02969nas a2200409 4500008004100000020001400041245006400055210006300119260001800182300001200200490000700212520177900219653001601998653004002014653001002054653001202064653003302076653001002109653002102119653002502140653001402165653003102179653002402210653001102234653002402245653004302269653001402312653002602326653001402352653001902366653002102385653001002406100001402416700001402430700001802444856009702462 2005 eng d a0738-399100aExclusion of ill children from child-care centers in Israel0 aExclusion of ill children from childcare centers in Israel aIrelandc2005 a93 - 970 v563 aThe aim of the study was to examine criteria for ill children in child-care centers. A questionnaire on practices of exclusion/return of children according to specific signs and symptoms was mailed to the directors of care centers in central Israel. Thirty-six of the 60 questionnaires (60%) were returned by mail and the reminded were completed in personal visits to the CCCs achieving a response rate of 100%. About half (51.7%) used "common sense" and "personal feelings" to exclude children and to allow their return, and 29 (48.3%) used the guidelines of the Ministries of Education and Health or other authorities. The percentage of centers excluding children by signs/symptoms was as follows: high fever (>38 degrees C), 100%; low-grade fever, 76.7%; asthma exacerbation, 80.0%; heavy cough, 75.0%; eye discharge or conjunctivitis, 83.3%; diarrhea and vomiting more than twice per day, 100%; rash, 72.3%; otalgia, 46.7%; and infected skin lesion, 66.7%. Only four centers excluded children with head lice. Most centers required a physician's note on return of a child after high fever (76.7%), eye discharge or conjunctivitis (48.3%), and from 75 to 80%, respectively, for frequent vomiting and bloody or mucinous diarrhea. The results show that exclusion practices among child-care centers (CCCs) vary widely, suggesting the need for the establishment of a uniform exclusion and return policy in Israel, with distribution of clear, up-to-date guidelines on the prevention and control of communicable diseases to all day-care centers. In a simple way, this study identified attitudes concerning the exclusion/return of sick children in CCCs and was useful for the discussion of the related policy with CCCs responsible and national health and educational authorities.10aAbsenteeism10aAdministrative Personnel/psychology10aadult10aanimals10aAttitude of Health Personnel10achild10aChild, Preschool10aCommunicable Disease10aconsensus10aFever/prevention & control10aGuideline Adherence10ahumans10aIsrael/epidemiology10aLice Infestations/prevention & control10aMorbidity10aOrganizational Policy10aPediculus10aQuestionnaires10ascalp dermatoses10avomit1 aKahan, E.1 aGross, S.1 aCohen, H., A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/exclusion-ill-children-child-care-centers-israel01913nas a2200313 4500008004100000020001400041245005600055210005500111260001800166300001200184490000600196520101200202653001201214653001301226653004701239653002201286653001201308653001101320653001301331653001401344653001101358653003101369653002401400653002201424653001301446100002201459700001901481856009901500 2005 eng d a1740-152600aPalaeomicrobiology: current issues and perspectives0 aPalaeomicrobiology current issues and perspectives aEnglandc2005 a23 - 350 v33 a
Palaeomicrobiology is an emerging field that is devoted to the detection, identification and characterization of microorganisms in ancient remains. Data indicate that host-associated microbial DNA can survive for almost 20,000 years, and environmental bacterial DNA preserved in permafrost samples has been dated to 400,000-600,000 years. In addition to frozen and mummified soft tissues, bone and dental pulp can also be used to search for microbial pathogens. Various techniques, including microscopy and immunodetection, can be used in palaeomicrobiology, but most data have been obtained using PCR-based molecular techniques. Infections caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites have all been diagnosed using palaeomicrobiological techniques. Additionally, molecular typing of ancient pathogens could help to reconstruct the epidemiology of past epidemics and could feed into current models of emerging infections, therefore contributing to the development of appropriate preventative measures.
10aanimals10aAnoplura10aBacteria/genetics/isolation & purification10aDisease Outbreaks10agenetic10agenome10aGenotype10aHelminths10ahumans10aMicrobiological Techniques10aMicrobiology/trends10aMolecular Biology10aprotozoa1 aDrancourt, Michel1 aRaoult, Didier uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/palaeomicrobiology-current-issues-and-perspectives00634nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245005400055210005100109260000900160300000800169490000700177653001200184653002100196653001100217653001200228653003000240653001400270653002100284100001900305856009200324 2005 eng d a1097-678700aA non-chemical therapeutic modality for head lice0 anonchemical therapeutic modality for head lice c2005 a3740 v5210aanimals10aChild, Preschool10ahumans10ahygiene10aLice Infestations/therapy10aPediculus10ascalp dermatoses1 aResnik, K., S. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/non-chemical-therapeutic-modality-head-lice01768nas a2200325 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260000900232300001200241490000700253520076700260653001201027653001701039653001001056653002101066653000901087653001101096653003501107653002001142653001401162653003701176100001901213700001901232700002601251700002001277700002901297700001801326700002501344856007301369 2005 eng d00aMethod to measure force required to remove Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) eggs from human hair0 aMethod to measure force required to remove Pediculus humanus cap c2005 a89 - 930 v423 aHead lice are very common and mainly affect children between 3 and 12 yr old. Little is known about the way nits, the eggs of the head louse, are attached to the hair. In this report, an objective measurement procedure for the ease with which nits can be removed is presented. The first peak force, associated with the start of nit movement, and the average and maximal force during the sliding of the nit were measured. The three force variables correlated with the length of the cylinder by which the nit was attached to the hair. A negative correlation was found between the maximum force exerted and the distance of the nit from the scalp. The method described in this report can be used to determine the in vitro efficacy of various products to remove nits.10aanimals10aBiomechanics10achild10aChild, Preschool10ahair10ahumans10aLice Infestations/parasitology10aOvum/physiology10aPediculus10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't1 aLapeere, Hilde1 aBrochez, Lieve1 aHaeghen, Yves, Vander1 aMabilde, Cyriel1 aStichele, Robert, Vander1 aLeybaert, Luc1 aNaeyaert, Jean-Marie uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44662.pdf02025nas a2200301 4500008004100000020001400041245005500055210004800110260001800158300001400176490000700190520120400197653001201401653001301413653000801426653001101434653001501445653001401460653001501474653003701489653001401526100002201540700002501562700001601587700001501603700001901618856008601637 2005 eng d a0962-108300aOn the ubiquity and phylogeny of Wolbachia in lice0 aubiquity and phylogeny of Wolbachia in lice aEnglandc2005 a285 - 2940 v143 aWolbachia are intracellular bacteria that occur in an estimated 20% of arthropod species. They are of broad interest because they profoundly affect the reproductive fitness of diverse host taxa. Here we document the apparent ubiquity and diversity of Wolbachia in the insect orders Anoplura (sucking lice) and Mallophaga (chewing lice), by detecting single or multiple infections in each of 25 tested populations of lice, representing 19 species from 15 genera spanning eight taxonomic families. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a high diversity of Wolbachia in lice, as evidenced by the identification of 39 unique strains. Some of these strains are apparently unique to lice, whereas others are similar to strains that infect other insect taxa. Wolbachia are transmitted from infected females to their offspring via egg cytoplasm, such that similar species of lice are predicted to have similar strains of Wolbachia. This predicted pattern is not supported in the current study and may reflect multiple events of recent horizontal transmission between host species. At present, there is no known mechanism that would allow for this latter mode of transmission to and within species of lice.
10aanimals10aAnoplura10adna10ahumans10aMallophaga10aPhylogeny10apolymerase10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aWolbachia1 aKyei-Poku, G., K.1 aColwell, Douglas, D.1 aCoghlin, P.1 aBenkel, B.1 aFloate, K., D. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/ubiquity-and-phylogeny-wolbachia-lice01351nas a2200265 4500008004100000020001400041245004400055210004100099260000900140300001100149490000800160520061800168653001200786653001000798653002000808653001100828653001600839653005800855653001400913653001500927653001000942100002500952700002100977856008700998 2005 eng d a1474-547X00aNew head-lice treatments: hope or hype?0 aNew headlice treatments hope or hype c2005 a8 - 100 v3653 aExamines a possible new treatment for head lice. Increase in cases in developed countries which is suspected to be the result of increasing resistance to pyrethroid-based treatments; Examination of the lice which showed mutation in a region in the membrane of the nerve cell; Claims of Dale Pearlman who has a new product on the market; Dispute of the science behind the claims; Suspicion that the study used to make claims was written by Pearlman who holds the patents which therefore ruins any objectivity; Suggestion that the product is not ready for use; Advice on other ways to get rid of head lice.
10aanimals10achild10aDrug Resistance10ahumans10ainsecticide10aLice Infestations/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology10aPediculus10aPrevalence10ascalp1 aRoberts, Richard, J.1 aBurgess, Ian, F. uhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(04)17677-0/fulltext00844nas a2200265 4500008004100000020001400041245006700055210006700122260002000189300001400209490000800223653001000231653001200241653001000253653001100263653003200274653004700306653001200353653001400365653004200379100001700421700002000438700002000458856010000478 2005 eng d a0025-729X00aReliability of parental reports of head lice in their children0 aReliability of parental reports of head lice in their children aAustraliac2005 a137 - 1380 v18210aadult10aanimals10achild10ahumans10aLice Infestations/diagnosis10aMass Screening/statistics & numerical data10aParents10aPediculus10aSelf Care/statistics & numerical data1 aCounahan, M.1 aAndrews, R., M.1 aSpeare, Richard uhttps://www.mja.com.au/journal/2005/182/3/reliability-parental-reports-head-lice-their-children00781nas a2200265 4500008004100000020001400041245009300055210006900148260000900217300001200226490000600238653001200244653002800256653001500284653001100299653001600310653002700326653001400353653001400367653001200381653002300393653001100416100002400427856006400451 2005 eng d a1545-961600aA dermatologist's response to the American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines on Head Lice0 adermatologists response to the American Academy of Pediatrics Gu c2005 a14 - 150 v410aanimals10aDrugs, Non-Prescription10aGuidelines10ahumans10ainsecticide10aInsecticide resistance10aPediculus10aPyrethrum10aschools10aSocieties, Medical10aU.S.A.1 aBurkhart, Craig, G. uhttp://www.headlice.org/news/2005/dermatologistresponse.htm00862nas a2200277 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260000900195300001400204490000800218653002800226653001200254653001300266653001100279653002000290653001600310653006600326653001500392653001700407653002200424100001600446700001700462700001400479700001800493856007300511 2005 eng d00aEfficacy of eprinomectin against Linognathus vituli and Bovicola bovis on calves0 aEfficacy of eprinomectin against Linognathus vituli and Bovicola c2005 a112 - 1130 v15610aAdministration, Topical10aanimals10aAnoplura10acattle10aCattle Diseases10ainsecticide10aIvermectin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use10aMallophaga10aTime Factors10aTreatment Outcome1 aRehbein, S.1 aPitt, S., R.1 aRossi, L.1 aPollmeier, M. uhttps://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1136/vr.156.4.11202439nas a2200397 4500008004100000020001400041245007600055210006900131260000900200300001400209490000800223520126800231653001501499653002501514653001201539653004001551653001701591653001501608653002201623653002601645653003201671653001301703653000901716653003701725653004501762653000901807653002001816100002201836700002101858700002001879700001801899700002101917700001901938700001501957856006901972 2005 eng d a0962-845200aAdaptive significance of avian beak morphology for ectoparasite control0 aAdaptive significance of avian beak morphology for ectoparasite c2005 a811 - 8170 v2723 aThe beaks of Darwin's finches and other birds are among the best known examples of adaptive evolution. Beak morphology is usually interpreted in relation to its critical role in feeding. However, the beak also plays an important role in preening, which is the first line of defence against harmful ectoparasites such as feather lice, fleas, bugs, flies, ticks and feather mites. Here, we show a feature of the beak specifically adapted for ectoparasite control. Experimental trimming of the tiny (1-2 mm) maxillary overhang of rock pigeons (Columba livia) had no effect on feeding efficiency, yet triggered a dramatic increase in feather lice and the feather damage they cause. The overhang functions by generating a shearing force against the tip of the lower mandible, which moves forward remarkably quickly during preening, at up to 31 timesper second. This force damages parasite exoskeletons, significantly enhancing the efficiency of preening for parasite control. Overhangs longer than the natural mean of 1.6mm break significantly more often than short overhangs. Hence, stabilizing selection will favour overhangs of intermediate length. The adaptive radiation of beak morphology should be re-assessed with both feeding and preening in mind.
10aadaptation10aAnalysis of Variance10aanimals10aBeak/anatomy & histology/physiology10aBiomechanics10aColumbidae10aComparative Study10aFeathers/parasitology10aFeeding Behavior/physiology10agrooming10alice10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.10aUtah10aVideo Recording1 aClayton, Dale, H.1 aMoyer, Brett, R.1 aBush, Sarah, E.1 aJones, T., G.1 aGardiner, D., W.1 aRhodes, B., B.1 aGoller, F. uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45880.pdf01815nas a2200277 4500008004100000020001400041245008200055210006900137260000900206300001600215490000800231520101300239653001201252653001301264653002301277653002701300653001101327653001401338653001101352653002001363653003701383653001701420100002001437700001901457856006101476 2005 eng d a0022-189900aExcretion of living Borrelia recurrentis in feces of infected human body lice0 aExcretion of living Borrelia recurrentis in feces of infected hu c2005 a1898 - 19060 v1913 aLouse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF), caused by Borrelia recurrentis, is 1 of the most dangerous arthropod-borne diseases. Infection is thought to occur through louse crushing. Lice feces have not been shown to contain living borreliae. We infected 800 body lice by feeding them on a rabbit made spirochetemic by the injection of 2 x 106 borreliae. The life span of infected lice was not shortened. Once infected, lice remained infected for life but did not transmit borreliae to their progeny or to nurse rabbits. B. recurrentis infection was observed throughout lice and spread into hemolymph on day 5 after infection. We describe 2 unprecedented phenomena. In hemolymph, B. recurrentis formed clumps of aggregated borreliae. Using immunofluorescence assay, transmission electron microscopy, and culture, we detected borreliae excreted in lice feces beginning on day 14 after infection. We conclude that, similar to epidemic typhus and trench fever, transmission of LBRF may be caused by lice feces.
10aanimals10aBorrelia10aFeces/microbiology10aHemolymph/microbiology10ahumans10aPediculus10aRabbit10aRelapsing Fever10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aTime Factors1 aHouhamdi, Linda1 aRaoult, Didier uhttps://academic.oup.com/jid/article/191/11/1898/219189100744nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245005400055210005300109260000900162300001600171490000800187653001200195653001300207653003500220653001100255653001600266653003000282653001400312653002100326653004300347100002100390856009100411 2005 eng d a1098-427500aNuvo lotion and the future of head-lice treatment0 aNuvo lotion and the future of headlice treatment c2005 a1452 - 14530 v11510aanimals10aAsphyxia10aFatty Alcohols/therapeutic use10ahumans10ainsecticide10aLice Infestations/therapy10aPediculus10ascalp dermatoses10aSodium Dodecyl Sulfate/therapeutic use1 aPearlman, D., L. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/nuvo-lotion-and-future-head-lice-treatment00473nas a2200193 4500008004100000245002800041210002600069260000900095300001400104490000700118653001200125653001200137653000900149653000800158653001100166653001100177100002200188856006900210 2005 eng d00aRats, lice, and Zinsser0 aRats lice and Zinsser c2005 a492 - 4960 v1110aanimals10ahistory10alice10arat10atyphus10aU.S.A.1 aWeissmann, Gerald uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45885.pdf01833nas a2200277 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260000900226300001400235490000700249520099200256653001201248653001301260653001501273653001901288653001101307653001201318653005601330653001501386653002201401100002001423700001401443700001501457700001901472856006401491 2005 eng d00aInfestation of Werneckiella equi on Icelandic horses, characteristics of predilection sites and lice dermatitis0 aInfestation of Werneckiella equi on Icelandic horses characteris c2005 a398 - 4010 v963 aLice infestations on horses caused by the lice Werneckiella (Damalinia) equi and Haematopinus equi are observed worldwide. In this study, the distribution and clinical manifestations of lice on Icelandic horses were examined. Thirty-eight out of 93 animals (40.86%) were identified as infested with W. equi. Sixty-eight animals (73.12%) presented dermatological lesions associated with lice infestation, while only 32 of these animals presented lice. Six animals had no clinical signs although of being lice-positive, and 19 animals (20.43%) showed neither lice nor clinical manifestations. Lice burdens varied from animal to animal, and clinical manifestations occurred at all levels of infestation. Focal alopecia was the main clinical sign (83.78%) on lice-positive horses, while scaling and crusts occurred in 10.81% and 9.68% of the cases, respectively. Clinical signs present in the head and the neck/mane area were found to be an indication of lice infestation in horses.
10aanimals10aAnoplura10adermatitis10aHorse Diseases10ahorses10aIceland10aLice Infestations/epidemiology/pathology/veterinary10aMallophaga10aParasitic disease1 aLarsen, Kim, S.1 aEydal, M.1 aMencke, N.1 aSigurdsson, H. uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00436-005-1380-001765nas a2200313 4500008004100000020001400041245013400055210006900189260000900258300001200267490000700279520082200286653001201108653000801120653000901128653001101137653002201148653003601170653001301206653001401219653001501233100002101248700001901269700001301288700002801301700002501329700002401354856007301378 2005 eng d a0018-067X00aThe head and body lice of humans are genetically distinct (Insecta: Phthiraptera, Pediculidae): evidence from double infestations0 ahead and body lice of humans are genetically distinct Insecta Ph c2005 a34 - 400 v953 aLittle is known about the population genetics of the louse infestations of humans. We used microsatellite DNA to study 11 double infestations, that is, hosts infested with head lice and body lice simultaneously. We tested for population structure on a host, and for population structure among seven hosts that shared sleeping quarters. We also sought evidence of migration among louse populations. Our results showed that: (i) the head and body lice on these individual hosts were two genetically distinct populations; (ii) each host had their own populations of head and body lice that were genetically distinct to those on other hosts; and (iii) lice had migrated from head to head, and from body to body, but not between heads and bodies. Our results indicate that head and body lice are separate species.
10aanimals10adna10ahead10ahumans10alice infestations10aMicrosatellite Repeats/genetics10amovement10aPediculus10apolymerase1 aLeo, Natalie, P.1 aHughes, J., M.1 aYang, X.1 aPoudel, Shree, Kanta S.1 aBrogdon, William, G.1 aBarker, Stephen, C. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44646.pdf00605nas a2200205 4500008004100000020001400041245004800055210004700103260000900150300001400159490000700173653001200180653001100192653001600203653004500219653001400264100001600278700001800294856008700312 2005 eng d a0342-960100aDrugs for head lice. Toxicology and actions0 aDrugs for head lice Toxicology and actions c2005 a167 - 1720 v2810aanimals10ahumans10ainsecticide10aLice Infestations/diagnosis/drug therapy10aPediculus1 aSendzik, J.1 aStahlmann, R. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/drugs-head-lice-toxicology-and-actions00665nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245006300055210006300118260001800181300000900199490000800208653001200216653000900228653001100237653001600248653003000264653001400294653002100308100001600329856010200345 2005 eng d a1468-583300aShaving can be safer head lice treatment than insecticides0 aShaving can be safer head lice treatment than insecticides aEnglandc2005 a15100 v33010aanimals10ahair10ahumans10ainsecticide10aLice Infestations/therapy10aPediculus10ascalp dermatoses1 aLwegaba, A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/shaving-can-be-safer-head-lice-treatment-insecticides01149nas a2200301 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187260000900256300001400265490000700279520019000286653001200476653001400488653001000502653001100512653002700523653001600550653001400566653001500580653003700595100002800632700001600660700002500676700003300701700002900734700002700763856005700790 2005 eng d00aIncreased monooxygenase activity associated with resistance to permethrin in Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina0 aIncreased monooxygenase activity associated with resistance to p c2005 a342 - 3450 v423 aWe studied the profile of permethrin resistance in populations of head lice infesting children 6-12 yr old in schools and their homes in and around Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fiv
10aanimals10aArgentina10achild10ahumans10aInsecticide resistance10aPediculosis10aPediculus10aPermethrin10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't1 aGonzález-Audino, Paola1 aBarrios, S.1 aVassena, Claudia, V.1 aMougabure-Cueto, Gastón, A.1 aZerba, Eduardo, Nicolás1 aPicollo, María, Inés uhttps://academic.oup.com/jme/article/42/3/342/84905802552nas a2200361 4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162260000900231300001600240490000800256520146200264653002801726653001501754653001001769653001201779653001001791653002101801653002201822653001101844653001601855653003501871653001401906653001401920653003701934653002101971653003801992653002202030100002102052700002502073700001902098856007302117 2005 eng d a1468-583300aTreatment of head louse infestation with 4% dimeticone lotion: randomised controlled equivalence trial0 aTreatment of head louse infestation with 4 dimeticone lotion ran c2005 a1423 - 14260 v3303 aOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4% dimeticone lotion for treatment of head louse infestation.DESIGN: Randomised controlled equivalence trial. SETTING: Community, with home visits. PARTICIPANTS: 214 young people aged 4 to 18 years and 39 adults with active head louse infestation. INTERVENTIONS: Two applications seven days apart of either 4.0% dimeticone lotion, applied for eight hours or overnight, or 0.5% phenothrin liquid, applied for 12 hours or overnight. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cure of infestation (no evidence of head lice after second treatment) or reinfestation after cure. RESULTS: Cure or reinfestation after cure occurred in 89 of 127 (70%) participants treated with dimeticone and 94 of 125 (75%) treated with phenothrin (difference -5%, 95% confidence interval -16% to 6%). Per protocol analysis showed that 84 of 121 (69%) participants were cured with dimeticone and 90 of 116 (78%) were cured with phenothrin. Irritant reactions occurred significantly less with dimeticone (3/127, 2%) than with phenothrin (11/125, 9%; difference -6%, -12% to -1%). Per protocol this was 3 of 121 (3%) participants treated with dimeticone and 10 of 116 (9%) treated with phenothrin (difference -6%, -12% to -0.3%). CONCLUSION: Dimeticone lotion cures head louse infestation. Dimeticone seems less irritant than existing treatments and has a physical action on lice that should not be affected by resistance to neurotoxic insecticides.
10aAdministration, Topical10aadolescent10aadult10aanimals10achild10aChild, Preschool10aFollow-Up Studies10ahumans10ainsecticide10aLice Infestations/drug therapy10aPediculus10aPyrethrum10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10ascalp dermatoses10aSiloxanes/administration & dosage10aTreatment Outcome1 aBurgess, Ian, F.1 aBrown, Christine, M.1 aLee, Peter, N. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44641.pdf00653nas a2200229 4500008004100000020001400041245004500055210004300100260001800143300001400161490000700175653001200182653001000194653001100204653004300215653001400258653001500272653002100287100001400308700001800322856008300340 2005 eng d a0332-310200aHead lice in children--a modern pandemic0 aHead lice in childrena modern pandemic aIrelandc2005 a156 - 1570 v9810aanimals10achild10ahumans10aLice Infestations/therapy/transmission10aPediculus10aPermethrin10ascalp dermatoses1 aWalsh, J.1 aNicholson, A. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/head-lice-children-modern-pandemic01677nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245005700055210005700112260001800169300000800187490000800195520097100203653001201174653001401186653000901200653001601209653001101225653004301236653001401279653002101293100002701314856009401341 2005 eng d a1468-583300aShaving for head lice is unnecessary and distressing0 aShaving for head lice is unnecessary and distressing aEnglandc2005 a4050 v3313 aEDITOR—Lwegaba argues that shaving can be a safer treatment for head lice than insecticides.1 However, shaving for head lice is far from ideal in children.Western Australia's Department of Health does not recommend shaving hair to remove head lice. Shaving is only a short term solution. It is unnecessary (other effective treatments are available), it can distress the child, and it is often the result of despairing parents receiving out of date advice. A more effective approach is to involve parents and other school community members in establishing a substantial ongoing head lice management programme in schools that provides accurate, research based advice on screening for and treating head lice and helps to interrupt the cycle of reinfestation that can be perpetuated in school communities. Western Australia's Department of Health has produced a school head lice resource (www.health.wa.gov.au/headlice) to help school communities develop a head . . 10aanimals10aAustralia10ahair10ahealth care10ahumans10aLice Infestations/prevention & control10aPediculus10ascalp dermatoses1 aBrenton, Christine, M. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/shaving-head-lice-unnecessary-and-distressing01248nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245003600055210003600091260001800127300001400145490000800159520060300167653001200770653000900782653001100791653001200802653001600814653004300830653001400873653002100887100001800908856008000926 2005 eng d a1468-583300aCombing and combating head lice0 aCombing and combating head lice aEnglandc2005 a362 - 3630 v3313 aYou have to take your hat off to the head louse. Described in ancient Egyptian and Greek medical texts, it has been a source of irritation and disgust for thousands of years. Today, with a search on Google yielding 699 000 hits, the mostly harmless head louse has developed into an apparently fearsome pest. During the past 2000 years, a wide range of treatments for head louse infestation has been proposed. Not one has worked sufficiently for it to be regarded as a panacea. The comparison of effectiveness of comb and pediculicide, as reported in a paper in this week's BMJ, is certainly not new10aanimals10ahair10ahumans10ahygiene10ainsecticide10aLice Infestations/prevention & control10aPediculus10ascalp dermatoses1 aDawes, Martin uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/combing-and-combating-head-lice03087nas a2200409 4500008004100000020001400041245010500055210006900160260001800229300001400247490000800261520194900269653001502218653001002233653001602243653001202259653001102271653001002282653002102292653001602313653001702329653001102346653001102357653003502368653001602403653001402419653003702433653001202470653002102482653001202503653001002515100002202525700001502547700001502562700002302577856007702600 2005 eng d a0007-096300aEpidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in resource-poor communities in Brazil0 aEpidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in aEnglandc2005 a150 - 1560 v1533 aBACKGROUND: Pediculosis capitis and scabies are common parasitic skin diseases, especially in resource-poor communities, but data on epidemiology and morbidity are scanty. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence, seasonal variation and morbidity of pediculosis capitis and scabies in poor neighbourhoods in north-east Brazil. METHODS: The study comprised cross-sectional surveys of a representative population of an urban slum (n = 1460) in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceara State (Brazil) and a fishing community 60 km south of the city (n = 605). Study participants were examined for the presence of scabies and pediculosis capitis. In a longitudinal study in the slum, variation of prevalence in different seasons of the year was assessed. RESULTS: Prevalence of pediculosis capitis was 43.4% in the slum and 28.1% in the fishing community. Children aged 10-14 years and females were most frequently affected. Scabies was present in 8.8% of the population in the slum and in 3.8% of the population in the fishing community. There was no consistent pattern of age distribution. Superinfection was common in patients with scabies, and cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with pediculosis capitis. Multivariate analysis showed that age < or = 15 years, being of female sex and living in the urban slum were independent factors contributing to the simultaneous coinfestation with pediculosis capitis and scabies. The longitudinal data from the urban slum showed a characteristic seasonal variation of pediculosis capitis, but no fluctuation of scabies. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculosis capitis and scabies are hyperendemic in the study areas and are associated with considerable morbidity. There is an urgent need to develop control measures for these parasitic skin diseases in resource-poor communities. This is the first community-based study describing in detail the epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and head lice infestation in Brazil.
10aadolescent10aadult10aAge Factors10aanimals10aBrazil10achild10aChild, Preschool10aComorbidity10aepidemiology10ahumans10aInfant10aLice Infestations/epidemiology10aMiddle Aged10aPediculus10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10aScabies10ascalp dermatoses10aSeasons10aUrban1 aHeukelbach, Jörg1 aWilcke, T.1 aWinter, B.1 aFeldmeier, Hermann uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06591.x02393nas a2200445 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196260000900265300001400274490000800288520111600296653001501412653001201427653001001439653002101449653002201470653002801492653000901520653001101529653001201540653001101552653001601563653004301579653001401622653001401636653001501650653003701665653001701702653002101719653002401740653002201764100001601786700001301802700002001815700001501835700001601850700002301866700001301889856004501902 2005 eng d00aSingle blind, randomised, comparative study of the Bug Buster kit and over the counter pediculicide treatments against head lice in the United Kingdom0 aSingle blind randomised comparative study of the Bug Buster kit c2005 a384 - 3870 v3313 aOBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the Bug Buster kit with a single treatment of over the counter pediculicides for eliminating head lice. DESIGN: Single blind, multicentre, randomised, comparative clinical study. SETTING: Four counties in England and one county in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: 133 young people aged 2-15 years with head louse infestation: 56 were allocated to the Bug Buster kit and 70 to pediculicide treatment. INTERVENTIONS: Home use of proprietary pediculicides (organophosphate or pyrethroid) or the Bug Buster kit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Presence of head lice 2-4 days after end of treatment: day 5 for the pediculicides and day 15 for the Bug Buster kit. RESULTS: The cure rate using the Bug Buster kit was significantly greater than that for the pediculicides (57% v 13%; relative risk 4.4, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 8.5). Number needed to treat for the Bug Buster kit compared with the pediculicides was 2.26. CONCLUSION: The Bug Buster kit was the most effective over the counter treatment for head louse infestation in the community when compared with pediculicides.
10aadolescent10aanimals10achild10aChild, Preschool10aComparative Study10aDrugs, Non-Prescription10ahair10ahumans10ahygiene10aInfant10ainsecticide10aLice Infestations/prevention & control10aMalathion10aPediculus10aPermethrin10aResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't10arisk factors10ascalp dermatoses10aSingle-Blind Method10aTreatment Outcome1 aHill, Nigel1 aMoor, G.1 aCameron, M., M.1 aButlin, A.1 aPreston, S.1 aWilliamson, M., S.1 aBass, C. uhttps://www.bmj.com/content/331/7513/38400995nas a2200301 4500008004100000020001400041245007700055210006900132260000900201300001200210490000800222653001200230653006900242653002200311653001500333653002800348653006000376653001100436653004000447653001400487653001400501653001300515653001000528653001000538653001800548100001800566856010900584 2005 eng d a1438-327600aPrescriptions for the unhealthy scalp. How to treat itching and dandruff0 aPrescriptions for the unhealthy scalp How to treat itching and d c2005 a36 - 380 v14710aanimals10aAnti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use10aComparative Study10adermatitis10aDiagnosis, Differential10aGlucocorticoids/administration & dosage/therapeutic use10ahumans10aLice Infestations/diagnosis/therapy10aOintments10aPediculus10aPruritus10ascalp10aSoaps10aTriamcinolone1 aTrueb, R., M. uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/content/prescriptions-unhealthy-scalp-how-treat-itching-and-dandruff01978nas a2200313 4500008004100000020001400041245012500055210006900180260002300249300001200272490000700284520098200291653001201273653001801285653001001303653001601313653005901329653001501388653004201403653001401445653001201459653002201471653000901493100001401502700002601516700001901542700002001561856008301581 2005 eng d a1019-912800aSeasonal occurrence and production effects of the biting louse Damalinia limbata on Angora goats and 2 treatment options0 aSeasonal occurrence and production effects of the biting louse D aSouth Africac2005 a74 - 780 v763 aAdult biting lice Damalinia limbata (Gervais 1844) were most numerous on Angora goats in southwestern Free State Province from November to May with the smallest numbers present during August. Nymphs were most numerous from January to March with the smallest numbers present during July. The largest proportion of adult lice was present on the ventral surface of goats during winter, when population numbers were lowest, and the largest proportion of nymphs during summer, when population numbers were highest. Infestation did not affect the body weight of goats, but adversely affected both the quantity and quality of mohair produced. A single treatment with deltamethrin, applied as a pour-on along the mid-line of the backs of the goats, effectively controlled infestation and resulted in a significant increase in mohair production compared with untreated goats. Deltamethrin sprayed along the sides of the animals was equally effective in controlling infestation.
10aanimals10agoat diseases10agoats10ainsecticide10aLice Infestations/drug therapy/epidemiology/veterinary10aMallophaga10aNitriles/pharmacology/therapeutic use10aPyrethrum10aSeasons10aTreatment Outcome10awool1 aBrown, L.1 avan der Linde, T., C.1 aFourie, L., J.1 aHorak, Ivan, G. uhttps://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/59f2/e44ffe9b3f3e187356a67a27acf408ae56be.pdf00644nas a2200229 4500008004100000020001400041245002400055210002400079260000900103300001200112490000700124653001200131653001000143653004400153653001100197653003500208653001400243653001400257653002100271100000500292856011700297 2005 eng d a0025-732X00aDrugs for head lice0 aDrugs for head lice c2005 a68 - 700 v4710aanimals10achild10aDrugs, Non-Prescription/therapeutic use10ahumans10aLice Infestations/drug therapy10aPediculus10apesticide10ascalp dermatoses1 a uhttps://secure.medicalletter.org/article-share?a=1215c&p=tml&title=Drugs%20for%20Head%20Lice&cannotaccesstitle=101465nas a2200253 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260000900205300001400214490000700228520071900235653001200954653001800966653001500984653001200999653001501011653003301026653001001059100002101069700001301090700001801103700001701121856007301138 2005 eng d00aPhoretic association of mites and mallophaga with the pigeon fly Pseudolynchia canariensis0 aPhoretic association of mites and mallophaga with the pigeon fly c2005 a277 - 2790 v123 aMyialges anchora Trouessart, 1906 and M. lophortyx (Furman & Tarshis, 1953) gravid females, surrounded by clusters of eggs, were found strongly inserted into the cuticle of head, thorax, abdomen, femurs and wings of Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart, 1840), a hippoboscid fly parasite of the pigeon. This lousefly results obligatory host for ovigerous females of Myialges and for the development of their eggs, and phoretic host because the dispersal of hatching larvae to new hosts may then occur with dispersal of fly carriers. Together with the Myiolges species, not ovigerous females of Ornithocheyletia hallae Smiley, 1970 and Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus, 1758) were found on the pigeon fly.
10aanimals10abird diseases10aColumbidae10aDiptera10aMallophaga10aMite Infestations/veterinary10amites1 aMacchioni, Fabio1 aMagi, M.1 aMancianti, F.1 aPerrucci, S. uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/44607.pdf