02991nas a2200349 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260001600198300001200214490000700226520199200233653002302225653002102248653001002269653001502279653001402294100002002308700001702328700002402345700001902369700002002388700002802408700001502436700001402451700001602465700001602481700001702497700002402514700002202538700001702560856006402577 2022 eng d00aMedical and Veterinary Ectoparasites' Importance: An Insight on Alternative Control0 aMedical and Veterinary Ectoparasites Importance An Insight on Al cJan-30-2022 a667-6730 v163 a

Numerous ectoparasites of people and domestic cattle remain a chronic concern in the contemporary world, despite many attempts at eradication. For many years, pesticide medications such as organophosphates, organochlorides, and synthetic pyrethroids were efficient in controlling these parasites; however, widespread use of these treatments has resulted in resistance in many target species. Domestic animals play a vital role in food production, producing meat, milk, and money. The agricultural communities raze livestock’s as an insurance and investment in contradiction of risk. Animals with short generation intervals and high fertility offer economic, managerial, and biological benefits, since milk production can start five or six months after mating and the first corpse can be sold in less than a year. Livestocks are also a main source of manure, which helps to fertilize the soil, as well as skin, which is one of the most significant products that generates foreign cash for the country. However, the combined effects of sickness, inadequate food, and bad management limit animal output. Parasitic sickness is one of the most common disorders in domestic animals and human, and it has a significant economic impact. Ectoparasites of livestocks are extensively dispersed with varying degrees of incidence, and are crucial in causing considerable economic damage to the agricultural community, the tanning and leather sector even throughout the wolrd, necessitating efficient control methods. Scabies mites, head lice, and bed bugs are important medical ectoparasites that pose a considerable public health threat, hence effective management strategies are required. Alternative management approaches have been developed in a number of ways, but more study is needed before they can be utilized to effectively regulate the ectoparasitic illnesses in the forthcoming. Keywords: Human; Livestocks; Parasites; Biological control; Chemical control

10abiological control10aChemical control10ahuman10aLivestocks10aparasites1 aJamil, Muhammad1 aIdress, Atif1 aQadir, Ziyad, Abdul1 aImran, Fareeha1 aQasim, Muhammad1 aKhan, Muhammad, Shehzad1 aAziz, Huma1 aIqbal, Z.1 aQazi, Imran1 aSadia, Bibi1 aKhan, Imtiaz1 aShah, Said, Hussain1 aRasheed, Muhammad1 aAli, Mubarik uhttps://pjmhsonline.com/published-issues/2022/January/1-66702184nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260001200230300001400242490000700256520151900263653002201782100001501804700001701819700001401836700002001850700001501870700001501885856006601900 2007 eng d a0007-166800aDeterminants influencing prevalence of louse infestations on layers of District Faisalabad (Pakistan)0 aDeterminants influencing prevalence of louse infestations on lay c10-2008 a546 - 5500 v483 a

Abstract 1. This paper describes the influence of some epidemiological determinants on the prevalence of louse infestation on layers in Faisalabad (Pakistan).
2. Seventy layer farms were screened to determine the prevalence of louse infestation and its determinants including age of the bird, availability of space per bird and frequency of litter change.
Prevalence of Lipeurus caponis was highest (53.2%), followed by Menacanthus stramineus (22.16%), Goniodes dissimilis (12.37%) and Goniodes gallinae (12.37%).
3. Older birds (36 to 74 weeks of age) were found with a significantly higher prevalence of louse infestation than younger birds.
4. Month-wise prevalence of louse infestation was higher during the summer months (from April to August) and at older age.
5. Birds kept at floor area allowances ranging from 0!43 to 0!55m2 were highly infested with lice as compared to those provided with a space of 0!61m2 or higher per bird.
6. Litter change frequency after every 8 weeks resulted in a reduced chance of louse infestation as compared to less frequent litter changing practice.
7. It was concluded from the study that the louse infestation is a menace for the poultry production industry in Pakistan and age, space per bird and litter change frequency are the influencing
determinants.
8. Further research on the chemotherapeutic trials and resistance in poultry should be continued for an effective lice control program.

10aGoniodes gallinae1 aNadeem, M.1 aKhan, M., N.1 aIqbal, Z.1 aSajid, Muhammad1 aArshad, M.1 aYaseen, M. uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0007166070157308601500nas a2200181 4500008004100000245004000041210003900081520099500120653000901115653003401124653001201158100001701170700001501187700001401202700002001216700002201236856006001258 2003 eng d00aReview: Lice Infestation in Poultry0 aReview Lice Infestation in Poultry3 a

This paper reviews the studies on the prevalence, chemotherapeutic and biological control of lice. It was found that
Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Goniocotes gallinae, Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis, Lipeurus caponis and Cuclutogaster heterographus were the most commonly infestating lice of poultry. A variety of chemical are used for the control of lice infestation in poultry. These include Carbamates, Pyrethroids, Cypermethrin, Trichlorphon, Dichlorvos, DDT powder, Coumaphos, Lindane and BHC, Phenol, Cresols, Permethrin, Pestoban, Malathion, Pfispray, Carbaryl, Methyl bromfenvinphos and Herbal products. The most promising results however were reported with Pyrethroids i.e. Trichlophon and Pestoban. Biological control although not widely accepted for application, yet some bacterial and fungal species were found to be effective. Based on the review conclusion have been drawn for further research in to the lice infestation of poultry.

10alice10aLipeurus lawrensis tropicalis10apoultry1 aKhan, M., N.1 aNadeem, M.1 aIqbal, Z.1 aSajid, Muhammad1 aAbbas, Rao, Zahid uhttp://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/1782_..pdf03194nas a2200253 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146520236200215653001202577653001802589653001902607653001102626100001802637700002202655700001402677700002602691700003002717700002502747700003002772700002202802700002302824700002002847856007302867 2018 eng d00aAcaricidal and insecticidal effects of essential oils against ectoparasites of veterinary importance0 aAcaricidal and insecticidal effects of essential oils against ec3 a

Ectoparasitism in animals has become an issue of great concern that needs to be resolved to prevent huge economic losses occurring to livestock industry all over the world. Synthetic adrugs have been playing a major role in controlling ectoparasites, but their frequent and irrational use has resulted in drug resistance to routinely used chemicals and their residual effects on food and environment. Therefore, this approach of using chemical acaricides and insecticides is losing its popularity and effectiveness in controlling ectoparasites. So, the development of alternative approaches in ectoparasite management is currently required. Among alternative protocols, plants and their essential oils have played remarkable role in controlling different ectoparasites (ticks, flies, mites, lice) of veterinary importance. Essential oils have been proved to be cheaper, more effective and safer therapeautic agents against different ectoparasites of livestock importance.

Resumen: En los animales el ectoparasitismo se ha convertido en un tema de gran preocupación que debe resolverse para evitar que se produzcan grandes pérdidas económicas para la industria ganadera en todo el mundo. Los aditivos sintéticos han desempeñado un papel importante en el control de los ectoparásitos, pero su uso frecuente e irracional ha dado como resultado la resistencia a los fármacos utilizados habitualmente y efectos residuales sobre los alimentos y el medio ambiente. Por lo tanto, el enfoque basado en el uso de acaricidas e insecticidas químicos está perdiendo popularidad y efectividad en el control de los ectoparásitos. Por lo tanto, actualmente se requiere el desarrollo de enfoques alternativos en el manejo de ectoparásitos. Entre los protocolos alternativos, las plantas y sus aceites esenciales han jugado un papel notable en el control de diferentes ectoparásitos (garrapatas, moscas, ácaros, piojos) de importancia veterinaria. Se ha demostrado que los aceites esenciales son agentes terapéuticos más baratos, más efectivos y más seguros contra diferentes ectoparásitos de importancia ganadera.
Palabras clave: Plantas; Aceites Esenciales; Ectoparásitos; Animales

10aanimals10aectoparasites10aEssential oils10aplants1 aAbbas, Asghar1 aAbbas, Rao, Zahid1 aIqbal, Z.1 aKhan, Muhammad, Kasib1 aSaleemi, Muhammad, Kashif1 aRaza, Muhammad, Asif1 aMahmood, Muhammad, Shahid1 aKhan, Junaid, Ali1 aSindhu, Zia_ud_Din1 aMasood, Sabiqaa uhttp://www.revistas.usach.cl/ojs/index.php/blacpma/article/view/351202108nas a2200217 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117260000900186490000700195520149100202653001201693653001701705653001501722653001301737100002001750700001701770700001401787700002001801700001501821856005401836 2006 eng d00aBovine pediculosis: prevalence and chemotherapeutic control in Pakistan0 aBovine pediculosis prevalence and chemotherapeutic control in Pa c20060 v183 a

Six hundred cattle and buffaloes each were randomly selected from population in and around district Faisalabad and examined under field conditions for the prevalence of lice infestation. Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinus tuberculatus, Linognathus vituli were reported in this area. Prevalence of lice was higher (24%; 144/600) on cattle than buffaloes (18%; 113/600).The prevalence was higher in adult age and lowest in older age in both the species. Closed houses were having highest infestation followed by cement type and open type houses. Month wise prevalence was found highest in months of March - April and lowest in August - September. For chemotherapeutic trial, thirty cattle and buffaloes each were randomly divided into three major groups (A thru C) each of which was further divided into two sub groups for cattle and buffaloes, respectively. The major group A was treated with ivermectin (Ivomec, MSD, Netherlands; S/C 200µg/kg b.wt.) and group B was treated with topical application of cypermethrin (Ecoflece, Bimeda, Ireland; 1mL/200mL water). The animals of group C1 were given a sham treatment of propylene glycol (S/C 8-10 mL/large animal) whereas the topical application of normal saline was done on the animals of group C2. Number of lice per animal before and after treatment was counted to determine the efficacy of drugs. It was observed that maximum control (100%) was achieved on day 28 post-treatment with the ivermectin-treated buffaloes.

10aBovines10acypermethrin10aIvermectin10aPakistan1 aHussain, M., A.1 aKhan, M., N.1 aIqbal, Z.1 aSajid, Muhammad1 aArshad, M. uhttps://lrrd.cipav.org.co/lrrd18/10/huss18145.htm