02737nas a2200169 4500008004100000245006600041210006500107260005500172300001000227490000800237520215700245653002002402653002302422653001902445100002302464856008002487 2023 eng d00aHOW DOES CLIMATE CHANGE INFLUENCE PARASITE PRESSURE ON BIRDS?0 aHOW DOES CLIMATE CHANGE INFLUENCE PARASITE PRESSURE ON BIRDS aSalt Lake City, UtahbUNiversity of UtahcAug 2023 a75 pp0 vMSc3 a

Climate change will impact ecosystems as abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity change. Changes in ecosystems will lead to changes in species composition as species either relocate, adapt to their new environment, or go extinct. It is only possible to make robust predictions about how climate change will influence the distribution of species if information about their natural history is known. There is, however, a gap in our knowledge about the natural history of many organisms, which makes it difficult to predict how these species will be influenced by changes in the environment. Organisms such as parasites, are understudied even though they represent a large percentage of eukaryotic biodiversity and can impact their hosts. With ectoparasites on doves and pigeons (Columbiformes), it has been found that humidity may influence their populations, with more ectoparasites being found in regions with higher humidity than in regions with lower humidity. Unfortunately, there is a sampling bias with more surveys of parasites being carried out in humid regions than arid regions.

To better understand how parasites will be influenced by climate change, I conducted surveys of ectoparasites found on birds in urban and montane Utah. The prevalence of chewing lice was 10% in the montane region and 5.6% in the urban region.
Although many of the birds sampled are common to Utah, new louse host records were found in each survey, highlighting how understudied these ectoparasites are.

For Chapter 3, faunal surveys of birds and their ectoparasitic lice were used to investigate how likely changes in humidity will influence ectoparasite pressure on birds. Louse prevalence was significantly positively correlated with humidity, and louse
abundance tended to increase with humidity. The results from this study imply that the number of lice will decrease as areas become arid and increase in areas becoming wetter. However, more surveys should be carried out in regions with lower humidity so that more robust predictions can be made on how climate change could influence ectoparasite populations.

10aAccipitriformes10aCardellina pusilla10aColumbina inca1 aDavis, Kyle, McKay uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/96429.pdf04906nas a2200241 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260007500191300001100266490000800277520413300285653002504418653002004443653002604463653001404489653001804503653002404521653003104545653000904576653001104585100002204596856004604618 2018 eng d00aUntangling the coevolutionary history between doves and their parasitic lice0 aUntangling the coevolutionary history between doves and their pa aUrbana, IllinoisbUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaigncMay 2018 a291 pp0 vPhd3 a

In host-parasite systems, any given host species can be associated with multiple types of parasites, each of which can have a unique ecological relationship with the host. However, it remains unclear how these ecological differences link to evolutionary patterns. What shapes the dynamics of a host-parasite interaction over evolutionary time? An ideal approach for addressing this question is to compare multiple lineages of similar parasites that are associated with the same group of hosts but have distinct ecological differences – or “ecological replicates.” For my dissertation, I applied this strategy by focusing on the wing and body lice of doves. These two “ecomorphs” of lice are not closely related yet exclusively parasitize the same group of hosts. Notably, wing lice have a greater capability for dispersal than body lice. Dispersal is an important ecological component of host-parasite interactions and speciation in general. The first part of my dissertation examined broad cophylogenetic patterns across the dove-louse system. I found that wing and body lice did not have correlated patterns, and body lice showed more cospeciation with their hosts. This pattern agreed with previous studies, the results of which suggested that the increased cospeciation in body lice was due to differences in dispersal ability. In contrast with previous work, I also found that both wing and body louse phylogenies are statistically congruent with the host phylogeny. However, the previous studies had limited taxon sampling compared to my study, indicating that taxon sampling can have a significant impact on the results of cophylogenetic comparisons, and that there can be variable cophylogenetic patterns within a host-parasite system. Cophylogenetic variation in dove lice was further highlighted by my study on lice from phabine doves, a clade native to Australia and Southeast Asia. In this system, wing lice have higher levels of cospeciation with their hosts than did body lice, which is the opposite pattern found in other dove louse systems. The second part of my dissertation focused on the wing and body lice of New World ground-doves. All three groups (wing lice, body lice, and doves) are monophyletic and have relatively few species, which makes the system ideal for obtaining a comprehensive taxonomic sample. As a group that straddles the population-species boundary, ground-dove lice are also useful for gaining insight into host-parasite evolution at phylogenetic and population scales. I used Sanger or whole-genome sequencing data to estimate phylogenetic and/or population patterns of the ground-dove hosts and both groups of lice. For the louse genomes, I developed a novel pipeline to assemble nuclear genes for phylogenetic analysis and call SNPs for population analysis. My results indicate that dispersal is a key factor in shaping the evolution of this host-parasite system. Body lice had higher levels of cospeciation with their hosts, were more host-specific, and had higher rates of divergence than wing lice. At the population level, some body lice also showed host-specific structure, whereas wing lice did not. Body lice also had lower levels of heterozygosity than wing lice, suggesting higher levels of inbreeding. However, dispersal is likely not the only factor that shapes this host-parasite system. Host phylogeny appears to have a significant effect as well. Both wing and body louse phylogenies were statistically congruent with the host phylogeny, and the congruence metrics for individual associations were correlated between the two types of lice. Biogeography may also dictate host-parasite interactions. The wing louse phylogeny was significantly structured according to biogeographic region, and both wing and body lice also showed some biogeographic structure at the population level. Together, these results show that host-parasite interactions can be dictated by many ecological factors over evolutionary time, even in the presence of a primary, dominant factor (e.g., parasite dispersal)

https://core.ac.uk/outputs/161953145

10aAerodramus salangana10aCOPHYLOGENETICS10aGoniocotes talegallae10aparasites10aPhylogenetics10apopulation genetics10aStronglyocotes orbicularis10atext10aThesis1 aSweet, Andrew, D. uhttps://core.ac.uk/download/161953145.pdf02681nas a2200313 4500008004100000022002500041245007400066210006900140260001600209300001400225490000700239520172500246653002701971653001501998653002602013653002802039653001702067653002302084653002102107653002502128653002602153653001102179653001502190100001802205700002602223700002002249700001502269856008302284 2022 eng d a0976-0555, 0367-672200aA Survey of the Ectoparasites Found on Wild Birds in Northwest Turkey0 aSurvey of the Ectoparasites Found on Wild Birds in Northwest Tur cMar-12-2022 a1059-10650 v573 a

Background: Turkey is home to various resident and migratory wild bird species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ectoparasites found on 188 injured or rescued resident and migratory wild birds from Bursa and surroundings between 2015 and 2019.

Methods: Sampled birds were examined for different ectoparasites and all of the collected parasites were placed into tubes containing 70% ethyl alcohol. After mounting onto slides or fixing onto a plate, each parasite was identified to species using a light or stereo microscope.

Result: Results revealed that 88 (46.8%) of the examined wild birds were infested with one or two of 3 different species of ectoparasites. The species identified were 38 lice, three ticks and two flies. The lice were highly prevalent (40.4%) species than the flies (2.1%) and ticks (2.1%). The results also first geographically documented the lice and ked fly species as follows, with additional new host records: Fulicoffula gallinula and Pseudomenapon pilosum in the common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus); Ciconiphilus decimfasciatus in the grey heron (Ardea cinerea); Saemundssonia clayae in the Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola); Ardeicola ixobrychae in the common little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus) and the ked fly as Ornithophila metallica in the Eurasian magpies (Pica pica) in Turkey. The study results provided valuable data on the ectoparasites living on migratory and resident bird species during their migration throughout northwest Turkey. Further research on the related pathogens that these ectoparasites harbor is in need.

10aActornitophilus piceus10aArdea alba10aChroicocephalus genei10aComatomenapon elongatum10aectoparasite10aIxobrychus minutus10aLarus cachinnans10aMeropsiella apiastri10aPseudomenapon pilosum10aSurvey10awild birds1 aGirisgin, Oya1 aGirisgin, Ahmet, Onur1 aCimenlikaya, N.1 aSaygin, B. uhttps://www.arccjournals.com/journal/indian-journal-of-animal-research/BF-147408568nas a2200193 4500008004100000022002500041245008600066210006900152260001600221300001000237490000600247520795300253653001708206653002808223653001508251653002008266100001808286856007008304 2023 eng d a2312-4504, 1997-321700aCHECKLIST OF CHEWING LICE (MALLOPHAGA) OF THE VORONEZH REGION. SUBORDER AMBLYCERA0 aCHECKLIST OF CHEWING LICE MALLOPHAGA OF THE VORONEZH REGION SUBO cFeb-22-2023 a37-500 v13 a

Paper in Russian. Title: ФАУНА ПУХОЕДОВ (MALLOPHAGA) ВОРОНЕЖСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ. ПОДОТРЯД AMBLYCERA

Целью исследования являлось составление аннотированного списка видов пухоедов (Phthiraptera: Mallophaga, Amblycera) Воронежской области. Инвентаризация коллекционного материала, собранного в 1976–2021 гг., позволила выявить 30 видов
пухоедов из подотряда Amblycera. Они принадлежат к двум семействам и 12 родам. Впервые для Воронежской области указано 16 видов: Meromenopon incisum (Giebel, 1874), Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus, 1758), Austromenopon icterum (Burmeister, 1838), Menacanthus alaudae (Schrank, 1776), M. pici (Denny, 1842), Colpocephalum fregili Denny, 1842, C. turbinatum Plaget, 1880, Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch, 1818), M. isostoma (Nitzsch, 1866), M. indivisa (Nitzsch, 1866), M. troglodyti (Denny, 1842), Bonomiella columbae Emerson, 1957, B. concii Eichler, 1947, Hohorstiella lata (Piaget, 1880), H. modesta (Ansari, 1951), Ricinus serratus Durrant, 1906. По числу видов наиболее богато представлены роды Menacanthus (7 видов) и Myrsidea (6 видов). Обнаруженные в Воронежской области виды пухоедов оказались связанными со своими типичными хозяевами. Несколько видов Amblycera (Menacanthus agilis,
M. gonophaeus, Colpocephalum turbinatum) зарегистрированы на случайных хозяевах (гостепаразитизм) в условиях урбоэкосистем.

К л ю ч е в ы е с л о в а: пухоеды; Mallophaga; Amblycera; паразито-хозяинные связи; Воронежская область

Abstract:

An updated checklist of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Mallophaga, Amblycera) of the Voronezh Region was compiled based on an inventory of the entomological material collected in 1976-2021. It contains 30 species of chewing lice of the suborder Amblycera.
They belong to two families and 12 genera. Among them, 16 species, – Meromenopon incisum (Giebel, 1874), Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus, 1758), Austromenopon icterum (Burmeister, 1838), Menacanthus alaudae (Schrank, 1776), M. pici (Denny, 1842),
Colpocephalum fregili Denny, 1842, C. turbinatum Plaget, 1880, Myrsidea cucullaris (Nitzsch, 1818), M. isostoma (Nitzsch, 1866), M. indivisa (Nitzsch, 1866), M. troglodyti (Denny, 1842), Bonomiella columbae Emerson, 1957, B. concii Eichler, 1947, Hohorstiella lata (Piaget, 1880), H. modesta (Ansari, 1951), Ricinus serratus Durrant, 1906 – are registered in the Voronezh Region for the first time. Genera Menacanthus and Myrsidea comprise the highest number of species. Most chewing lice species were associated with
their typical host-species. However, in urban ecosystems of the region, several Amblycera species (Menacanthus agilis, M.  gonophaeus, Colpocephalum turbinatum) were retrieved from occasional host species

10aChewing lice10ahost-parasite relations10aMallophaga10aVoronezh Region1 aGaponov, S.P. uhttp://journals.krc.karelia.ru/index.php/biogeo/article/view/169902272nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245016600055210006900221260001600290300000900306490000700315520156400322653006601886100001901952700002201971700002401993700001802017856004302035 2023 eng d a1424-281800aMuseum-Based Research on the Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) Infestations of Hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae)—Prevalence, Genus Richness and Parasite Associations0 aMuseumBased Research on the Lice Insecta Phthiraptera Infestatio cJan-03-2023 a9 pp0 v153 a

We documented the presence/absence of the eggs of Trochiloecetes, Trochiliphagus, and Leremenopon lice on over 50,000 hummingbird specimens (representing 348 species plus 247 additional subspecies) in four museums in the USA. (i) We provide sample estimates of infestation prevalence. (ii) Sample estimates of parasite genus richness increased with increasing host sample size. (iii) Host body mass did not correlate with parasite genus richness, even when controlled for sample size effects. (iv) The prevalence of Trochiliphagus and Trochiloecetes infestations did not correlate with host body mass, while the prevalence of Leremenopon exhibited a marginally significant positive correlation with host body mass. (v) The prevalence of Trochiliphagus and Leremenopon infestations correlated strongly and positively across host taxa (i.e., species or subspecies). (vi) The co-occurrence of Trochiliphagus and Trochiloecetes within the few largest host samples—i.e., within particular host taxa—was significantly more frequent than expected by chance. This latter association might indicate a true ecological relationship or, alternatively, might have emerged as an artifact of our sampling method. (vii) We found no relationship between host sexual size dimorphism and the prevalence of any of the three louse genera, contrary to the interspecific prediction of the Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis.

Subplementary info https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/d15010054/s1. Table S1: Hummingbird louse infestation data.

10aecology; neotropics; Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis; sampling bias1 aOniki, Yoshika1 aWillis, Edwin, O.1 aLopes, Leonardo, E.1 aRózsa, Lajos uhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/1/5401894nas a2200193 4500008004100000022002500041245013300066210006900199260001600268300001000284490000600294520126300300653001701563653001801580653001501598653001501613100002901628856004301657 2021 eng d a1314-2828, 1314-283600aNew records for chewing lice of the genus Dennyus Neumann, 1906 (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) on two swifts from Saudi Arabia0 aNew records for chewing lice of the genus iDennyusi Neumann 1906 cAug-05-2021 a10 pp0 v93 a

Background: Very little is known about the chewing lice fauna of Saudi Arabia especially from swifts (Apodidae). Swifts are common resident and migratory birds throughout Saudi Arabia. Two chewing lice genera are known for parasitising swifts throughout the world: Dennyus Neumann, 1906 and Eureum Nitzsch, 1818, none of which have been recorded from the Kingdom before.

New Information: Two species of resident wild swifts were examined for chewing lice for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Two rare lice species were identified: D. (Dennyus) hirundinis (Linnaeus, 1761) and Dennyus sp. (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) infesting the common swift Apus apus (Linnaeus, 1758) and African palm swift Cypsiurus parvus (Lichtenstein, 1823), respectively. The described chewing lice species are considered as new country records. They will be added to the Saudi Arabia parasitic fauna. Taxonomical and ecological remarks were provided for the identified chewing lice through this work, along with notes on swift/chewing lice interaction.

10aChewing lice10aectoparasites10aNew record10awild birds1 aAl-Shammery, Kholoud, A. uhttps://bdj.pensoft.net/article/67927/06201nas a2200181 4500008004100000245016200041210007000203260005700273300001000330490001100340520549900351653001605850653001005866653002905876653002105905100003805926856005505964 2015 eng d00aCaracterizando patrones ecológicos en la estructura parasitaria: influencia ecorregional y hospedadora en un modelo Phthiraptera – Aves del norte de Chile0 aCaracterizando patrones ecológicos en la estructura parasitaria  aConcepción, ChilebUniversidad de Concepciónc2015 a63 pp0 vMaster3 a

De acuerdo a las características de distribución espacialmente fragmentada de los parásitos en sus hospedadores, se ha observado algunos patrones recurrentes: (i) la amplitud de nicho de un parásito, en términos de especificidad hospedadora, refleja su posición exacta y su papel en la biósfera, y determina la probabilidad que tenga éxito en invadir un nuevo hábitat o adaptarse a nuevos hospedadores; (ii) el gregarismo responde a una situación donde un pequeño número de hospedadores concentra la mayoría de los parásitos, y los niveles intermedios del gregarismo parasitario pueden haber sido favorecidos por la selección natural; y (iii) la distribución parasitaria espacial puede estar influenciada por interacciones de los parásitos con condiciones ambientales, donde los hospedadores representan “parches” favorables para el crecimiento y reproducción, así también las regiones húmedas presentan mayores prevalencias y abundancias parasitarias, que las regiones áridas, incluso a través de la distribución geográfica de sus hospedadores. Los parásitos son modelos muy convenientes para el estudio de los patrones de la estabilidad y variabilidad de los parámetros ecológicos de una especie. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue el de evaluar si los niveles del parasitismo de piojos en sus hospedadores aviares y en un área geográfica, son congruentes: (i) al patrón de amplitud de nicho ecológico de esta taxa parasitaria particular; (ii) al patrón universal de gregarismo parasitario; y (iii) a una especificidad parasitaria espacial, para caracterizar aspectos de la estructura de la abundancia y distribución parasitaria de un modelo Phthiraptera-aves en el norte de Chile. Este estudio fue realizado entre los años 2010 a 2012, realizándose recolecciones en 14 localidades, distribuidas en seis ecorregiones, dentro el territorio norte de Chile. Fueron evaluadas 923 aves, incluidas en tres órdenes (Apodiformes-Caprimulgiformes, Columbiformes y Passeriformes), caracterizándose en este estudio los siguientes patrones ecológicos: (i) particulares a la taxa parasitaria en esta geografía: Moderada a baja especificidad de nicho ecológico de Amblycera, y alta especificidad de nicho ecológico de Ischnocera; (ii) universales: Distribución gregaria de Amblycera e Ischnocera, y la mayor dispersión parasitaria, produce un menor gregarismo en Amblycera e Ischnocera; y (iii) particulares a la geografía: Especificidad ecorregional y variabilidad en la abundancia parasitaria de Ischnocera.

Palabras claves: Amblycera, Aves, Chile, Especificidad geográfica, Especificidad hospedadora, Gregarismo, Ischnocera

English title: Characterizing ecological patterns in parasite structure: ecoregional and host influence, in a model Phthiraptera-Aves from North of Chile

Abstract: According to the characteristics of spatially fragmented distribution of parasites in their hosts has been observed some recurring patterns: (i) the niche amplitude of a parasite, in terms of host specificity reflects its exact position and role in the biosphere, and determines the probability to success to invade a new habitat or adapt to new hosts; (ii) the aggregation responds to a situation where a small number of hosts concentrate most parasites, and intermediate levels of parasitic aggregated may have been favored by natural selection; and (iii) the parasitic spatial distribution can be influenced by interactions of parasites with environmental conditions where hosts represent favorable "patches" for the growth and reproduction, in this way humid regions have higher parasite prevalence and abundance, than arid regions, even across the geographical distribution of their hosts. Parasites are very convenient models for the study of patterns of stability and variability of ecological parameters of a species. The main objective of this study was to assess whether levels of parasitism of lice in their avian hosts and geographic area, are congruent: (i) to the pattern of ecological niche breadth of this particular parasite taxa; (ii) to the universal pattern of parasitic aggregated; and (iii) to a parasitic spatial specificity to characterize aspects of the structure of the abundance and distribution parasitic of the a Phthiraptera-birds model in northern Chile. This study was conducted between 2010-2012, performing collections in 14 localities in six ecoregions within the territory of northern Chile. They were evaluated 923 birds, including three orders (Apodiformes-Caprimulgiformes, Columbiformes, and Passeriformes), characterized in this study the existence of ecological patterns: (i) particular to parasitic taxa in this geography: moderate to low specificity of ecological niche of Amblycera lice, and high specificity of ecological niche of Ischnocera lice; (ii) universals: Amblycera and Ischnocera aggregated distribution, and most parasitic dispersion produces less aggregation in Amblycera and Ischnocera); and (iii) to this particular geography: ecoregional specificity of Phthiraptera, and variability in parasite abundance of Ischnocera.

10aaggregation10aChile10ageographical specificity10aHost specificity1 aBeltrán-Saavedra, Lucio, Fabián uhttp://repositorio.udec.cl/jspui/handle/11594/180603599nas a2200229 4500008004100000245011300041210006900154300001200223490000700235520284600242653001803088653001503106653002803121653001703149653002703166100002303193700001803216700002103234700002303255700002203278856006903300 2020 eng d00aContributions to the knowledge of lice diversity (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) in birds from Peru0 aContributions to the knowledge of lice diversity Phthiraptera Am a219-2290 v223 a

Peru has a great diversity of birds, having more than 1870 species in its territory. However, studies on chewing lice (Phthiraptera) in birds from Peru are still limited. The objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of lice in birds of Peru. The material used comes from the Zoological Collection of the Natural History Museum of the Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru. Ten species of lice distributed in three families were identified: three species of the Menoponidae family, five species of Philopteridae and two species of Ricinidae collected from seven species of birds. This work records for the first time Hohorstiella lata Piaget, 1880, Quadraceps eugrammicus (Burmeister, 1838), Trochiloecetes illumani Carriker, 1960 and Ricinus frenatus Burmeister, 1838 in Peru; likewise, four new hosts of the order Passeriformes are registered for Mayriphilopterus ernsti Mey, 2004, Threnetes leucurus (Linnaeus, 1766) as a new host for T. illumani and two new hosts for R. frenatus; Larus belcheri Vigors, 1829 is also reported as a new host for Quadraceps eugrammicus (Burmeister, 1838) and Austromenopon transversum Denny, 1842.

Spanish ttle: Aportes al conocimiento de la diversidad de piojos (Phthiraptera: Amblycera e Ischnocera) en aves del Perú.

Resumen: El Perú presenta una gran diversidad de aves, teniendo más de 1870 especies en su territorio. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre malófagos (Phthiraptera) en aves del Perú son aún limitados. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo aportar al conocimiento de la diversidad de piojos en aves del Perú. El material utilizado proviene de la Colección Zoológica del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Perú. Fueron identificadas diez especies de piojos distribuidas en tres familias: tres especies de la familia Menoponidae, cinco especies de Philopteridae y dos especies de Ricinidae colectadas de siete especies de aves. Este trabajo registra por primera vez a Hohorstiella lata Piaget, 1880, Quadraceps eugrammicus (Burmeister, 1838), Trochiloecetes illumani Carriker, 1960 y Ricinus frenatus Burmeister, 1838 en el Perú; así mismo se registran cuatro nuevos hospederos del orden Passeriformes para Mayriphilopterus ernsti Mey, 2004, Threnetes leucurus (Linnaeus, 1766) como nuevo hospedero para T. illumani y dos nuevos hospederos para R. frenatus; también se reporta a Larus belcheri Vigors, 1829 como nuevo hospedero para Quadraceps eugrammicus (Burmeister, 1838) y Austromenopon transversum Denny, 1842.
Palabras clave: Columbiformes, Ectoparásitos, Entomología, Parasitología, Passeriformes

10aectoparasites10aentomology10aMayriphilopterus ernsti10aParasitology10aPhilydor erythrocercum1 aPríncipe, Fabiola1 aMinaya, David1 aCipriano, Senior1 aNaupay, Asucena, I1 aIannacone, José uhttp://revista.macn.gob.ar/ojs/index.php/RevMus/article/view/69702466nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210007100155260001200226300001100238520153700249653001701786653001701803653001901820653003301839653001701872653001501889653001701904653002101921100002701942700002101969700002201990700002402012700002202036700002202058700002202080856006202102 2020 eng d a2045-775800aPatterns of host–parasite associations in tropical lice and their passerine hosts in Cameroon0 aPatterns of host–parasite associations in tropical lice and thei c06-2021 a1 - 133 a

Coevolutionary processes that drive the patterns of host–parasite associations can be deduced through congruence analysis of their phylogenies. Feather lice and their avian hosts have previously been used as typical model systems for congruence analysis; however, such analyses are strongly biased toward nonpasserine hosts in the temperate zone. Further, in the Afrotropical region especially, cospeciation studies of lice and birds are entirely missing. This work supplements knowledge of host–parasite associations in lice using cospeciation analysis of feather lice (genus Myrsidea and the Brueelia complex) and their avian hosts in the tropical rainforests of Cameroon. Our analysis revealed a limited number of cospeciation events in both parasite groups. The parasite–host associations in both louse groups were predominantly shaped by host switching. Despite a general dissimilarity in phylogeny for the parasites and hosts, we found significant congruence in host–parasite distance matrices, mainly driven by associations between Brueelia lice and passerine species of the Waxbill (Estrildidae) family, and Myrsidea lice and their Bulbul (Pycnonotidae) host species. As such, our study supports the importance of complex biotic interactions in tropical environments.

A zip file of supporting materials can be found in the publisher website https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ece3.6386. Scroll to the bottom of the page and under Supporting Information.

10acospeciation10aFeather lice10ahost switching10ahost–parasite associations10aMirandofures10aPasserines10aSturnidoecus10atropical ecology1 aGajdošová, Magdalena1 aSychra, Oldřich1 aKreisinger, Jakub1 aSedláček, Ondřej1 aNana, Eric, Djomo1 aAlbrecht, Tomáš1 aMunclinger, Pavel uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ece3.638604558nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011600041210007000157260003300227520384300260653001504103653002304118653001504141100002804156700002104184700001804205856016504223 2018 eng d00aDiversidad de especies del filo arthropoda en aves del Área de Conservación Privada Panguana, Huánuco, Perú0 aDiversidad de especies del filo arthropoda en aves del Área de C aTrujillo, PerucOctober 20183 a

Conference poster in Spanish

RESUMEN

Perú es parte del Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica desde el año 1992, y aun nuestra capacidad de cumplir con los compromisos es insuficiente, basta con revisar el último informe nacional sobre aplicación del convenio en el cual se manifiesta que la base de datos del estado o situación de nuestra biodiversidad es limitada. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio, en el Área de Conservación Privada Panguana, en el departamento de Huánuco, fue identificar las especies del filo Arthropoda que parasitan a las aves de dicho territorio. Entre marzo y abril de 2017 se capturaron 81 aves pertenecientes a cinco órdenes, once familias y treintaiuna especies, ninguna de las cuales estuvo incluida en el libro rojo de aves amenazadas en el Perú. El porcentaje de especies correspondiente al Orden Passeriformes fue 77.4% (24/31), siendo este el mayor de todas las aves capturadas. El total de aves infestadas fue 72.8% (59/81), y los parásitos hallados pertenecían a las ordenes
Phthiraptera, Astigmata, Mesostigmata e Ixodida. Los ectoparásitos comunes a la mayoría de las aves pertenecían a piojos de los géneros Trochiloecotes y Trochiliphagus; ácaros de los géneros Amerodectes y Proctophyllodes; y garrapata del genero Amblyomma. Por otro lado, los menos comunes fueron ácaros de los géneros Paralgopsis, Andralaelaps y Dermanyssus; y piojos de los géneros Philopterus, Ricinus y Penenirmus. La aparente resiliencia debida a la baja especificidad parasito-hospedero podría ser una ventaja en las condiciones del Área de Conservación Privada Panguana, un supuesto que la biología molecular tendría que resolver.

Palabras clave: Bosque neotropical, aves silvestres, artrópodos.

English title: Diversity of species of the phylum arthropoda in birds of the Panguana Private Conservation Area, Huánuco, Peru

Abstract

Peru is part of the Convention on Biological Diversity since 1992, and even our capacity to comply with the commitments is insufficient, it is enough to review the last national report on application of the agreement in which it is stated that the database of the state or situation of our biodiversity is limited. Therefore, the objective of the present study, in the Private Conservation Area Panguana, in the department of Huánuco, was to identify the species of the phylum Arthropod that parasitize the birds of said territory. Between March and April 2017, eighty one birds belonging to five orders, eleven families and thirty one species were captured, none of which was included in the red book of threatened birds in Peru. The percentage of species corresponding to the Passeriformes Order was 77.4% (24/31), this being the highest of all the birds captured. The total infested birds were 72.8% (59/81), and the parasites found belonged to the orders Phthiraptera, Astigmata, Mesostigmata and Ixodida. The ectoparasites common to most of the birds belonged to lice of the genera Trochiloecotes and Trochiliphagus; mites of the genera Amerodectes and Proctophyllodes; and tick of the Amblyomma genus. On the other hand, the least common were mites of the genera Paralgopsis, Andralaelaps and Dermanyssus; and lice of the genera Philopterus, Ricinus and Penenirmus. The apparent resilience due to low parasite-host specificity could be an advantage in the conditions of the Panguana Private Conservation Area, an assumption that molecular biology would have to resolve. Key words: Neotropical forest, wild birds, arthropods.

10aarthropods10aNeotropical forest10awild birds1 aPineda, Carlos, Alberto1 aFonseca, Fermín1 aMinaya, David uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/329167643_Diversity_of_species_of_the_phylum_arthropoda_in_birds_of_the_Panguana_Private_Conservation_Area_Huanuco_Peru02383nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245015300055210006900208260001600277300001400293490000700307520170100314653001102015653001802026653001602044653001002060653001302070100002502083856006902108 2013 eng d a0031-104900aThree new species of Dennyus Neumann, 1906 (Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Menoponidae) parasitic on swifts (Aves, Apodiformes, Apodidae) in Brazil0 aThree new species of iDennyusi Neumann 1906 Phthiraptera Amblyce cJan-01-2013 a415 - 4290 v533 a

Descriptions and illustrations are given for three new species of the chewing louse genus Dennyus on Brazilian Swifts. They and their type hosts are: D. pichorimi ex Streptoprocne biscutata seridoensis (Biscutate Swift) from the State of Rio Grande do Norte, D. pascoliae ex Streptoprocne zonaris zonaris (White-collared Swift) from the state of Minas Gerais, D. malagonensis ex Cypseloides senex (Great Dusky Swift) also from Minas Gerais. These lice are the first published records of Dennyus species from Brazil. A key for the identification of the Dennyus subgenera, and a table listing species of Dennyus recorded in other countries from hosts occurring in Brazil are given.

 

Abstract (in Portuguese) RESUMO

Descrições e ilustrações são apresentadas para três novas espécies de malófagos do gênero Dennyus de andorinhões brasileiros. Eles e os seus hospedeiro tipo são: D. pichorimi ex Streptoprocne biscutata seridoensis (Taperuçu-de-coleira-falha) do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, D. pascoliae ex Streptoprocne zonaris zonaris (Taperuçu-de-coleira-branca) do estado de Minas Gerais, D. malagonensis ex Cypseloides senex (Taperuçu-velho), também de Minas Gerais. Esses piolhos representam as primeiras espécies de Dennyus registrados no Brasil. Uma chave para a identificação dos sub-gêneros de Dennyus, e uma tabela com a listagem das espécies Dennyus registradas em outros países a partir de hospedeiros que ocorrem no Brasil são também apresentadas.

10aBrazil10achewing louse10anew species10aSwift10ataxonomy1 aValim, Michel, Paiva uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68782.pdf00767nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260000900212300001200221490000700233520023300240100002000473700002000493700002300513856007300536 2008 eng d00aA New Record for Turkish Lice Fauna: Dennyus hirundinis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Mallophaga:Menoponidae)0 aNew Record for Turkish Lice Fauna Dennyus hirundinis Linnaeus 17 c2008 a77 - 780 v323 aIn this study, a bird louse Dennyus hirundinis was recorded for the first time from the swift, Apus apus living in Turkey. Since so littleinformation is available on this rare species, the new record is briefly presented here. 1 aKarataş, Ahmet1 aGöçen, Bayram1 aKarataş, Ayşgül uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47321.pdf02497nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260000900249300001400258490000700272520188500279100002402164700002302188700002202211700002102233856007302254 2007 eng d00aMitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Sequences Support a Cretaceous Origin of Columbiformes and a Dispersal-Driven Radiation in the Paleogene0 aMitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Sequences Support a Cretaceous Ori c2007 a656 - 6720 v563 a

Phylogenetic relationships among genera of pigeons and doves (Aves, Columbiformes) have not been fully resolved because of limited sampling of taxa and characters in previous studies.We therefore sequenced multiple nuclear and mitochondrial DNA genes totaling over 9000 bp from 33 of 41 genera plus 8 outgroup taxa, and, together with sequences from 5 other pigeon genera retrieved from GenBank, recovered a strong phylogenetic hypothesis for the Columbiformes. Three major clades were recovered with the combined data set, comprising the basally branching New World pigeons and allies (clade A) that are sister to Neotropical ground doves (clade B), and the Afro-Eurasian and Australasian taxa (clade C). None of these clades supports the monophyly of current families and subfamilies. The extinct, flightless dodo and solitaires (Raphidae) were embedded within pigeons and doves (Columbidae) in clade C, and monophyly of the subfamily Columbinae was refuted because the remaining subfamilies were nested within it. Divergence times estimated using a Bayesian framework suggest that Columbiformes diverged from outgroups such as Apodiformes and Caprimulgiformes in the Cretaceous before the mass extinction that marks the end of this period. Bayesian and maximum likelihood inferences of ancestral areas, accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty and divergence times, respectively, favor an ancient origin of Columbiformes in the Neotropical portion of what was then Gondwana. The radiation of modern genera of Columbiformes started in the Early Eocene to the Middle Miocene, as previously estimated for other avian groups such as ratites, tinamous, galliform birds, penguins, shorebirds, parrots, passerine birds, and toucans. Multiple dispersals of more derived Columbiformes between Australasian and Afro-Eurasian regions are required to explain current distributions.

1 aPereira, Sergio, L.1 aJohnson, Kevin, P.1 aClayton, Dale, H.1 aBaker, Allan, J. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46934.pdf00559nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013700041210006900178260000900247300001400256490000800270100002200278700002100300700002300321856006900344 2006 eng d00aTwo new species of Dennyus (Collodennyus) chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) from swiftlets (Apodiformes: Apodidae)0 aTwo new species of Dennyus Collodennyus chewing lice Phthirapter c2006 a306 - 3110 v1081 aClayton, Dale, H.1 aPrice, Roger, D.1 aJohnson, Kevin, P. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47752.pdf01295nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260000900199300001200208490000700220520084000227100002101067856007301088 2007 eng d00aThe Position of Trochiliphagus Carriker within the Ricinidae (Insecta: Phthiraptera)0 aPosition of Trochiliphagus Carriker within the Ricinidae Insecta c2007 a37 - 460 v553 a

Two forms of the Ricinidae (Mallophaga, Phthiraptera) that live on Trochilidae have independently developed piercing mouthparts. The one (Trochiloecetes) is obviously an ancient inhabitant of hummingbirds, whereas the other has settled these birds rather recently. Carriker (1960) established a new genus “Trochiliphagus” for the second one. It is demonstrated that these lice belong to Ricinus de Geer, 1778, a genus with normal biting mouthparts which is widespread on Passeriformes. Trochiliphagus Carriker, 1960 is placed as a junior synonym of Ricinus and all species described till now should be named Ricinus jimenezi. Within Ricinus these hummingbird-dwelling lice are best placed in the dolichocephalus species-group. Obviously mouthparts have a high plasticity and are not good for diagnostic characters.

1 aRheinwald, Goetz uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46817.pdf00463nas a2200157 4500008004100000245003700041210003500078260000900113300003100122490000600153653001400159653001400173100001800187700002100205856007900226 1936 eng d00aParasitofauna strisa (Apus apus)0 aParasitofauna strisa Apus apus c1936 a49 - 79 (Mallophaga:70-73)0 v710aNitzschia10apulicaris1 aDogel, V., A.1 aKarolinskaja, C. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/parasitofauna-strisa-apus-apus00429nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007100041210006800112260000900180300001200189490000700201100003000208856006900238 1944 eng d00aDie Parasiten und Nestgäste des Mauerseglers (Micropus apus Lin.)0 aDie Parasiten und Nestgäste des Mauerseglers Micropus apus Lin c1944 a25 - 350 v411 aBüttiker, Wilhelm, W. G. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/43809.pdf00901nas a2200205 4500008004100000245013700041210006900178260000900247300001000256490000600266520023300272653001300505653001600518653000900534653001200543653001600555100003100571700002100602856007200623 2003 eng d00aA new genus and four new species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) from hummingbirds (Apodiformes: Trochilidae)0 anew genus and four new species of chewing lice Phthiraptera Ambl c2003 a1 - 90 v73 a

Leremenopon new genus, and four new species, L. fisheri, L. sanchezi, L. donnaldorum, and L. obermani, are described and illustrated. With these descriptions, four genera of chewing lice are now known from hummingbirds.

10agen.nov.10aLeremenopon10amtax10asp.nov.10atrochilidae1 aDalgleish, Robert Campbell1 aPrice, Roger, D. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/6694.pdf01273nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260000900226300001000235490000600245520065400251653000900905653001300914653001200927653001600939100003100955700002100986856007201007 2003 eng d00aTwo new species of Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) from hummingbirds (Apodiformes: Trochilidae)0 aTwo new species of Myrsidea Phthiraptera Amblycera Menoponidae f c2003 a1 - 90 v63 a

Myrsidea is a large genus of chewing lice with more than 200 species on Passeriformes and six on Piciformes. Myrsidea imbricata (Neumann), he only Myrsidea previously reported from a hummingbird, has been considered a contaminant or straggler. Recent collections of lice have included specimens of Myrsidea from a number of hummingbird species from different localities. They confirm tha this genus occurs on the Trochilidae. Two new species, M. kristineae and M. jenniferae, are described and illustrated. They have sufficient characteristics in common with M. imbricata to suggest strongly that the host of that species was a hummingbird.

10amtax10aMyrsidea10asp.nov.10atrochilidae1 aDalgleish, Robert Campbell1 aPrice, Roger, D. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/6695.pdf00640nas a2200181 4500008004100000245014200041210006900183260000900252300001200261490000700273653001000280653001300290653001600303653001900319100001900338700002200357856007900379 1982 eng d00aA new species of Trochiloecetes (Mallophaga: Ricinidae) from the saw-billed hermit, Ramphodon naevius (Dumont) (Apodiformes: Trochilidae)0 anew species of Trochiloecetes Mallophaga Ricinidae from the sawb c1982 a85 - 870 v4210an.sp.10ataxonomy10atrochilidae10aTrochiloecetes1 aOniki, Yoshika1 aEmerson, Kary, C. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/4536.pdf00601nas a2200169 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181260000900250300001200259653000900271653001000280653000800290653001600298653001900314100001900333856007900352 1995 eng d00aTrochiliphagus austini sp. n. (Mallophaga, Trochiloecetidae) from Amazilia candida (Aves, Trochilidae) of Belize, with biological notes0 aTrochiliphagus austini sp n Mallophaga Trochiloecetidae from Ama c1995 a67 - 7110amtax10an.sp.10aPHP10atrochilidae10aTrochiliphagus1 aOniki, Yoshika uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/4534.pdf00502nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138260000900207300001400216490000700230653000900237653000800246100002200254856008000276 1959 eng d00aTwo new Mallophaga from the large white-rumped swift Apus pacificus pacificus (Latham), 18010 aTwo new Mallophaga from the large whiterumped swift Apus pacific c1959 a164 - 1680 v1010amtax10aPHP1 aNakagawa, Hiroshi uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/39810.pdf00502nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260000900212300001000221490000700231653000900238653000800247100002100255856008000276 1968 eng d00aDennyus aequatorialis n. sp. (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) from the mottled swift, Apus aequatorialis0 aDennyus aequatorialis n sp Mallophaga Menoponidae from the mottl c1968 a1 - 80 v6110amtax10aPHP1 aLedger, John, A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/39787.pdf01198nas a2200169 4500008004100000245014400041210006900185260000900254300001400263490000700277520059000284653000900874653000800883100003100891700003400922856007200956 1987 eng d00aA new species of Trochiloecetes Paine & Mann 1913 (Insecta: Phthiraptera, Amblycera), and features of the eggs of two species of this genus0 anew species of Trochiloecetes Paine Mann 1913 Insecta Phthirapte c1987 a175 - 1840 v183 a

A new species is described, Trochiloecetes aureoventridis, parasitic on the green hummingbird, Chlorostilbon aureoventris lucidus (Shaw). A detailed study of the chorionic external morphology of the eggs of T. aureoventridis sp. nov. and T. sp. (ex Hylocharis chrysura (Shaw), cementation and egg-laying sites is given. These eggs are compared with those of T. cubanensis Mey, 1982 (ex Mellisuga helenae (Lembeye) and T. sp. (ex Chlorostilbon ricardii ricardii (Gervais), the only ones so far known. The "hatching-organ" T. aureoventridis sp. nov. is also described.

10amtax10aPHP1 aCicchino, Armando, Conrado1 aAbrahamovich, Alberto Horacio uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/4335.pdf00998nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011800041210006900159260000900228300001100237490000700248520043400255653000900689653000800698100002100706700002200727856007900749 1997 eng d00aTwo new species of Dennyus (Ctenodennyus) lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from swiftlets (Apodiformes: Apodidae)0 aTwo new species of Dennyus Ctenodennyus lice Phthiraptera Menopo c1997 a4 - 100 v703 a

The single previously-described species of Dennyus (Ctenodennyus). D. (C.) spiniger Ewing (type host Cypseloides niger), is redescribed. Two new species of this subgenus are also described and illustrated: D. (C.) southwoodi (type host-Aerodramus francicus; other hosts-A. brevirostris, A. fuciphagus, A. maximus, A. spodiopygius, A. whiteheadi) and D. (C.) elbeli (type host-Collocalia esculenta; other host-C. linchi).

10amtax10aPHP1 aPrice, Roger, D.1 aClayton, Dale, H. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3068.pdf02230nas a2200337 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260000900211300001400220490000700234520134200241653001201583653000901595653001701604653000901621653000801630653001101638653001801649653000901667653000901676653001001685653001501695653001701710653000901727653001301736653001401749100002101763700001401784700002201798856007201820 1996 eng d00aEffect of vertically transmitted ectoparasites on the reproductive success of swifts (Apus apus)0 aEffect of vertically transmitted ectoparasites on the reproducti c1996 a733 - 7400 v103 a

1. Parasites that are transmitted vertically from parent hosts to offspring are expected to be relatively benign, because their fitness depends on successful host reproduction. The effects of two species of vertically transmitted ectoparasite on the reproductive success of swifts (Apus apus L.) were tested. Populations of the Chewing Louse, Dennyus hirundinis (L.) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), and the Flightless Louse Fly, Crataerina pallida (Latreille) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), were experimentally manipulated, effectively converting the natural aggregated frequency distribution of each species into a bimodal distribution of high and low loads. 2. Neither parasite had any effect on nestling growth or fledging success, even though parasite loads were boosted above natural levels and host environmental conditions were poor during part of the study, thus increasing the chances of detecting an effect of the parasites. 3. In contrast to parasite load, year, brood size and hatch date were all significantly related to components of nestling growth. Year and brood size were also significantly related to fledging success. 4. These results are consistent with theoretical models suggesting that vertically transmitted parasites evolve reduced virulence because they depend on host reproduction for dispersal to new hosts.

10abiology10abird10aChewing lice10acost10afly10agrowth10aHippoboscidae10ahost10alice10alouse10aparasitism10aPhthiraptera10asize10asurvival10avirulence1 aTompkins, D., M.1 aJones, T.1 aClayton, Dale, H. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3000.pdf02186nas a2200265 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260000900249300001400258490000700272520128000279653001401559653000901573653001701582653001601599653000901615653001701624653001701641653001501658653001401673653001201687100002101699700001501720856018501735 2000 eng d00aSources of variability in aggregation and sex ratios of Crataerina melbae (Diptera : Hippoboscidae) among adult colonial alpine swifts0 aSources of variability in aggregation and sex ratios of Crataeri c2000 a933 - 9380 v863 a

Aggregation of Crataerina melbae dies on breeding adult alpine swifts (Apus melba) was low when compared with other host- parasite systems and varied with sampling date, year, and sex of the flies. Generalized linear models were performed to ascertain which factors, extrinsic and/or intrinsic to the host, explained variability in the number of louse flies present on a single host, i.e., abundance. Overall abundance was unrelated to any host characteristic but varied slightly among years. Abundance of female flies varied among years, but also with date of sampling, the number of females increasing as the breeding season advanced. In contrast, abundance of males decreased as the season progressed, independently of host characteristics. Despite these different patterns, the number of flies of each sex on a given host was strongly intercorrelated. These results suggest that mate attraction may explain aggregation patterns in this louse fly species. Overall sex ratio of louse flies did not differ from unity. However, the proportion of males decreased during the breeding season, as a consequence of the opposite sex-related seasonal patterns in parasite abundance. Sex-ratio variability was not related to host characteristics or to infrapopulation sizes.

10aapus apus10abird10aectoparasite10aInfestation10alice10aParasitology10aPhthiraptera10aPrevalence10aselection10asuccess1 aTella, José, L.1 aJovani, R. uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/12199418_Sources_of_variability_in_aggregation_and_sex_ratios_of_Crataerina_melbae_Diptera_Hippoboscidae_among_adult_colonial_Alpine_swifts01738nas a2200181 4500008004100000245006100041210005900102260000900161300001100170490000700181520120800188653000901396653000801405100002601413700002401439700002001463856007301483 1999 eng d00aA preliminary study on Mallophaga in South African birds0 apreliminary study on Mallophaga in South African birds c1999 a9 - 210 v683 a

Ciconiphilus decimfasciatus minor (Piag.) from Bubulcus ibis is recognized a valid subspecies. Pseudocolopocephalum doriabagla Ansari from Oriental Bubulcus ibis coromandus is regarded now as a junior synonym (syn. n.) of C. d. minor (Piag.). Austromenopon aegialitidis (Durr.) is recorded for the first time from the Afrotropical Region and from Stephanibyx coronatus. Actornithophilus hoplopteri (Mjöb.) and Cypseloecus excisus are recorded for the first time from Anitibyx armatus and Hirundo spilodera, respectively. An unknown louse of the subfamily Brueeliinae was collected from Spreo bicolor. Occurrence of the following lice species in the Afrotropical Region has been confirmed: Dennyus conarxi Bütt. from Tachymarptis melba, Colimenopon sp. from Urocolius indicus, Plegadiphilus threskiornis Bedl. from Threskiornis aethiopicus, Actornithophilus crinitus Clay from Stephanibyx coronatus, Saemundssonia africana Timm. from S. coronatus, Quadraceps kilimandjarensis (Kell.) from S. coronatus, Q. chorleyi Timm. from Antibyx armatus, Q. princeps Timm. from Rhinoptils aftricanus hartingi and Oedicnemiceps sp. from Burhinus capensis. Biometric data of parasites are presented.

10amtax10aPHP1 aZłotorzycka, Jadwiga1 aModrzejewska, Maria1 aKopij, Grzegorz uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/37852.pdf01027nas a2200253 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260000900183300001400192490000700206520031200213653001300525653001400538653000900552653001700561653001700578653002100595653001300616653001700629653001200646100002100658700002200679856007200701 1999 eng d00aHost resources govern the specificity of swiftlet lice: size matters0 aHost resources govern the specificity of swiftlet lice size matt c1999 a489 - 5000 v683 a

1. An important component of parasite diversity is the specificity for particular host taxa shown by many parasites. Specificity is often assumed to imply adaptive specialization by the parasite to its host, such that parasites are incapable of surviving and reproducing on 'foreign' hosts.

10aApodidae10aapus apus10abird10acospeciation10aectoparasite10aHost specificity10aparasite10aPhthiraptera10asuccess1 aTompkins, D., M.1 aClayton, Dale, H. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/1148.pdf00517nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123260000900192300001400201490000700215653000900222653000800231100002100239700002000260856007900280 1962 eng d00aA new species of Dennyus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) from the White-naped swift0 anew species of Dennyus Mallophaga Menoponidae from the Whitenape c1962 a161 - 1630 v7310amtax10aPHP1 aPrice, Roger, D.1 aBeer, James, R. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0988.pdf01953nas a2200265 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155260000900224300001600233490000700249520116100256653000901417653001401426653002301440653001401463653000901477653001401486653001601500653000901516100002501525700002201550700001801572700002501590856007201615 1996 eng d00aDoes behavior reflect phylogeny in cave swiftlets (Aves: Apodidae)? A test using cytochrome b mtDNA sequences0 aDoes behavior reflect phylogeny in cave swiftlets Aves Apodidae  c1996 a7091 - 70960 v933 a

[INCOMPLETE: Add alternate journal title] Swiftlets are small insectivorous birds, many of which nest in caves and are known to echolocate. Due to a lack of distinguishing morphological characters, the taxonomy of swiftlets is primarily based on the presence or absence of echolocating ability, together with nest characters. To test the reliability of these behavioral characters, we constructed an independent phylogeny using cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA sequences from swiftlets and their relatives. This phylogeny is broadly consistent with the higher classification of swifts but does not support the monophyly of swiftlets. Echolocating swiftlets (Aerodramus) and the nonecholocating ''giant swiftlet'' (Hydrochous gigas) group together, but the remaining nonecholocating swiftlets belonging to Collocalia are not sister taxa to these swiftlets. While echolocation may be a synapomorphy of Aerodramus (perhaps secondarily lost in Hydrochous), no character of Aerodramus nests showed a statistically significant fit to the molecular phylogeny, indicating that nest characters are not phylogenetically reliable in this group.

10abird10aEvolution10amaximum likelihood10amolecular10anest10astructure10asystematics10atree1 aLee, Patricia, L. M.1 aClayton, Dale, H.1 aGriffiths, R.1 aPage, Roderic, D. M. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0767.pdf01009nas a2200133 4500008004100000245004200041210004000083260000900123300001200132490000700144520062700151100001800778856007900796 1978 eng d00aAugensekret - Trinken bei Mallophagen0 aAugensekret Trinken bei Mallophagen c1978 a19 - 200 v193 a

Hitherto it was known that especially Dennyus hirundinis and D. vonarxi can drink the eye fluid of their hosts. On the 20th of May 1975 in Eisenach, I myself was able to collect two male imagos of D. hirundinis from the eyelids of a sick swift Apus apus apus. Eichler (1940) observed on a cow 'hundreds of Bovicola bovis which were present on the eyelids and apparently drank eye fluid'. Furthermore, B. bovis was observed drinking at open fly wounds. Further observations: Mallophaga Gallacanthus kaddoui on the peacock Pavo cristatus drink eye fluid, and the birds also preen these lice from each other.

1 aMey, Eberhard uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0771.pdf00445nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260000900190300001400199490000600213100002500219856007900244 1950 eng d00aA list of the type hosts of the Mallophaga and the lice described from them0 alist of the type hosts of the Mallophaga and the lice described  c1950 a365 - 3820 v31 aThompson, Gordon, B. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0618.pdf00531nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260000900208300001400217490000600231653000900237653001300246653000800259100002700267856007900294 1896 eng d00aNew Mallophaga, II, from land birds; together with an account of the Mallophagous mouth-parts0 aNew Mallophaga II from land birds together with an account of th c1896 a431 - 5480 v610amtax10aMyrsidea10aPHP1 aKellogg, Vernon, Lyman uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0474.pdf00613nas a2200217 4500008004100000245005700041210005600098260000900154300001400163490000600177653001400183653001500197653001300212653001500225653000900240653001300249653000800262653001200270100003400282856007900316 1903 eng d00aMallophaga from birds of Costa Rica, Central America0 aMallophaga from birds of Costa Rica Central America c1903 a123 - 1970 v310aAmblycera10aCosta Rica10agen.nov.10aIschnocera10amtax10aMyrsidea10aPHP10asp.nov.1 aCarriker, Melbourne Armstrong uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0467.pdf00477nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006100041210005900102260000900161300001000170490000600180653001200186653000900198653000800207100002500215856007900240 1948 eng d00aTwo new species of Dennyus (Mallophaga) from palm swifts0 aTwo new species of Dennyus Mallophaga from palm swifts c1948 a1 - 50 v710aDennyus10amtax10aPHP1 aThompson, Gordon, B. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0458.pdf00522nas a2200121 4500008004100000245017000041210007000211260000900281300001400290490000700304100002000311856006900331 1958 eng d00aÉtudes sur les Mallophages. Deux especes parasites d'Apus affinis (Aves, Apodidae): Eureum cimicoides Burmeister et Dennyus hirundinis (L.) (Amblycera, Menoponidae)0 aÉtudes sur les Mallophages Deux especes parasites dApus affinis  c1958 a477 - 4870 v131 aTendeiro, João uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/39080.pdf00528nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134260000900203300001200212490000700224653000900231653000800240100002200248700002100270856007900291 1968 eng d00aA new species of Dennyus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) from the Malaysian spine-tailed swift0 anew species of Dennyus Mallophaga Menoponidae from the Malaysian c1968 a87 - 900 v8110amtax10aPHP1 aEmerson, Kary, C.1 aPrice, Roger, D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0378.pdf00684nas a2200217 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260000900231300001400240490000800254653000900262653001700271653000900288653001100297653001100308653001000319653000800329653001600337100003400353856007900387 1960 eng d00aStudies in neotropical Mallophaga, XVII: a new family (Trochiliphagidae) and a new genus of the lice of hummingbirds0 aStudies in neotropical Mallophaga XVII a new family Trochiliphag c1960 a307 - 3420 v11210abeni10ahummingbirds10amtax10an.fam.10an.gen.10an.sp.10aPHP10atrochilidae1 aCarriker, Melbourne Armstrong uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0334.pdf00519nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260000900212300001400221490000800235653000900243653000800252100003400260856007900294 1954 eng d00aStudies in neotropical Mallophaga, XI: bird lice of the suborder Amblycera, genus Dennyus Neumann0 aStudies in neotropical Mallophaga XI bird lice of the suborder A c1954 a533 - 5490 v10310amtax10aPHP1 aCarriker, Melbourne Armstrong uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0332.pdf00553nas a2200181 4500008004100000245006700041210006400108260000900172300001400181490000700195653001400202653000900216653001600225653000800241653001300249100003000262856007900292 1954 eng d00aFünf neue Arten der Gattung Dennyus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae)0 aFünf neue Arten der Gattung Dennyus Mallophaga Menoponidae c1954 a159 - 1620 v1110aAmblycera10amtax10anew species10aPHP10ataxonomy1 aBüttiker, Wilhelm, W. G. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0329.pdf00747nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260000900195300001400204490000700218520024600225653000900471653000800480100002100488856008000509 1970 eng d00aA preliminary review of Dennyus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) parasitic on swiftlets0 apreliminary review of Dennyus Mallophaga Menoponidae parasitic o c1970 a239 - 2600 v333 a

A new subgenus is described for the species of Dennyus Neumann, 1906 parasitic on the avian genus Collocalia G. R. Gray. Rediscriptions of two known species are provided; there is one new synonym; and five new species are described.

10amtax10aPHP1 aLedger, John, A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/37056.pdf01923nas a2200181 4500008004100000245016600041210006900207260000900276300001400285490000700299520127100306653000901577653000801586100002201594700002101616700002501637856007901662 1996 eng d00aRevision of Dennyus (Collodennyus) lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from swiftlets, with descriptions of new taxa and a comparison of host-parasite relationships0 aRevision of Dennyus Collodennyus lice Phthiraptera Menoponidae f c1996 a179 - 2040 v213 a

Lice of the subgenus Dennyus(Collodennyus) are host specific, perminant parasites of swiftslets (Aves: Apodidae). As a prelude to a test of the hypothesis that these lice have cospeciated with their hosts, we revise the taxonomy of the subgenus, redescribing the seven previously recognised species, and adding thirteen new species and three new subspecies. All twenty three of these louse taxa are found on swiftlets (Apodiformes: Apodidae), with four from hosts of the genusCollocalia, eighteen from Aerodramus, and one from Hydrochous. Successful identification is associated in most cases with females; males are only tenuously seperable. A complete host parasite list for the subgenus Collodennyus is provided, as well as a key for the identification of these taxa. Limited morphological variation within the subgenus has prevented ready extraction of descrete characters for cladistic analysis. In the absence of such characters, a cluster analysis of female and male characters is presented. Comparison of a dendrogram for Dennyus (Collodennyus) with a molecular phylogeny for the swiftlet hosts suggests that the history of the swiftlet-louse association has been complex, including episodes of host switching and independent speciation by the lice.

10amtax10aPHP1 aClayton, Dale, H.1 aPrice, Roger, D.1 aPage, Roderic, D. M. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0143.pdf01364nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260000900211300001200220490000700232520085600239653000901095653000801104100002101112856007301133 1971 eng d00aA review of Dennyus (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) parasitic on the avian genera Apus and Cypsiurus0 areview of Dennyus Phthiraptera Menoponidae parasitic on the avia c1971 a37 - 560 v343 a

Ten species of Dennyus that have been described from swifts belonging to the genera Apus and Cypsiurus are delt with. Reasons are given for considering five of them. (Nitzschia minor Kellogg & Paine, 1914; Dennys truncatiformis Mokhehle, 1951; D. africanus Büttiker, 1954; D. maritimus Büttiker, 1954; D. minutus Büttiker, 1954) to be synonyms of D. hirundinis (Linnaeus) sens. lat. A sixth species (D. clayae Nakagawa, 1959) is represented by insufficient material for any conclusions to be reached. The remaining four species (D. hirundinis (Linnaeus, 1761); D. cypsiurus Thompson, 1948; D. vonarxi Büttiker, 1954; D. aequatoralis Ledger, 1968) are described and illustrated; a key is provided for their identification. The relationships of certain host species are discussed in the light of their Dennyus parasites.

10amtax10aPHP1 aLedger, John, A. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/36886.pdf00489nam a2200121 4500008004100000245005500041210005100096260004300147300001700190100002300207700001800230856011900248 1952 eng d00aFleas, Flukes & Cuckoos: A Study of Bird Parasites0 aFleas Flukes Cuckoos A Study of Bird Parasites aLondonbCollins Son and Co. Ltd.c1952 axiv + 305 pp1 aRothschild, Miriam1 aClay, Theresa uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0049.pdf; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/title/641301016nas a2200253 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260000900209300001200218490000700230520028800237653001300525653000900538653001200547653000800559653001800567653001000585653001700595653001700612653001400629100002500643700002200668856007200690 1995 eng d00aPopulation biology of swift (Apus apus) ectoparasites in relation to host reproductive success0 aPopulation biology of swift Apus apus ectoparasites in relation  c1995 a43 - 500 v203 a

1. We censused ectoparasite populations of adult nestling swifts over the course of the hosts breeding season. Nearly all of the birds were infested with chewing lice and two thirds of the nests were infested with louse flies. Feather mites were observed but not quantified.

10aApodidae10abird10aDiptera10afly10aHippoboscidae10alouse10aPhthiraptera10atransmission10avirulence1 aLee, Patricia, L. M.1 aClayton, Dale, H. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0042.pdf00454nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260000900212300001400221490000700235100001800242856007200260 1950 eng d00aA preliminary survey of the distribution of Mallophaga ('Feather lice') on the class Aves (Birds)0 apreliminary survey of the distribution of Mallophaga Feather lic c1950 a430 - 4430 v491 aClay, Theresa uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0005.pdf