TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of body condition score and colour morph of rock pigeons (Columba livia) on chewing louse infestations in Manitoba JF - Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba Y1 - 2022 A1 - Mireille Krul A1 - Madeleine Dupuis A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Kateryn Rochon ED - Kelsey L. Jones ED - Jason Gibbs SP - 25 AB -

Taxonomy and infestation parameters of chewing lice have been well documented in Manitoba. The objectives of this research were to determine if there were relationships between body condition score or colour morph of rock pigeons (Columba livia) and the prevalence or mean intensity of their chewing louse infestations. xxxxxx

VL - 78 SN - 0315-2 UR - https://entsocmb.ca/pdf/Proceedings/ESMproceedings_V78.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) infesting Canada geese and mallards (Aves: Anatidae), in Manitoba, Canada JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2022 DO - 10.4039/tce.2022.27 A1 - Grossi, Alexandra A. A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 11 pp AB -

Canada geese, Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae), and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus (Anseriformes: Anatidae), are infested by several species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae). We examined the spatial distribution of lice upon these hosts. Hosts were dissected into five body regions: head and neck, wings, back, underside, and tail. Canada geese (n = 20) were infested with six species of lice. Anaticola anseris (Linnaeus) (n = 423) and Anatoecus spp. (n = 510) were restricted to the wings and head, respectively, whereas Ornithobius goniopleurus Denny (n = 1919) and Ciconiphilus pectiniventris (Harrison) (n = 757) were spread over multiple body regions. Trinoton anserinum (Fabricius) (n = 2) was present in insufficient numbers to reach conclusions about its distribution. Mallards (n = 8) were infested with four species of lice. Anaticola crassicornis (Scopoli) (n = 121) and Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli) (n = 244) were restricted to the wings and head, respectively. Holomenopon maxbeieri Eichler (n = 52) infested multiple body regions, and Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus) (n = 27) were found mainly on the wings. Chewing lice infesting mallards and Canada geese partition their hosts in accordance with their own morphological and ecological requirements.

VL - 154 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/spatial-distribution-of-chewing-lice-phthiraptera-menoponidae-philopteridae-infesting-canada-geese-and-mallards-aves-anatidae-in-manitoba-canada/C80350D8EC921F6918233E3534940D6E IS - 1: e40 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Lice (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae), fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, Ceratophyllidae) and ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) infesting American badger, Taxidea taxus (Mammalia: Mustelidae), in Manitoba, Canada T2 - Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba Y1 - 2020 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 27 EP - 36 KW - Neotrichodectes interruptofasciatus AB -

One juvenile and nine adult American badgers, Taxidea taxus (Schreber), from Manitoba were examined for ectoparasites by whole body washing or visual inspection. Five of seven adults washed from the Shoal Lake area were infested with one species of chewing louse,
Neotrichodectes interruptofasciatus (Kellogg and Ferris) (mean intensity – 539); females were significantly more abundant than males. The ratio of nymphs to females was 2.5. The washed juvenile badger was infested with 6384 specimens of N. interruptofasciatus, but males (n=286) and females (n=287) were almost equal in number, and the ratio of nymphs to females was 20.3. Adult badgers were infested with five species of fleas: Pulex irritans Linnaeus, Oropsylla rupestris (Jordan), O. bruneri (Baker), O. tuberculata (Baker), and O. arctomys (Baker). All seven adult badgers from the Shoal Lake area were infested with adult American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say). Mean intensity was 63.4, with a total of 258 males and 186 females.

Front cover of the proceedings with the Female chewing louse (Neotrichodectes interruptofasciatus) from an American badger [Photo
credit: Terry Galloway & Jillian Detwiler] is also attached. See file 95534 front_cover.pdf

JF - Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba PB - Entomological Society of Manitoba CY - Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada VL - 76 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infestation parameters for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) parasitising true thrushes (Aves: Passeriformes: Turdidae) in Manitoba, Canada JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2021 DO - 10.4039/tce.2021.29 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Lamb, Robert J. A1 - Zoe D.L. Rempel SP - 538–555 KW - Catharus fuscescens KW - Sialia currucoides AB -

Seven species of Turdidae (Aves: Passeriformes) in Manitoba, Canada were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera) in 1993–2019: Turdus migratorius (N = 570), Catharus ustulatus (N = 135), Catharus guttatus (N = 49), Catharus minimus (N = 12), Catharus fuscescens (N = 1), Sialia sialis (N = 4), and Sialia currucoides (N = 3). Five species of lice on T. migratorius had a prevalence of 24.0% and a mean intensity of 16.7. Overall prevalence for lice on C. ustulatus, C. guttatus, and C. minimus was 25.0%–59.2%; mean intensity was 7.0–23.3. On S. sialis, the prevalence was 50.0%; mean intensity was 10.0. No lice infested C. fuscescens or S. currucoides. Infestation parameters for each louse–host combination are provided. Louse infestations were highly aggregated. Female lice were more prevalent than males, especially for Ricinus elongatus (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Ricinidae) infesting T. migratorius (eight males; 81 females), or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. Infestation parameters were higher for adult T. migratorius than for juveniles or feathered chicks but not significantly so. Mean intensity was greater in spring than in fall. Louse abundance was lower than on hosts of similar size in Manitoba and lower than on thrushes in other studies.

VL - 153 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/infestation-parameters-for-chewing-lice-phthiraptera-amblycera-ischnocera-parasitising-true-thrushes-aves-passeriformes-turdidae-in-manitoba-canada/F031FDCFAD6EA02C91D77B0AD31D2BFA IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcedoffula alcyonae Carriker (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) infesting belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Aves: Coraciiformes, Alcedinidae), in Manitoba, Canada JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2021 DO - 10.4039/tce.2020.77 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 279 EP - 284 KW - Megaceryle alcyon AB -

Forty-one belted kingfishers, Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Aves: Coraciiformes: Alcedinidae), from Manitoba, Canada were examined for ectoparasites in 1995–2020. One species of chewing louse, Alcedoffula alcyonae Carriker (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae), infested 48.8% of hosts. The mean intensity of infestation was 17.1, and mean abundance was 8.5 lice per bird. Distribution of infestation was highly aggregated. Although female lice outnumbered males, the sex ratio was not significantly different from 1.0. The ratio of nymphs to females was 2.6. An unidentified species of feather mite of the genus Proterothrix Gaud (Acari: Astigmatina: Proctophyllodidae) infested three of 35 hosts (8.6%). No mites were found in the quills of primary feathers from 19 birds, and no nasal mites were collected from 32.

VL - 153 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000772/type/journal_article IS - 3 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Menopon picicola: a new junior synonym of Menacanthus pici (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) JF - Zootaxa Y1 - 2021 DO - 10.11646/zootaxa.4915.1.11 A1 - Ricardo L. Palma A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 148 EP - 150 KW - Menopon picicola AB -

Packard (1873) described Menopon picicola as a new species, based on ten lice taken from two species of woodpeckers of the genus Picoides—P. arcticus (Swainson, 1832) and P. dorsalis Baird, 1858—collected in Wyoming, U.S.A. in August 1872. Considering that (1) Packard (1873) neither designated a holotype nor a single type host, (2) his type material is most likely lost, and (3) no additional lice from either of those two species of Picoides have been reported in the literature, the taxonomic status of Menopon picicola has not been confirmed.

VL - 4915 UR - https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4915.1.11 IS - 1 JO - Zootaxa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population Dynamics of Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera) Infesting Birds (Aves) JF - Annual Review of Entomology Y1 - 2021 DO - 10.1146/annurev-ento-041420-075608 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Lamb, Robert J. SP - 209 EP - 224 KW - abundance KW - ectoparasites KW - intensity KW - Prevalence KW - seasonality KW - stability AB -

In the past 25 years, studies on interactions between chewing lice and their bird hosts have increased notably. This body of work reveals that sampling of live avian hosts, collection of the lice, and the aggregated distributions of louse infestations pose challenges for assessing louse populations. The number of lice on a bird varies among host taxa, often with host size and social system. Host preening behavior limits louse abundance, depending on bill shape. The small communities of lice (typically one–four species) that live on individual birds show species-specific patterns of abundance, with consistently common and rare species, and lower year-to-year population variability than other groups of insects. Most species of lice appear to breed continuously on their hosts, with seasonal patterns of abundance sometimes related to host reproduction and molting. Competition may have led to spatial partitioning of the host by louse species, but seldom contributes to current patterns of abundance.

Full article can be obtained from publisher webpage http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/C3E9XIVSXYZQ5CACDEHW/full/10.1146/annurev-ento-041420-075608

 

VL - 66 UR - http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/C3E9XIVSXYZQ5CACDEHW/full/10.1146/annurev-ento-041420-075608 IS - 1 JO - Annu. Rev. Entomol. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)—CORRIGENDUM JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2020 DO - 10.4039/tce.2020.66 A1 - Kamila M. D. Kuabara A1 - Michel Paiva Valim A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 830 EP - 831 AB -

This is the correction for publication: Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)

Original publication see, http://phthiraptera.info/node/95135

VL - 152 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000668/type/journal_article IS - 6 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae) JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2020 DO - 10.4039/tce.2020.54 A1 - Kamila M. D. Kuabara A1 - Michel Paiva Valim A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 723 EP - 733 AB -

The nymphs I, II, III, and adult male and adult female stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae), a monoxenous species of chewing louse infesting common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), in North America, are described. Line drawings of whole nymphs and adults are presented, as are details of anterior dorsal head plates, metasternal plates, female subvulvar plates, and male genitalia. Ontogenetic characters exhibited during the postembryonic development of this species of chewing louse are described and discussed in relation to previous information in the literature.

Please note a correction has been issue for this article. See http://phthiraptera.info/node/95213

 

VL - 152 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X20000541/type/journal_article IS - 6 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extensive host-switching of avian feather lice following the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event JF - Communications Biology Y1 - 2019 DO - 10.1038/s42003-019-0689-7 A1 - Robert S. de_Moya A1 - Julie M. Allen A1 - Andrew D. Sweet A1 - Kimberly K. O. Walden A1 - Ricardo L. Palma A1 - Vincent Stuart Smith A1 - Stephen L. Cameron A1 - Michel Paiva Valim A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Jason D. Weckstein A1 - Kevin P. Johnson SP - 6 pp KW - Feather lice KW - Galloanserae KW - Neoaves KW - Palaeognathae AB -

Nearly all lineages of birds host parasitic feather lice. Based on recent phylogenomic studies, the three major lineages of modern birds diverged from each other before the Cretaceous- Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event. In contrast, studies of the phylogeny of feather lice on birds, indicate that these parasites diversified largely after this event. However, these studies were unable to reconstruct the ancestral avian host lineage for feather lice. Here we use genome sequences of a broad diversity of lice to reconstruct a phylogeny based on 1,075 genes. By comparing this louse evolutionary tree to the avian host tree, we show that feather lice began diversifying on the common ancestor of waterfowl and landfowl, then radiated onto other avian lineages by extensive host-switching. Dating analyses and cophylogenetic comparisons revealed that two of three lineages of birds that diverged before the K-Pg boundary acquired their feather lice after this event via host-switching.

Data availability

Data generated during this study are available through the Illinois Databank (https://doi.org/10.13012/B2IDB-0440388_V1)39. Raw read sequences are available in the NCBI SRA database (Supplementary Table 3).

VL - 2 UR - http://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-019-0689-7 IS - 445 JO - Commun Biol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infestation parameters of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on bald eagles, Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae), in Manitoba, Canada JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2020 DO - 10.4039/tce.2019.67 A1 - Christie D. Lavallée A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Kateryn Rochon SP - 1 EP - 9 AB -

Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus); Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) from 92 locations in Manitoba were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from 1992 to 2017. Bald eagles were salvaged from rehabilitation hospitals and were examined using two methods, dry-ruffling (n = 107) and washing (n = 40). We collected 39 066 bald eagle lice of four genera and six species: Colpocephalum flavescens (De Haan), C. napiforme (Rudow), C. turbinatum (Denny) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (total for all Colpocephalum species = 18 082), Craspedorrhynchus halieti (Osborn) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 49), Degeeriella discocephalus (Burmeister) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) (n = 20 912), and Kurodaia fulvofasciata (Piaget) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (n = 23). Quantitative data were collected on all genera with the comparison of washed to dry-ruffled. Colpocephalum flavescens and D. discocephalus dominated the louse populations, with similar prevalence and mean intensity. Both genera had sex ratios near 1.0, and similar nymph-to-female ratios near 3:1. The dry-ruffling method was relatively inefficient, collecting 11% as many lice as the washing method. Total prevalence for dry-ruffled birds was 63%; total mean intensity was 103.5, but for washed birds, the prevalence was 93% with a mean intensity of 861.1. No Laemobothrion vulturis (Fabricius) (Phthiraptera: Laemobothriidae) were found.

UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000671/type/journal_article JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of chewing louse (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) populations infesting great horned owls (Aves: Strigidae) JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2020 DO - 10.4039/tce.2019.69 A1 - Lamb, Robert J. A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 1 EP - 10 AB -

The annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded on great horned owls (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin), Aves: Strigidae) from 1994 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada. Kurodaia magna Emerson (Amblycera: Menoponidae) had a mean annual abundance about half that for Strigiphilus oculatus (Rudow) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Mean intensity, rather than prevalence, explained the variation in annual abundance. Temporal variation (measured as population variability) in abundance and mean intensity were high and similar (0.62–0.67), but lower for nymph to female ratio (0.36–0.38). Temporal variation of prevalence and sex ratio were higher for K. magna (0.34–0.35) than for S. oculatus (0.21–0.22), and typical for other louse species. The high temporal variability for abundance and mean intensity suggest lower year-to-year stability than exhibited by other chewing lice, but over 80% of this variability was due to sampling error resulting from small sample sizes in some years and extreme intensities in the aggregated distributions of intensity. The remaining variation, < 20%, revealed no significant differences in annual abundance or mean intensity among years, and therefore stable populations over 22 years. Populations of 12 species of chewing lice show lower temporal variability and therefore greater stability than three other insect taxa.

UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000695/type/journal_article JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Host body size and the abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting eight owl species (Aves: Strigiformes) in Manitoba, Canada JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2019 DO - 10.4039/tce.2019.43 A1 - Lamb, Robert J. A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 621 EP - 628 AB -

Specimens (n = 508) of eight species of owl (Aves: Strigiformes) collected from 1994 to 2017 in Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera). The relationship between host body mass and infestation by 12 species of lice was examined. Host body mass explained 52% (P = 0.03) of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts, due primarily to a high abundance of lice on the heaviest owl species. The relationship was due to the mean intensity of lice, and neither species richness nor the prevalence of lice was related to host body mass. For individual louse species, the relationship was due primarily to Kurodaia acadicae Price and Beer, Kurodaia magna Emerson, and an undetermined species of Kurodaia Uchida (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) (R2 = 0.997), but not the nine Strigiphilus Mjöberg (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) species (R2 = 0.27). Louse intensity did not increase with body size for individual birds of any of the owl species. Mean intensity is expected to increase in proportion with the size, specifically the surface area, of the host. Why that relationship holds only for one louse genus, and not for the most abundant genus of lice on owls, and weakly compared with other families of birds, has yet to be determined.

 

VL - 151 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000439/type/journal_article IS - 5 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infestation parameters for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting owls (Aves: Strigidae, Tytonidae) in Manitoba, Canada JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2019 DO - 10.4039/tce.2019.42 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Lamb, Robert J. SP - 608 EP - 620 KW - Bubo scandiacus AB -

Eleven of the 12 species of owls (Aves: Strigidae, Tytonidae) known to occur in Manitoba, Canada, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from 1976 to 2015: barn owl (Tyto alba (Scopoli); Aves: Tytonidae) (n = 2), snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 77), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus (Gmelin); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 262), great grey owl (Strix nebulosa Förster; Aves: Strigidae) (n = 142), barred owl (Strix varia Barton; Aves: Strigidae) (n = 10), northern hawk owl (Surnia ulula (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 18), short-eared owl (Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 74), long-eared owl (Asio otus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 67), eastern screech owl (Megascops aslo (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 59), boreal owl (Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 47), and northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus (Gmelin); Aves: Strigidae) (n = 44), a total of 802 owls. No lice were found infesting barn owl (Tyto alba (Scopoli); Aves: Tytonidae) or eastern screech owl (Megascops asio (Linnaeus); Aves: Strigidae). We collected a total of 113 810 lice of 12 species: Kurodaia Uchida (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) – three species; and Strigiphilus Mjöberg (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) – nine species. Overall prevalence of infestation ranged from 10.0% to 88.9%. Mean intensity for total lice ranged from 22.4 to 506.5. Infestation parameters for each louse–host combination are provided; prevalence and mean intensity were not related for louse–host species combinations. Distribution of louse infestations was highly aggregated. In all louse–host combinations but one, either females were more prevalent than males or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. Male Strigiphilus ceblebrachys Denny significantly outnumbered females in snowy owls. There was a tendency for louse species to co-occur on the same host specimen. Where sample sizes for owls were large enough, no seasonal patterns in abundance of lice were detected.

VL - 151 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X19000427/type/journal_article IS - 5 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Biodiversity of Ectoparasites: Lice (Phthiraptera) and Fleas (Siphonaptera) T2 - Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society, II Y1 - 2018 DO - 10.1002/9781118945582.ch17 A1 - Terry D. Galloway ED - Foottit,R. ED - Adler,P. H. SP - 457 EP - 482 AB -

This chapter addresses the two insect orders in which all known species are ectoparasites. The sucking and chewing lice (Phthiraptera) are hemimetabolous insects that spend their entire lives on the bodies of their hosts. Fleas (Siphonaptera), on the other hand, are holometabolous. The diversity of these ectoparasites is limited by the diversity of the birds and mammals available as hosts. Determining the community diversity of lice and fleas is essential to understanding ecological structure and interactions, yet offers a number of challenges to the ectoparasitologist. The chapter explores medical and veterinary importance of lice and fleas. They are more likely to be considered detrimental parasites, perhaps even a threat to conservation efforts by their very presence or by the disease agents they transmit. Perez‐Osorio emphasized the importance of a more objective approach to conservation strategies by abandoning overemphasis on charismatic fauna and setting priorities in ecological management of wider biodiversity issues.

JF - Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society, II PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd CY - Chichester, UK SN - 9781118945575 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326048699_Biodiversity_of_Ectoparasites_Lice_Phthiraptera_and_Fleas_Siphonaptera_Science_and_Society ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phthiraptera of Canada JF - ZooKeys Y1 - 2019 DO - 10.3897/zookeys.819.26160 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 301 EP - 310 KW - biodiversity assessment KW - Biota of Canada KW - lice AB -

There are approximately 463 species of parasitic lice recorded in Canada, in three suborders: Amblycera, six families; Ischnocera, two families; Anoplura, eight families. At least an additional 361 species may eventually be recorded based on presence of suitable hosts and proximity to known distributions. Approximately 41 species are introduced non-native species. Only about 54% of the expected chewing louse fauna has been recorded, and considerable collecting effort is needed, especially for lice infesting passerine birds, shorebirds, and seabirds. The sucking louse fauna is well known, with approximately 88% of the expected fauna recorded. Investigations into ecology of lice and the nature of relationships with their hosts are badly needed. Barcode Index Numbers are available for only 13 species of parasitic lice in Canada.

VL - 819 UR - https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/26160 JO - ZK ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Book Review: Palma, R.L. 2017. Phthiraptera (Insecta). A catalogue of parasitic lice from New Zealand. Lincoln, New Zealand, Landcare Research. Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa. Number 76 JF - The Weta Y1 - 2018 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 68 EP - 70 AB -

Abstract

The day Ricardo Palma began working together with Prof. Robert (Bob) Pilgrim in 1974 was an auspicious one for the taxonomy of lice of New Zealand. Ricardo accepted the position of curator at Te Papa Tongarewa two years later and, at about the time Bob retired in 1983, they divided their attentions, with Bob assuming primary responsibility for fleas and Ricardo taking on lice. They continued to collaborate on several taxonomic revisions  and published a list of the lice infesting birds in New Zealand, but it was clear from this latter work that in the land of birds, there was a great deal still to do. The present catalogue, which includes 424 species and subspecies of lice in 101 genera, is the culmination of over 40 years of intensive study of this important group of ectoparasites.

VL - 52 UR - http://publications.ento.org.nz/index.php/weta/article/view/180 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance and stability of populations of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting two species of woodpeckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2018 DO - 10.4039/tce.2017.62 A1 - Lamb, Robert J. A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 180 EP - 189 AB -

The annual abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) was recorded from 1996 to 2015 in Manitoba, Canada, on two species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae). Yellow-bellied sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus)) were infested with Menacanthus pici (Denny) (Amblycera: Menoponidae) and Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae); northern flickers (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus)) were also infested with M. pici, as well as two other Ischnocera, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) and Picicola porisma Dalgleish. The mean annual abundance varied from nine to 51 lice per bird for the four species, with prevalence, mean intensity, sex ratio, and nymphs per female also varying among louse species. Menacanthus pici populations on both hosts were unstable: abundance rose over two decades because of increasing prevalence, whereas the abundance of the other three louse species fluctuated around a mean. Population variability was similar for the lice on both hosts, with the metric, PV, ranging from 0.41 to 0.51 on a 0–1 scale, once the effect of the trend in abundance for M. pici had been removed. Although the population dynamics for species of lice on these two woodpeckers were distinct, inter-specific differences in population stability were less pronounced than observed in the few other species of bird lice studied in this way.

VL - 150 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000621/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X17000621 IS - 02 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Myialges trinotoni (Acariformes: Epidermoptidae), a hyperparasitic mite infesting Trinoton querquedulae (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) on waterfowl JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2017 DO - 10.4039/tce.2017.16 A1 - Wayne Knee A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 434 EP - 443 AB -

Mites of the family Epidermoptidae (Acariformes) are permanent parasites dwelling on or in the skin of birds. Myialges Trouessart species are epidermoptids that have a hyperparasitic relationship with chewing lice (Phthiraptera) or louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). During 1993–2016 in Manitoba, Canada, 668 ducks (20 species), geese (five species), and swans (two species) were examined for lice. A total of 157 males, 191 females, and 539 nymphs of the menoponid louse Trinoton querquedulae (Linnaeus) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) were collected, of which 25 adult lice from three hosts (Mergus merganser Linnaeus, Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus), Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus; Aves: Anatidae) were infested with 38 female Myialges trinotoni (Cooreman). Overall prevalence and intensity of M. trinotoni was low, and mites showed no statistically significant preference between male and female lice. Myialges trinotoni is recorded from Canada (Manitoba) and United States of America (Alaska) for the first time, and two novel avian host species records (Lophodytes cucullatus and Anas platyrhynchos) are reported. The male of M. trinotoni (loose in bird washing) is illustrated and described. The barcode region of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was amplified from M. trinoton and compared with that of Myialges caulotoon Speiser, the only congeneric species for which COI is available, and interspecific divergence was high (25%).

VL - 149 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000165/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X17000165 IS - 04 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) increases with the body size of their host woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2017 DO - 10.4039/tce.2017.18 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Lamb, Robert J. SP - 473 EP - 481 KW - Chewing lice KW - Manitoba KW - sapsuckers KW - woodpeckers AB -

Specimens of five species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) from Manitoba, Canada, were weighed and examined for chewing lice, 1998–2015: downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n=49), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n=23), pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n = 10), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n = 170), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n = 239). The relationship between body mass of each host species and infestation by seven species of lice was analysed: Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all host species, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from Picoides Lacépède species, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from the other four hosts, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flicker, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from Picoides species, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Mean abundance of lice increased with the mean mass of their host. Neither the species richness of lice nor the prevalence of lice were related to host body mass. Host body mass explained 98% of the variation in mean intensity of louse infestation among hosts. The positive association of mean intensity and body size was also detected for three genera of lice. Louse intensity also increased with body size for individual birds, more so for some species of lice and hosts than others. Body size matters, but the adaptations that allow higher mean intensity on larger host species remain to be determined.

VL - 149 UR - https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0008347X17000189/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0008347X17000189 IS - 04 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - CONF T1 - Lousy old coots: chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting American coot, Fulica americana (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in Manitoba T2 - Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba Y1 - 2016 A1 - Terry D. Galloway AB -

Forty-five American coots, Fulica americana Gmelin, were examined for chewing lice during 1995 – 2016. Five species of lice were collected: Pseudomenopon pilosum (Scopoli), Laemobothrion atrum (Nitzsch) (Amblycera: Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae, respectively), Fulicoffula longipila (Kellogg), Incidifrons transpositus (Kellogg) and Rallicola advenus (Kellogg) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Prevalence of infestation (95% confidence interval, Sterne’s exact method) by at least one species of louse was 97.8% (88.17–99.88), while infestation by individual species, from greatest to least prevalence, was R. advenus (97.8%, 88.17–99.88), P. pilosum (93.3%, 81.46–98.15), F. longipila (84.4%, 71.26–92.54), I. transpositus (73.3%, 58.90–84.79) and L. atrum (17.8%, 8.33–32.04). Overall mean intensity (95% bootstrap confidence limits, 200 replicates) of infestation by chewing lice was 604.7 (484.30–770.59), while mean infestation for each species of louse, greatest to least, was P. pilosum (281.7, 206.88–407.17), R. advenus (275.7, 220.91–342.43), F. longipila (39.6, 30.89–49.71), I. transpositus (33.0, 23.21–59.58) and L. atrum (5.9, 0.38–14.13). A total of 26,605 lice were collected during this study. Generally speaking, female lice most often outnumber males, and this was the case for I. transpositus (χ2=6.1, p≤0.01) and L. atrum (χ2=5.8, p≤0.02). There were no significant differences in sex ratio for F. longipila (χ2=1.1, p≤0.30) and R. advenus (χ2=0.8, p≤0.39). Male P. pilosum significantly outnumbered females (χ2=98.0, p≤0.0001). Ratios of nymphs to females for each species, from highest to lowest: I. transpositus (5.1), P. pilosum (4.8), R. advenus (3.4), F. longipila (3.2) and L. atrum (1.6).

JF - Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2016 DO - 10.4039/tce.2015.89 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Lamb, Robert J. SP - 520 EP - 531 AB -

Five species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera): downy woodpecker (DOWO) (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n = 56), hairy woodpecker (HAWO) (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n = 32), pileated woodpecker (PIWO) (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n = 12), northern flicker (NOFL) (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n = 223), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (YBSA) (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n = 192). Seven species of lice were collected (total number = 40 613): Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all species of woodpeckers, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from both species of Picoides Lacépède, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from all species of woodpeckers examined except northern flickers, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flickers, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from both species of Picoides, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Prevalence for total louse infestation ranged from 32.3% to 85.7% (NOFL > YBSA > PIWO > DOWO > HAWO). Mean intensity for total lice ranged from 29.2 to 232.4 (PIWO>NOFL>HAWO>YBSA>DOWO). Infestation parameters for each louse/host combination are provided. Distribution of louse infestations was highly aggregated. In all louse/host combinations, either females were more prevalent than males or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. There was a tendency for louse species to co-occur on the same host specimen.

VL - 148 UR - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X15000899 IS - 05 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal population dynamics of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting three species of woodpeckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2016 DO - 10.4039/tce.2016.27 A1 - Lamb, Robert J. A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 683 EP - 692 AB -

Three species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada, were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera): the resident downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n = 55), and two migrants, yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n = 316) and northern flicker (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n = 225). Six species were collected: Menacanthus pici (Denny) (Amblycera: Menoponidae) from all hosts, and five species of Ischnocera (Philopteridae): Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from downy woodpeckers and sapsuckers, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) and Brueelia straminea (Denny) from downy woodpeckers, and Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) and Picicola porisma Dalgleish from flickers. Adults and nymphs were present on downy woodpeckers all year, and on migrant sapsuckers and flickers from when they arrived until they left, suggesting lice reproduce continuously on their hosts. Prevalence and mean intensities of louse infestations generally decreased from their respective springtime levels to their lowest values during or at the end of the breeding season of their hosts, and then increased in various degrees during the fall. No seasonal pattern in louse sex ratios was observed except on northern flickers, where male to female ratios for two of three species were lowest during the breeding season. Resident and migrant hosts had similar seasonal patterns of infestation by lice.

VL - 148 UR - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X16000274 IS - 06 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Chewing lice on Manitoba's birds Y1 - 1995 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 3 EP - 6 JF - The Wing Beat ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Ectoparasites on Manitoba birds and mammals Y1 - 2001 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 1 EP - 5 JF - The Wing Beat ER - TY - MGZN T1 - It’s a wonderful lice Y1 - 2011 A1 - Terry D. Galloway JF - Prairie Trails, Newsletter of the Prairie Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre ER - TY - MGZN T1 - The most amazing louse in the world Y1 - 2013 A1 - Terry D. Galloway JF - The Wing Beat ER - TY - MGZN T1 - Mystery-louse infests ruby-throated hummingbirds in Manitoba Y1 - 2015 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 9 EP - 10 JF - Prairie Trails, Newsletter of the Prairie Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre UR - http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/94239.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal changes in the infestation parameters of the sucking louse, Linognathoides laeviusculus (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae), infesting Richardson’s ground squirrel (Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Manitoba, Canada JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2016 DO - 10.4039/tce.2015.49 A1 - Yunik, Matthew E.M. A1 - Waterman, Jane M. A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 143 EP - 150 AB -

Linognathoides laeviusculus (Grube) (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae) is a louse found on holarctic ground squirrels but little is known about how the life history, physiology, and hibernation of the host influence its population dynamics. Two hundred and fourteen Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii (Sabine); Rodentia: Sciuridae) were trapped over the summer of 2010, and the age, sex, and mass of all euthanised squirrels were recorded. Squirrels were hand-washed to remove lice, which were then identified to species, stage of development, and sex. Linognathoides laeviusculus was the only louse collected. In total, 5057 lice were collected with 63.6% of the squirrels infested at a mean intensity of 37.2 (90% confidence interval = 29.98–48.66). Two peaks in prevalence of L. laeviusculus infestations occurred (April and mid-June), and one peak in intensity (June). Juvenile squirrels had higher prevalence and mean intensity when compared to adults. Adult male squirrels had higher mean intensity compared to adult females. Adult lice comprised most of the population infesting emerging adult squirrels in the spring but nymphs predominated for most of the active season of the host. Infestations were highly aggregated with k = 0.203 and index of discrepancy D = 0.813. The seasonal dynamics of L. laeviusculus appear to be strongly correlated with the annual cycle of the squirrel host.

VL - 148 UR - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X15000498 IS - 02 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal population dynamics of four species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2015 DO - 10.4039/tce.2014.84 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Lamb, Robert J. SP - 712 EP - 722 AB -

Seasonal dynamics of louse (Phthiraptera) populations on feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) were investigated from 2003 to 2012 in southern Manitoba, Canada. Pigeons were infested with: Philopteridae – Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus), and Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro; Menoponidae – Hohorstiella lata (Piaget). We consider the hypothesis that four species living on the same host show similar seasonal dynamics, coordinated by the life history of the host. Adults of both sexes and nymphs of all four species were present on pigeons throughout the year, consistent with continuous feeding and reproduction. Campanulotes compar and C. columbae populations were low in spring and peaked in September, with C. columbae showing greater seasonal changes for all population parameters. Coloceras tovornikae showed two annual peaks in abundance in spring and late summer, and H. lata was most abundant in the cold months of the year. Over 10 years, the four species showed distinct seasonal dynamics, although they live on the same birds. Seasonal patterns provided no evidence that louse reproduction or abundance is coordinated by the long breeding and moulting seasons of the host.

VL - 147 UR - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X14000844 IS - 06 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance and stability of populations of a chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), on common nighthawks, Chordeiles minor (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae) in Manitoba, Canada JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2015 DO - 10.4039/tce.2014.85 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Lamb, Robert J. SP - 723 EP - 731 AB -

Populations of the chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), were investigated on its host the common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Aves: Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), from 1992 to 2013 in southern Manitoba, Canada. The louse was present in all but one year with an annual prevalence of 0.52, mean intensity of 16 lice per infested bird, a ratio of 0.81 males and 1.89 nymphs to female (n = 178). Intensity was the same in the first 11 and last nine years of the study, but prevalence dropped from 0.59 to 0.34 between the two decades. Population variability for annual abundance, measured as PV, was 0.49. In August, adults and newly fledged nighthawks had a prevalence of infestation similar to the adults that immigrated in the spring, but mean intensity did not reach spring levels until September–October. Samples of hosts were small in some years, reducing the precision of parameter estimates, particularly those based on ratios. The population parameters for M. macrocephalus on a native migrant host were intermediate in the ranges of parameters for four species of lice on non-migratory, introduced feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae), but the distributions of M. macrocephalus among nighthawks was less severely aggregated than those from pigeons.

VL - 147 UR - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X14000856 IS - 06 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anatoecus species (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Anseriformes in North America and taxonomic status of Anatoecus dentatus and Anatoecus icterodes JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2014 DO - 10.4039/tce.2014.12 A1 - Grossi, Alexandra A. A1 - Sharanowski, Barbara J. A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 598 EP - 608 AB -

Anatoecus Cummings (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) is a genus of chewing lice with four species infesting Anseriformes in North America: Anatoecus cygni (Denny), Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli), Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch), and Anatoecus penicillatus Kéler. Males of A. dentatus and A. icterodes are distinguishable by their genitalia; however, there are no known anatomical characteristics to distinguish females. Anatoecus dentatus and A. icterodes are recorded from at least 55 of the same host species worldwide. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I was examined from the four Anatoecus species, specifically to examine the taxonomic status of A. dentatus and A. icterodes. When sequences from these species were analysed using neighbour joining analysis, A. dentatus and A. icterodes were recovered in a well-supported cluster. However, A. dentatus and A. icterodes were mixed within the same cluster. The average interspecific genetic distance of A. dentatus and A. icterodes (0.04%) was almost the same as the average intraspecific genetic distances of A. dentatus and A. icterodes 0.02% and 0.05%, respectively. Therefore, we formally synonymise A. dentatus and A. icterodes as Anatoecus dentatus (new synonymy). In addition two new hosts for A. penicillatus were recorded: Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae) and Chen caerulescens (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes: Anatidae).

VL - 146 UR - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X14000121 IS - 06 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectoparasites of nestling European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) from a nest box colony in Nova Scotia, Canada JF - Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society Y1 - 2014 A1 - Fairn, Evan R. A1 - Hornsby, Mark A.W. A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Barber, Colleen A. SP - 19 EP - 22 KW - ectoparasites KW - European starlings KW - Nova Scotia VL - 10 UR - http://www.acadianes.org/journal/papers/fairn_13-1.pdf ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Chewing Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) and Feather Mites (Acari: Astigmatina: Analgoidea, Pterolichoidea): Ectosymbionts of Grassland Birds in Canada T2 - Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands: Biodiversity and Systematics Part 1 Y1 - 2014 DO - 10.3752/9780968932162.ch5 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Heather C. Proctor A1 - Sergey Mironov ED - Cárcamo, H.A. ED - Giberson, D.J. SP - 139 EP - 188 AB -

The diversity of bird species nesting in Canadian grasslands is high, and each of them is host to one
or more species of lice and mites. A checklist of feather lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) and feather mites (Acari: Analgoidea, Pterolichoidea) from 160 species of birds that nest in terrestrial and aquatic habitats in the grassland biome in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba is provided here. The list includes known and expected records. In total, four families, 54 genera, and 183 named species and subspecies of chewing lice are known to occur on these hosts in the Prairie Provinces. At least an additional 63 species are expected to be found eventually, on the basis of records from these hosts elsewhere in North America. Twenty-seven species in six genera have been collected from hosts with no prior louse records; many of these species are undescribed. For feather mites, 20 families, 73 genera, 134 named species, and 38 undescribed species are known to occur, and an additional 13 genera and 39 species are expected to be found eventually on these hosts in Canadian grasslands. Many populations and species of grassland-breeding birds are endangered in North America, and it
is clear that should they be lost, many species of lice and mites would disappear with them.

JF - Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands: Biodiversity and Systematics Part 1 T3 - Biodiversity and Systematics Part 1 PB - Biological Survey of Canada VL - 3 SN - 978-0-9689321-6-2 UR - http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68826.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abundance and stability are species traits for four chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons, Columba livia (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) JF - The Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2014 DO - 10.4039/tce.2013.86 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Lamb, Robert J. SP - 444 EP - 456 AB -

Population parameters of ectoparasites on feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae), were estimated from 1995–2012 in southern Manitoba, Canada. The ectoparasites are chewing lice (Phthiraptera): Philopteridae – Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus), and Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro; Menoponidae – Hohorstiella lata (Piaget). We tested the hypotheses that both abundance and population stability are species-specific traits. Over 10 years, the four species of lice had distinct population dynamics. Campanulotes compar and C. columbae were more abundant than C. tovornikae and H. lata, had higher male to female sex ratios and higher ratios of nymphs to females, different levels of aggregation, and more stable populations. Campanulotes compar was more prevalent than C. columbae and its prevalence was more stable, and the two species also showed differences in the levels and stabilities of male and nymph to female ratios. Coloceras tovornikae had a higher prevalence and male to female sex ratio than H. lata, but the two species showed similar levels of stability for these parameters. The level of stability of these populations was relatively high com- pared with many other organisms, and in particular higher than for plant ectoparasites (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Although the four species occupy similar habitats, often on the same bird, and three of the four feed in a similar way, the population biology of each species is distinct. The life history traits that lead to these differences have yet to be determined.

VL - 146 UR - http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X13000862 IS - 04 JO - Can Entomol ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Notes and comments on the Phthiraptera. In: Faunal Analysis Project Y1 - 2006 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Skidmore, R. SP - 32 JF - Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) PB - Faunal Analysis Project ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serendipity with chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) infesting rock pigeons and mourning doves (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) in Manitoba, with new records for North America and Canada JF - Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 2008 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Ricardo L. Palma SP - 208 EP - 218 AB - An extensive survey of chewing lice from rock pigeon, Columba livia Gmelin, and mourning dove, Zenaida macroura (L.), carried out from 1994 to 2000 and from 2003 to 2006 in Manitoba, Canada, produced the following new records: Coloceras tovornikae Tendeiro for North America; Columbicola macrourae (Wilson), Hohorstiella lata (Piaget), H. paladinella Hill and Tuff, and Physconelloides zenaidurae (McGregor) for Canada; and Bonomiella columbae Emerson, Campanulotes compar (Burmeister), Columbicola baculoides (Paine), and C. columbae (L.) for Manitoba. We collected 25,418 lice of four species (C. compar, C. columbae, H. lata, and C. tovornikae) from 322 rock pigeons. The overall prevalence of infestation was 78.9%, 52.5%, and 23.3% for C. compar, C. columbae, and H. lata, respectively. Coloceras tovornikae was not discovered until 2003, after which its prevalence was 39.9% on 114 pigeons. We collected 1116 lice of five species (P. zenaidurae, C. baculoides, C. macrourae, H. paladinella, and B. columbae) from 117 mourning doves. Physconelloides zenaidurae was encountered most often (prevalence was 36.7%), while the prevalence of the other four species was 26.3%, 18.4%, 3.5%,and 2.6%, respectively. VL - 140 UR - http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/48186.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectoparasites (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae; Acari: Ixodidae) of Common Nighthawk, Chordeiles minor, and Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), in Manitoba JF - Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Y1 - 2007 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 5 EP - 11 AB -

Samples of 103 salvaged Common Nighthawks (Chordeiles minor (Forster)) and seven Whip–poor–wills (Caprimulgus vociferous Wilson) were examined for ectoparasites in Manitoba during 1992-2004. Two nighthawks were infested with the rabbit tick, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard), and 64 (62.1%) with the chewing louse, Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg), at a mean intensity of 13.5. Louse infestation fits a negative binomial distribution (k=0.299; mean/variance ratio=18.5); females outnumbered males in the total sample, males:females=0.66. Prevalence of infestation was lower in adult birds examined during May and June (37.5%; n=16) than in mixed–age birds examined from 31 July to December (64.7%; n=85), though mean intensity was similar (17.7 versus 13.6, respectively). Two of seven Whip–poor–wills were infested with an undescribed Mulcticola sp.

VL - 137 (2006) UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46917.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectoparasites of northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae) from the Canadian Arctic JF - Polar Biology Y1 - 2006 A1 - Mallory,Mark L. A1 - Mark Forbes A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 353 EP - 357 KW - Survey AB -

We studied the prevalence and intensity of infestation of ectoparasites on northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis L.) from a breeding colony in Arctic Canada in June–August 2003. No fleas or ticks were found on any fulmars, but three species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera) were recorded: Ischnocera: Perineus nigrolimbatus (Giebel 1874), Ischnocera: Saemundssonia occidentalis (Kellogg 1896), and Amblycera: Ancistrona vagelli (Fabricius 1787). Non-breeding birds had a higher prevalence of lice than breeding birds, and prevalence varied markedly among louse species. Our study is an important baseline for the occurrence of ectoparasites on northern fulmars in the high Arctic, a region undergoing extensive environmental change due to global warming, and an area where parasites are expected to extend ranges or increase in prevalence under changing annual temperature regimes.

VL - 29 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46164.pdf IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectoparasites from native and introduced birds from Christchurch and surrounding areas, New Zealand JF - Tuhinga Y1 - 2005 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 13 EP - 20 VL - 16 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/9075.pdf U2 - pdf U4 - 9075 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - "NYAH! What's up Doc?" Why is the sucking louse, Haematodipsus setoni (Anoplura: Polyplacidae), an ectoparasite of eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus (Lagomorpha: Leporidae), in Mmanitoba? JF - Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba Y1 - 2003 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 26 KW - fauna VL - 59 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/8865.pdf U2 - pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species packing in lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Mallophaga) infesting the sora, Porzana carolina (Aves: Rallidae)? JF - Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba Y1 - 2004 A1 - Terry D. Galloway KW - fauna VL - 60 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/8866.pdf U2 - pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arthropod ectoparasites of vertebrates in Canada. A brief prepared by the Biological Survey of Canada JF - Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Canada Y1 - 1990 A1 - Terry D. Galloway A1 - Danks,H. V. SP - 11 pp AB -

Arthropod ectoparasites are a diverse element of the Canadian fauna, and frequently impinge upon the performance and well-being of man, domestic animals, and wildlife. The fauna is not well known, with only about 17% of the expected species recorded. The mites and chewing lice in particular need study. There is considerable potential for investigation of the ecological, physiological and systematic relationships of the ectoparasites and their hosts. Unfortunately, there has been no coordinated research effort, and much of the research has been directed only to economically important species or disease vectors. Consequently we are presented with a rather biased view of faunal relationships.The Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods) therefore recommends ways to improve the state of knowledge of Canadian arthropod ectoparasites: additional resources aimed at long-term objectives, increased awareness among a variety of biological disciplines, and fruitful avenues for future research.

VL - 23 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/42857.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lice (Phthiraptera) infesting Manitoba’s provincial bird, the great gray owl, Strix nebulosa JF - Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Manitoba Y1 - 2002 A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 33 AB -

(S10) Terry D. GALLOWAY, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2. Lice (Phthiraptera) infesting Manitoba’s provincial bird, the great gray owl, Strix nebulosa. Sixty-seven (61.5%) of 109 Great Gray Owls salvaged from the Manitoba Wildlife Rehabilitation Organization and from Manitoba Conservation (1994-2002) were infested with Strigiphilus remotus at a mean intensity of 63.3 (1-867) lice per infested bird. Kurodaia magna infested 15 of 109 owls (12.8%) at a mean of 68.5 per infested owl (1-238). Nine birds were infested with both S. remotus and K. magna. The implications of extracting information on the ectoparasite fauna of salvaged birds will be discussed.

VL - 58 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/6673.pdf U2 - pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A taxonomic review of the Ceratophyllus Curtis, 1832 of North America (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae: Ceratophyllinae) JF - Journal of Vector Ecology Y1 - 2001 A1 - Lewis,Robert E. A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 119 EP - 161 KW - bird KW - flea VL - 26 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11545225_A_taxonomic_review_of_the_Ceratophyllus_Curtis_1832_of_North_America_Siphonaptera_Ceratophyllidae_Ceratophyllinae IS - 2 U2 - pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Records of ectoparasites collected on ospreys from Ontario JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases Y1 - 1997 A1 - Miller,M. J. R. A1 - Ewins,P. J. A1 - Terry D. Galloway SP - 373 EP - 376 KW - bird KW - Bonnetella KW - ectoparasite KW - fusca KW - habiaeeti KW - Haliaetus KW - Kurodaia KW - osprey KW - Pandion KW - Survey AB -

Ectoparasites were collected from ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in four study areas within the Great Lakes basin of Ontario, Canada. Two parasitic mite (Acari) species, Bonnetella fusca and Analloptes sp., were collected from nestlings. One chewing louse (Mallophaga) Kurodaia haliaeeti was collected from nestlings and adults. Prevalence and intensity of K. haliaeeti were greater in the most northern of the four study areas. Bonnetella prevalence and intensity did not seem to vary greatly across the study areas. New range and host records are presented for B. fusca and Analloptes sp., respectively.

VL - 33 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3058.pdf IS - 2 U2 - pdf ER -