Poultry in Haramaya D c2018 a4 pp0 v93 a

The poultry industry has an important position in the provision of animal protein (meat and egg) to man and playsa vital role in the national economy as a source of revenue. Ectoparasites received little attention in almost all theproduction systems. Thus, the study was conducted in 2014 with the objectives to estimate prevalence and speciesof chicken ectoparasites, their predilection sites and to assess potential risk factors associated with their infestation.The present study shows that the prevalence of various ectoparasites in both local and exotic chicken that arereared under both extensive and semi intensive management systems, in eastern Hararghe, Haramaya district. Thedirect stereomicroscopic identification of poultry ectoparasites identified five species of parasites belonging to theorders of Acarina, Arachnida, Sinophthera and Phthinapthera. The overall prevalence of the ectoparasites in freelyscavenging chicken in Haramaya district was 55.47%, which may hinder the productivity of the subsector. Hence,awareness creation should be made to producers to put in place better control and preventive measures to gain theexpected output from the growing sector.

10achicken10alice1 aSerda, Biressaw1 aAbdi, Michael uhttps://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/prevalence-of-ectoparasites-infestation-in-poultry-in-haramaya-district-eastern-hararghe-zone-oromia-region-ethiopia-2157-7579-1000546-102956.html02554nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210007200156300001200228490000600240520200800246653001202254653000902266100003002275700001602305856006302321 2009 eng d a1307-997200aDiyarbakır ve Yöresinde Tavuklarda Bulunan Bit (Mallophaga) Türleri ve Bunların Yayılışı0 aDiyarbakır ve Yöresinde Tavuklarda Bulunan Bit Mallophaga Türler a64 - 680 v23 a

Paper in Turkish

Öz

Bu araştırma Ekim 2008- Ekim 2009 tarihleri arasında Diyarbakır Merkez ,Silvan, Çınar, Lice ve Ergani ilçelerine bağlı köylerde yürütülmüştür. Toplam 900 adet tavuk, bit (Mallophaga) yönünden muayene edilmiştir. Muayene edilen tavukların 356’sının (%39,6) bitlerle enfeste oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bir yıl boyunca enfeste tavuklardan 2850 adet bit toplanmıştır Enfeste tavuklarda Menacanthus cornutus (%60,1), Menopon gallinae (%10,1), Menacanthus stramineus (%25,4) ve Cuclotogaster (Sin. Lipeurus) heterographus (%4,4) türleri tespit edilmiştir.. Enfestasyon oranlarının yıl içinde dağılımları incelenmiş ve en yüksek enfestasyon oranına Ocak ve Şubat aylarında (%56) rastlanmıştır. En düşük enfestasyon oranının ise Ağustos (%22,7) ayında olduğu görülmüştür. Tavuk başına düşen ortalama bit miktarı 3,15 olarak belirlenmiştir.

English title: Lice (Mallophaga) Species on Chickens and Distrubution of these Species in Diyarbakır Region

Abstract

In this study, a total of 900 chickens from province of Diyarbakır, Silvan, Çınar, Lice and Ergani town were examined for the presence of lice (Mallophaga) between October 2008-October 2009. Out of 900 chickens, 356 (39,6 %) were found to be in infested with lice. Menacanthus cornutus (60,1 %), Menopon gallinae (10,1 %), Menacanthus stramineus (25,4 %) and Cuclotogaster (Sin. Lipeurus) heterographus (4,4 %) were identified on the infested chickens. A total of 2850 lice were collected from infested chicken for a year. İnfestation rates for each month were detected and the highest levels were found in January and February (56%). The lowest of infestation rate was seen in August (22.7%). Avarage number of louse for each infested chickens were found 3.1.

10achicken10alice1 aSayin_İpek, Duygu, Neval1 aŞaki, C.E. uhttps://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/duvetfd/issue/29539/31703801551nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001300041245007800054210006900132260001200201300001300213490000600226520099100232653000901223653001501232100002501247700002401272856007301296 2019 eng d a2307831600aIsolation and Identification of Lice on Some Species of Columbidae Family0 aIsolation and Identification of Lice on Some Species of Columbid c08-2019 a806 -8090 v73 a

There are many species of chewing lice (Mallophaga) that regularly parasitize on birds causing many symptoms such as: general weakness, developmental atrophy of somepartsof body, itching, and discomfort as well as blood problems related to blood. Among the most important of these species: Columbicola columbae, Menopon gallinae, Goniocotes gallinae, Cuclutogaster heterographus and Menacanthus stramineus. In this study, authors were able to review most of the local and international studies related to the diagnosis (classification) of lice, especially those infested birds from some species of Columbidae family, The current study findings only two species of lice Columbi colacolumbae (Linnaeus 1758) and Menacanthus sp. (Neumann, 1912) from some species of Columbidae family in Baghdad city, Iraq. The aim of this study was to create a database and put an important reference for all researchers and authors whoplan to study this field more comprehensively in the future.

10alice10aMallophaga1 aJassim, Suhad, Yasin1 aHadi, Afkar, Muslim uhttp://nexusacademicpublishers.com/table_contents_detail/4/1214/html01406nas a2200205 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179520073300248653001300981653000900994653001501003653000901018653001601027100002001043700002001063700002001083700001901103700002001122856005801142 2014 eng d00aPrevalence and seasonal variation of mallophagan species (Phthiraptera) in free-range chickens from rural localities of oran, Algeria0 aPrevalence and seasonal variation of mallophagan species Phthira3 a

A total of 192 free-range chickens was randomly collected from rural localities in the region of Oran (Algeria) and examined to detect the presence of Mallophagan species and their prevalence, mean intensity and seasonal variation. Eight species were recorded, Chelopistes meleagridis, Cuclotogaster heterographus, Goniocotes gallinae, Goniodes dissimilis, Goniodes gigas, Lipeurus caponis, Menacanthus cornutus and Menopon gallinae. Goniocotes gallinae was the most prevalent lice identified (95,31%). The infection rate was higher in males compared to female chickens with a significant difference (P<0,05). The total number of Mallophagan species encountered was higher in winter season than in the other seasons.

10achickens10alice10aMallophaga10aOran10aTraditional1 aMedjouel, Ilyes1 aBenakhla, Ahmed1 aSenouci, Kheira1 aDjelil, Hanene1 aMatallah, Fouzi uhttp://sjournals.com/index.php/SJAs/article/view/120502588nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008100055210006900136300001400205490000700219520184400226653001302070653001302083653001302096653001802109653000902127653000902136100001802145700001802163700001902181700001502200856013102215 2015 eng d a1818-676900aPrevalence of Lice and Fleas in Backyard Chickens of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia0 aPrevalence of Lice and Fleas in Backyard Chickens of Bishoftu To a2136-21420 v153 a

A cross sectional study was undertaken from December 2014 up to April 2015 to determine the prevalence of lice and fleas and identify different species of ectoparasites infesting backyard chickens of Bishoftu town as well as to assess the effect of host related risk factors. Samples were randomly taken from 140 backyard chickens and Age, sex and breed of the study population was simultaneously recorded. Lice and fleas were collected from different parts of the body including shank scraping and identified with stereomicroscopy or light microscopy. An overall 123(87.86%) prevalence was recorded and four species of ectoparasites under two orders (Phthiraptera (lice) and Siphonaptera (flea) were identified, of these 77(62.6%), 26 (21.1%) and 20 (16.3%) of them were infested by only lice, flea and both lice and flea species respectively. Among this, three species of lice, Menacanthus stramineus (33.57%), Menopon gallinae (20.71%) and Cuclotogaster heterographa (15%) and one species of flea, Echidnophaga gallinacean (32.86%) were identified. Among the potential predisposing factors assessed breed was found significantly associated with the level of infestation (P=0.004). Higher prevalence rate was recorded in exotic breed (89%) than local one (82.18%). However, age and sex were not found significantly associated with the level of infestation (P>0.05). In conclusion, the study revealed that lice and fleas are highly prevalent in the study backyard chickens. Therefore, efforts should have to be geared towards the improvement of health and management practices through better awareness creation among poultry households and strategic control schemes should be implemented to alleviate the problems in order to affirm the contribution of poultry in food security and further detailed study should be recommended

10aBackyard10aBishoftu10achickens10aectoparasites10aflea10alice1 aAlemu, Nafyad1 aMuktar, Yimer1 aKassaye, Dawit1 aHiko, Adem uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/314878737_Prevalence_of_Lice_and_Fleas_in_Backyard_Chickens_of_Bishoftu_Town_Ethiopia01500nas a2200181 4500008004100000245004000041210003900081520099500120653000901115653003401124653001201158100001701170700001501187700001401202700002001216700002201236856006001258 2003 eng d00aReview: Lice Infestation in Poultry0 aReview Lice Infestation in Poultry3 a

This paper reviews the studies on the prevalence, chemotherapeutic and biological control of lice. It was found that
Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis, Lipeurus caponis and Cuclutogaster heterographus were the most commonly infestating lice of poultry. A variety of chemical are used for the control of lice infestation in poultry. These include Carbamates, Pyrethroids, Cypermethrin, Trichlorphon, Dichlorvos, DDT powder, Coumaphos, Lindane and BHC, Phenol, Cresols, Permethrin, Pestoban, Malathion, Pfispray, Carbaryl, Methyl bromfenvinphos and Herbal products. The most promising results however were reported with Pyrethroids i.e. Trichlophon and Pestoban. Biological control although not widely accepted for application, yet some bacterial and fungal species were found to be effective. Based on the review conclusion have been drawn for further research in to the lice infestation of poultry.

10alice10aLipeurus lawrensis tropicalis10apoultry1 aKhan, M., N.1 aNadeem, M.1 aIqbal, Z.1 aSajid, Muhammad1 aAbbas, Rao, Zahid uhttp://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/1782_..pdf03264nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245007900054210006900133260002100202300001400223490000700237520252000244653001002764653002202774653000902796653002602805653001402831100002802845700001702873700002002890700002002910700002002930856006002950 2018 eng d a0972898800aInventory of lice of mammals and farmyard chicken in North-eastern Algeria0 aInventory of lice of mammals and farmyard chicken in Northeaster conline March 201 a386 - 3960 v113 a

Background and Aim: Lice are permanent ectoparasites, extremely specific to their hosts. Their great importance in veterinary medicine remain significant, they can cause their direct pathogenic actions like irritability, dermatitis, anemia, decreased weight gain, and milk production. The purpose of this work was to made the first time an inventory of mammalian lice in North-eastern Algeria.


Materials and Methods: Our survey of lice infestation was conducted on several animal species from five provinces of North-eastern Algeria. A total of 57 cattle, 83 sheep, 77 goats, 111 wild boars, and 63 farmyard chickens were examined. The collection of lice was carried out much more in mammals and chickens during the winter period. Lice were collected either manually or using brushing and kept in flasks containing 70% ethanol. The identification of lice was achieved in the laboratory using a binocular loupe.


Results: Concerning cattle, 63% and 27% of those examined subjects from Souk-Ahras and Guelma study areas, respectively, were carriers of lice. Damalinia bovis was the louse most frequently found on cattle in these two regions. Three other species were identified in Souk-Ahras: Haematopinus eurysternus (25%), Linognathus vituli (10%), and Solenopotes capillatus (5%). Regarding sheep, 39% and 24% of examined animals in Souk-Ahras and Guelma, were carrying lice. Damalinia ovis was the most frequently encountered lice on sheep in both regions. Linognathus ovillus also was identified in Souk-Ahras, representing 0.3% of the collected lice. Concerning goats, 53% and 30% of examined animals in Souk-Ahras and Guelma, were parasitized of lice. Two species of lice were found: Damalinia caprae and Linognathus africanus. For farmyard chickens, 69% and 100% of the farmyard chicken in Souk-Ahras and Mila were parasitized by lice, respectively. Menopon gallinae was the most frequently encountered louse in farmyard chicken in both regions. Eight other species were identified in Mila and four other species only in Souk-Ahras. Finally, 25% and 28% of the wild boars in Annaba and El Tarf were parasitized by lice, respectively. Haematopinus suis was the only species found on wild boars in both regions.

Conclusion: These results are to be taken into account for lice control schemes and louse-borne diseases. Keywords: boars, farmyard chickens, lice, North-eastern Algeria, ruminants.

10aboars10afarmyard chickens10alice10aNorth-eastern Algeria10aruminants1 aMeguini, Mohamed, Nadir1 aRighi, Souad1 aZeroual, Faycal1 aSaidani, Khelaf1 aBenakhla, Ahmed uhttp://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.11/March-2018/21.pdf01563nas a2200229 4500008004100000022003300041245007200074210006900146300001600215490000600231520091100237653001201148653000901160653001201169653001501181653002001196100001501216700001701231700002901248700001401277856004201291 2017 eng d a2278-3687 (O), 2277-663X (P)00aPrevalence Economic Loss and Control of Lice Infestation in Poultry0 aPrevalence Economic Loss and Control of Lice Infestation in Poul a1745 - 17570 v63 a

Abstract: Owing to scanty information available in the literature about different poultry lice, this paper reviews the studies on the prevalence of poultry lice, their harmful effects on production and control of the same with different commonly available insecticides with the hope to set a base line for the future studies in this field. It was found that Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis, Lipeurus caponis, Cuclutogaster heterographus, Goniodes gigas and Goniocotes gallinae, were the most commonly infestating lice of poultry. A number of chemicals and herbal products are used for the control of lice infestation of poultry, globally. Unlike tick and other arthropods a combinatorial, rotational and repeatable therapeutic approach along with managemental care should be followed to control phthiraptera group of parasites from poultry.

10aControl10alice10apoultry10aPrevalence10aProduction loss1 aMishra, S.1 aPednekar, R.1 aMohanty, Barada, Shankar1 aGatne, M. uhttp://www.ijset.net/journal/1745.pdf