04685nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171300000900240490000700249520399000256653001904246653001604265653000904281653001404290653001904304100001804323700001904341700001704360700001804377856007204395 2019 eng d00aLice infestations of Steppe Buzzards (Buteo buteo vulpinus) markedly differ from those of Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo buteo)0 aLice infestations of Steppe Buzzards Buteo buteo vulpinus marked a7 pp0 v533 a
ABSTRACT.—The Steppe Buzzard (Buteo buteo vulpinus), an eastern subspecies of the Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo), is a long-distance migrant raptor that breeds across eastern European and central Asian grasslands. The eastern European populations migrate through a geographic bottleneck in Israel and overwinter in eastern and southern Africa. To investigate how the metabolic demand of long-distance migration may affect their health, we trapped Steppe Buzzards (n 1⁄4 28) at Eilat, Israel, during the spring migration of 2016 and 2017 and collected their parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). We compared their lice infestation levels to published data on nonmigratory or short-distance migratory Common Buzzards (B. b. buteo). These Common Buzzards were divided into two groups, free-living birds (n 1⁄4 59) and captive ones (n 1⁄4 104). All the Steppe Buzzards we examined harbored 1–4 species of lice. The Amblyceran lice that feed partially on living tissues and are thought to be relatively more virulent (Laemobothrion maximum and Colpocephalum nanum) were significantly more prevalent on Steppe Buzzards than on Common Buzzards (either free-living or in captivity). In contrast, the less-harmful Ischnoceran lice (Craspedorrhynchus platystomus and Degeeriella fulva) were either similarly or less prevalent on Steppe Buzzards than on the nonmigratory Common Buzzards, either free-living or in captivity. We hypothesize that this difference may mirror the metabolic demands of long-distance migration or, alternatively, our Eilat sample of Steppe Buzzards might have been biased in favor of the heavily infested individuals. In the Steppe Buzzard sample, we also detected a formerly unknown negative correlation between the abundance of Laemobothrion maximum and Colpocephalum nanum.
LAS INFESTACIONES DE PIOJOS DE BUTEO BUTEO VULPINUS VAR ́IAN DE LAS DE B. B. BUTEO
RESUMEN.—Buteo buteo vulpinus, una subespecie oriental de B. buteo, es una rapaz migratoria de larga distancia que cr ́ıa en los pastizales del este de Europa y el centro de Asia. Las poblaciones del este de Europa migran a trave ́s de un cuello de botella geogra ́fico en Israel y pasan el invierno en el este y sur de ́frica. Para investigar como la demanda metabo ́lica de un migrante de larga distancia puede afectar la salud de esta especie atrapamos individuos de B. b. vulpinus (n 1⁄4 28) en Eilat, Israel, durante la migracio ́ n de primavera de los an ̃os 2016 y 2017 y recolectamos sus piojos (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Comparamos los niveles de infestacio ́n con piojos con datos publicados de individuos no migratorios o migrantes de corta distanciadeB.b.buteo.Losindividuosdeestau ́ltimasubespeciefuerondivididosendosgrupos,aveslibres (n 1⁄4 59) y aves cautivas (n 1⁄4 104). Todos los individuos de B. b. vulpinus que examinamos albergaron entre 1 y 4 especies de piojos. Los piojos del suborden Amblycera Laemobothrion maximum y Colpocephalum nanum, que se alimentan parcialmente de tejidos vivos y que se cree que son relativamente ma ́s virulentos, fueron significativamente ma ́s prevalentes en B. b. vulpinus que en B. b. buteo libres o en cautivos. Por el contario, los piojos menos dan ̃inos del suborden Ischnocera Craspedorrhynchus platystomus y Degeeriella fulva fueron igual o menos prevalentes en B. b. vulpinus que en los individuos no migratorios de B. b. buteo libres o cautivos. Hipotetizamos que esta diferencia puede reflejar las demandas metabo ́licas de la migracio ́n de larga distancia o, alternativamente, nuestra muestra de Eilat de B. b. vulpinus podr ́ıa haber estado sesgada en favor de individuos fuertemente infestados. En la muestra de B. b. vulpinus tambie ́n detectamos una correlacio ́n negativa previamente desconocida entre la abundancia de Laemobothrion maximum y la de Colpocephalum nanum.
The co-extinction of parasitic taxa and their host species is considered a common phenomenon in the current global extinction crisis. However, information about the conservation status of parasitic taxa is scarce. We present a global list of co-extinct and critically co-endangered parasitic lice (Phthiraptera), based on published data on their host-specificity and their hosts’ conservation status according to the IUCN Red List. We list six co-extinct and 40 (possibly 41) critically co-endangered species. Additionally, we recognize 2–4 species that went extinct as a result of conservation efforts to save their hosts. Conservationists should consider preserving host-specific lice as part of their efforts to save species.
10aco-extinction10aConservation-induced extinction10acritically co-endangered10alice10aparasites1 aRózsa, Lajos1 aVas, Zoltán uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68821.pdf03344nas a2200241 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260001200215300001000227490000700237520261900244653000902863653001702872653001502889653000902904653001502913100001702928700002102945700002902966700002002995700001803015856006903033 2012 eng d00aNew species and host association records for the Hungarian avian louse fauna (Insecta: Phthiraptera)0 aNew species and host association records for the Hungarian avian c01/2012 a44-490 v203 aA recently published checklist of Hungarian louse fauna (Insecta: Phthiraptera) listed 279 species and subspecies which have been recorded in Hungary. According to that checklist several louse species
still await detection in Hungary, and many of the previously reported louse species have not been found on all expected host species yet. Our faunistical survey on avian lice started in 2005 at Ócsa Bird Ringing Station, resulting hundreds of ectoparasite samples collected from over 70 bird species. Additionally, our louse collection has grown by collecting samples in other research projects focusing on various bird species, and by sampling cadavers before taxidermy in the Bird Collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. As the results of a preliminary exploration of this collection, we list 20 louse species which are new to the Hungarian fauna, as well as the first Hungarian records of 17 host-parasite associations. We also found 3 louse-bird association records new for the World fauna.
Abstract (in Hungarian) Összefoglalás:
A tetvek rendjének (Insecta: Phthiraptera) hazai faunalistája 279 tetűfaj és alfaj előfordulásáról számol be. A faunalista szerint számos további tetűfaj fordul elő nagy valószínűséggel Magyarországon, és a már megtalált tetűfajok jelentős része sem került még elő valamennyi várható gazdafajáról. A madarakon élősködő tetvek faunisztikai kutatását 2005-ben az Ócsai Madárvártán kezdtük, ahol több mint 70 madárfaj ektoparazitáit mintavételeztük. A több száz, Ócsán gyűjtött minta mellett más madártani kutatások keretében is gyűjtöttünk külső élősködőket, illetve a Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum Madárgyűjteményében is vettünk mintákat a preparálásra előkészített madártetemekről. A gyűjtött minták előzetes feldolgozása során magyar faunára új 20 tetűfajt, és Magyarországon eddig nem jegyzett 17 gazda-parazita kapcsolatot dokumentáltunk. Eredményeink közt további 3, a nemzetközi irodalomból eddig ismeretlen gazda-parazita kapcsolatról is beszámolunk.
10abird10aectoparasite10afaunistics10alice10aparasitism1 aVas, Zoltán1 aPrivigyei, Csaba1 aProhászka, Viola, Judit1 aCsörgő, Tibor1 aRózsa, Lajos uhttp://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68778.pdf01585nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260000900197300001200206520101100218653002001229653002001249653000901269653001201278100002201290700001801312856007301330 2007 eng d00aDiving behavior reduces genera richness of lice (Insecta, Phthiraptera) of mammals0 aDiving behavior reduces genera richness of lice Insecta Phthirap c2007 a82 - 853 aLice of mammals spend the entire life cycle in the host hair, thus, the microclimate found near the mammal skin is likely to influence the structure of louse communities. Here we use a comparative approach to examine the effect of mammals’ diving behavior on the taxonomic richness of their lice. We compared the mean genera richness of lice, and – as potential confounding variables – the mean species richness of host, and the mean body mass of host between diving clades and their non-diving sister clades. Louse genera richness was significantly lower in clades of aquatic mammals than on their non-diving sister clades. Host species richness was not significantly different between these clades. Body mass was significantly higher in clades of aquatic mammals, however, the direction of this difference cannot explain the difference in parasite taxonomic richness. This study suggests that mammals’ diving behavior can effectively shape their ectoparasite communities.
10adiving behavior10agenera richness10alice10amammals1 aFelsó, Bernadett1 aRózsa, Lajos uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/47691.pdf03201nas a2200253 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260000900200300001400209490000700223520248400230653001502714653001602729653001202745653001102757653000902768653001002777653001502787653001702802653001602819100002102835700001802856856007302874 1998 eng d00aHost-mediated site-segregation of ectoparasites: an individual-based simulation study0 aHostmediated sitesegregation of ectoparasites an individualbased c1998 a491 - 4980 v843 aCoexisting ectoparasite species tend to evolve different site-specificities due to site-segregation. This may result either from a direct interaction between ectoparasite species such as competition for resources or from the selective pressure upon parasite populations exerted by host defence, i.e. a host-mediated interaction. Here we present an individual-based simulation model for the coevolution of one host and two parasite species to test this latter hypothesis. Parasite species are generalists at the start of the simulation process and develop site-specificities due to selective pressure exerted by the hosts. Hosts are selected to maximise the effectiveness of defence. We describe certain conditions that affect the emergence of site-segregation under the following assumptions: (1) parasite populations are not subject to resource limitations but are limited directly by host defence as ‘predation’; (2) hosts have two sites that need different defensive abilities to reduce their parasite burden; (3) parasites need to exhibit different evasive abilities to survive on different sites; (4) both the defensive abilities of the hosts and the evasive abilities of the parasites have a genetic background; (5) host grooming selects parasites for an increasing capability for evasion while parasites select hosts for an increasing efficiency of grooming, (6) parasite transmission is horizontal. Two trade-offs are incorporated into the model, a host trade-off between host defensive abilities on the two sites; and a parasite trade-off in parasite evasive abilities on the two sites. The following features of host-parasite coevolution are analyzed by simulation experiments: (a) persistence of coexistence of the two parasite species; (b) site-specialization of parasite species; (c) site-segregation of parasite species; (d) frequency distribution of parasites. We conclude that the optimization of host defence and parasite evasion strategies may select ectoparasites for site-segregation and this may stabilize the coexistence of parasite species. When both parasite species survived, complexity increased spontaneosly during the simulation runs: (i) frequency distribution of parasites changed from uniform to an aggregated one; (ii) generalist parasite species developed site-specificities and (iii) tended to segregate their specificities toward different sites. Thus a macroevolutionary trade-off emerged between the two parasite species.
10aarthropods10acommunities10aecology10aimpala10alice10amodel10aparasitism10aPhthiraptera10aspecificity1 aReiczigel, Jenő1 aRózsa, Lajos uhttp://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/40397.pdf01222nas a2200265 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260000900211300001400220490000700234520045800241653000900699653001700708653000900725653000900734653001700743653001600760653000900776653001400785653001700799100001800816700002200834700002100856856007900877 1996 eng d00aRelationship of host coloniality to the population ecology of avian lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera)0 aRelationship of host coloniality to the population ecology of av c1996 a242 - 2480 v653 a1. We test the hypothesis that avian social system (territorial versus colonial) has an impact on the ecological characteristics of avian lice. We compared the louse loads of two congeneric host species, the territorial hooded crow (Corvus corone cornix L.) and the colonial rook (C. frugilegus L.). Each species harboured the same 5 genera of lice; one species of louse was shared, while the other four species on each host were host-specific.
10abird10acospeciation10ahost10alice10aParasitology10apopulations10asize10aspecifity10atransmission1 aRózsa, Lajos1 aRékási, József1 aReiczigel, Jenő uhttps://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0120.pdf