TY - JOUR T1 - PREVALENCE OF MITES AND FLEAS AS PRIMARY TURKEY ECTOPARASITES IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA JF - Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences Y1 - 2013 A1 - S.O. Iposu A1 - N. Okwelum A1 - O. Ridwan Sanni A1 - K. Sanwo A1 - B.O. Oduguwa SP - 154 EP - 157 KW - ectoparasites KW - Prevalence KW - Turkey AB -

The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of mites and fleas as primary ectoparasites of turkeys within Odeda Local Government Area (LGA) of Ogun state The survey was carried out in five selected localities within Odeda local government area. These areas include: Odeda village, Osiele, Alabata village, Obantoko and Eleweran. The study was carried out to establish if there was any relationship between certain management factors in turkey rearing and the prevalence of the ectoparasites. Structured interview guides were used to collect relevant data from 200 turkey owners while their birds were sampled to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites. Mites and fleas were collected, identified and enumerated. Ectoparasite species identification and enumeration were carried out in the Parasitology laboratory in the College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State. Data collected were subjected to Chi-square analysis to establish significant associations. Out of the 200 turkeys examined 94.0% were infested with one or more of the ectoparasites. There were significant associations (P < 0.001) between housing of animals, cleaning of housing, and health management with the level of prevalence of the ectoparasites. There was no significant association between the prevalence of all the parasites with supplementary feeding (P > 0.05). It was concluded that mites and fleas are ectoparasites of economic importance, and that certain of turkey management practices appear to be important risk factors as they positively influence their infestation in the study area. Also routine and strategic control measures should be factored into production to increase profit in the production, health and general welfare of the turkeys.

VL - 2 UR - https://www.longdom.org/abstract/prevalence-of-mites-and-fleas-as-primary-turkey-ectoparasites-in-odeda-local-government-area-of-ogun-state-nigeria-3050.html IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Descriptions of three congeneric species of chewing lice of the Oxylipeurus-complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, including a new genus and a new species JF - Zootaxa Y1 - 2020 DO - 10.11646/zootaxa.4801.3.4 A1 - Daniel R Gustafsson A1 - Fasheng Zou SP - 488 EP - 512 KW - congeneric KW - Meleagris gallopavo KW - new genus KW - new species KW - Oxylipeurus-complex KW - redescription KW - Turkey KW - Valimia KW - Valimia necopinata AB -

The lice of the Oxylipeurus-complex parasitising the turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, belong to a previously undescribed genus. In this paper, we describe this genus as Valimia new genus, redescribe two of its species: Lipeurus polytrapezius Burmeister, 1838 and Oxylipeurus corpulentus Clay, 1938, and describe the new species Valimia necopinata, discovered during our examination of samples of the two known species. This occurrence represents the first record of three congeneric species of chewing lice parasitising the same host individual.

VL - 4801 UR - https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4801.3.4 IS - 3 JO - Zootaxa ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lice infestation and diversity in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java, Indonesia JF - Veterinary World Y1 - 2020 DO - 10.14202/vetworld.2020.782-788 A1 - Joko Prastowo A1 - Dwi Priyowidodo A1 - Wisnu Nurcahyo A1 - Defriana Lutfi Chusnaifah A1 - Lu'lu' Sahara Wusahaningtyas A1 - Lintang Winantya Firdausy A1 - Ana Sahara SP - 782 EP - 788 KW - central java KW - lice KW - Turkey KW - Yogyakarta AB -

Background and Aim: Biting lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) are ectoparasites that play important roles in the transmission of disease agents that infect turkeys and impact turkey productivity. This study aimed to determine the diversity of lice that infest turkeys in the Central Java Province and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: Lice sampling was conducted at 16 different locations from April 2019 to June 2019 in turkeys aged 4 months to 2 years. The samples were stored in 70% alcohol and were identified using avian louse keys. The morphology of the specimens was macroscopically and microscopically evaluated, and the resulting data were descriptively and qualitatively analyzed.

Results: A total of 2505 lice were collected, and two families and five genera of lice were identified. Three lice genus members of the Philopteridae family (Lipeurus, Oxylipeurus, and Chelopistes) and two genera of the Menoponidae family (Colpocephalum and Menacanthus) were identified. Lipeurus was the most frequently identified genera in turkeys, whereas Menacanthus was the most rarely identified one. The White Holland breed had the highest number of lice infestations, whereas the Jersey Buff breed exhibited the highest diversity of lice genera. The average number of lice infestations was higher in male turkeys than in female turkeys.

Conclusion: The occurrence of ectoparasites in domestic turkeys indicates that the existence and diversity of lice genera in the study location can be influenced by turkey type, turkey maintenance system, enclosure sanitation measures, lack of strategic ectoparasite control, and environmental factors.

VL - 13 UR - http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.13/April-2020/25.html IS - 4 JO - Vet World ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Two Species of Ticks and Lice on Some Blood and Biochemical Parameters and their Role in the Transmission of Toxoplasma Gondii to Turkey Meleagris Gallopavo during Spring and Summer Seasons in AL-Diwaniyah Province – Iraq JF - Journal of Global Pharma Technology Y1 - 2018 A1 - Khalid Thamir Mattar Al-Shaibani A1 - Hiba Riyadh Jameel Al-abodi A1 - Hussein R. Mahmood SP - 273 EP - 280 KW - lice KW - PCR KW - Tick KW - Turkey AB -

AL-Diwaniyah governorate was the research place, where the study was conducted in during spring and summer seasons from the start of March 2017 to the end of October 2018. 120 turkey birds were selected from some districts and areas of AL-Diwaniyah governorate such as AL-Diwaniyah, AL-Shamiya, AL- Daghara,AL- Sanniyah, AL-Hamza and Afak, With 20 birds per region (10 per season). Two species of ticks: Argus persicus and Dermacentor variabilis were diagnosed with 15% and 18.3% respectively, and two species of lice: Goniocotes gallinae and Menacanthus straminus with 37.5% and 27.5% sequentially. The results showed a significant increase in the Infection of ticks and lice in spring compared to summer, where the rate of infection of tick and lice was 51.66% and 85%, respectively, while infection rate in summer was 23.33% and 35%, respectively. Infection by lice was high during spring in the areas of AL- Dagara, AL- Saniyah,and AL- Hamza . It was observed that there increasing in the numbers of isolated lice species in these areas in comparison with the number of tick, whereas the lowest rates of infection by ticks and lice were in the province center. The results revealed a significant decreasing ( P ˂ 0.05 )in the concentration of Hb, the volume of PCV and the total number of RBC of infected birds compared with non-infected, while a high significant increasing was observed in the total number of WBC of infected birds in comparison with non-infected ones. The results of biochemical parameters of serum showed a significant decrease P (0.05) in the values of total protein concentrations, cholesterol and glucose of the infected birds' serum. The lowest values were for infected birds with lice, followed by tick compared to control. Eye examination of the skin and feathers of infected birds illustrated the presence of important changes such as the fall; fracture and lack of feathers completely in some areas of skin as well as wounds, scratches, and bleeding were clearly observed. The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of tick A. persicus and lice M. stramineus tissues showed that diagnostic gene B1 (399bp) of T.gondii was present in 20 samples of the total number. This indicates the presence of this parasite in its tissues and ability to transmit it.

VL - 10 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329251611_Effect_of_Two_Species_of_Ticks_and_Lice_on_Some_Blood_and_Biochemical_Parameters_and_their_Role_in_the_Transmission_of_Toxoplasma_Gondii_to_Turkey_Meleagris_Gallopavo_during_Spring_and_Summer_Seasons_ IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prévalence et variations saisonnières des infestations par les ectoparasites des dindons de basse-cour, Meleagris gallopavo, à Sokoto, Nigeria JF - Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux Y1 - 2017 DO - 10.19182/remvt.31391 A1 - Fabiyi,J. P. A1 - Musbaudeen Olayinka Alayande A1 - Alexander Olayinka Akintule A1 - Mohammed Dalhatu Lawal A1 - Aliyu Mahmuda A1 - Mahmud Usman SP - 21 KW - ectoparasite KW - Morbidity KW - Nigeria KW - Turkey AB -

Résumé: Entre août 2009 et juillet 2011, une étude a été conduite dans la région de Sokoto pour déterminer le taux d’infestation des dindons par les ectoparasites ainsi que l’abondance et les variations saisonnières de ces derniers. Les parasites ont été récoltés par la méthode du « dust-ruffling » (déloger les para- sites des plumes en les ébouriffant après saupoudrage de pyré- thrinoïde), puis mis dans des flacons d’éthanol à 70 %, avant d’être éclaircis au lactophénol, puis identifiés au microscope. L’examen de 265 oiseaux a révélé de forts taux d’infestation ainsi qu’une grande diversité parasitaires puisque 12 espèces ont été identifiées. Quatre espèces de poux (Phthiraptera : Ischnocera et Amblycera) ont été trouvées : Lipeurus tropi- calis (chez 78 % des dindons alors que cette espèce n’avait jusqu’alors pas été mentionnée chez cet oiseau), Menacan- thus stramineus (48 %), Goniocotes gallinae (35 %) et Chelo- pistes meleagridis (33 %). Il y avait également deux espèces de tiques (Acari : Metastigmata), Argas persicus (chez 50 % des oiseaux) et Hyalomma impressum (10 %), et cinq aca- riens responsables de gales (Acari : Astigmata et Mesostig- mata) : Bdellonyssus bursa (45 %), Megninia cubitalis (32 %), Epidermoptes bilobatus (20 %), Freyana chanayi (12 %) et Cnemidocoptes mutans (10 %). Une seule espèce de puce (Siphonaptera : Ceratophylloidea), Echidnophaga gallinacea, a été identifiée. Dans de nombreux cas, les oiseaux n’étaient infestés que par moins d’une douzaine de parasites, mais L. tropicalis et B. bursa étaient en revanche très abondants sur certains dindons qui pouvaient héberger plusieurs milliers d’individus. D’autres oiseaux étaient infestés par des dizaines voire quelques centaines d’A. persicus, de M. stramineus ou d’E. gallinacea. Les infestations étaient plus fréquentes pendant la saison sèche chaude (p < 0,01) et la saison chaude humide (p < 0,05) que pendant la saison sèche fraîche. Ces observa- tions suggèrent qu’il serait nécessaire de mettre en place des mesures de prévention et de lutte pour réduire l’importance des ectoparasites dans cette région.

Mots-clés : dindon, ectoparasite, morbidité, Nigeria

Engish title: Prevalence and seasonal fluctuations of ectoparasites infesting backyard turkeys, Meleagris gallopavo, in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria

A systematic survey was conducted during two consecutive years, August 2009 to July 2011, to study the prevalence, abundance and seasonal fluctuations of ectoparasites of turkeys in Sokoto and its environs. The ectoparasites were recovered from the birds using the dust-ruffling technique, fixed in 70% alco- hol and identified microscopically following clearing in lactophenol. The results, based on examination of 265 birds, revealed a high prevalence and a high par- asite diversity with no less than 12 species recorded. In decreasing order of prevalence, ectoparasites recorded included four louse species (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera and Amblycera): Lipeurus tropicalis (78%, hitherto unknown from turkeys), Menacanthus stramineus (48%), Goniocotes gallinae (35%), and Chelo- pistes meleagridis (33%). Two species of ticks (Acari: Metastigmata) were found: Argas persicus (50%) and Hyalomma impressum (10%). Five parasitic mites (Acari: Astigmata and Mesostigmata) were observed: Bdellonyssus bursa (45%), Megninia cubitalis (32%), Epidermoptes bilobatus (20%), Freyana chanayi (12%) and Cnemidocoptes mutans (10%). Only one flea species (Siphonaptera: Cera- tophylloidea), Echidnophaga gallinacea, was found. Many infestations consisted of a few to a dozen individuals per bird, but L. tropicalis and B. bursa were very abundant and could reach thousands of individuals on some birds, and A. persicus, M. stramineus and E. gallinacea were abundant, sometimes with hundreds of individuals, on some others. Infestations fluctuated seasonally and were more often present in the hot dry season (p < 0.01) and the warm wet sea- son (p < 0.05) than in the cool dry harmattan season. The findings suggest the need to develop effective preventive and control options to deal with ectopara- sites which flourish in numbers and diversity in the area.

VL - 70 UR - http://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/REMVT/article/view/31391 IS - 1 JO - Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cuclotogaster heterographus (Mallophaga: Lipeuridae) Infestation on Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)in Konya JF - Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi Y1 - 2006 A1 - Bilal Dik A1 - Uğur Uslu SP - 125 EP - 127 KW - Turkey AB -

Article in Turkish: Konya’da Halkalı Sülünlerde (Phasianus colchicus) Cuclotogaster heterographus Mallophaga: Lipeuridae) Enfestasyonu

ÖZET: Bu çalışma, halkalı sülünlerdeki ektoparazitlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliği’ndeki 55 adet halkalı sülünde ektoparazitlerin görüldüğü bildirilmiş, bunun üzerine, sülünler, zeminine beyaz kağıt serili büyükçe bir karton kutu içine konulduktan sonra propoxur ile ilaçlanmışlardır. Kağıt üzerine dökülen ektoparazitler içinde %70’ lik alkol bulunan bir şişeye konulmuşlar ve bir kaç gün süreyle laktofenolde saydamlaştırıldıktan sonra lam üzerine Faure Forte medium ile yapıştırılarak teşhis edilmişlerdir. Ektoparazitlerin tamamının bit olduğu gözlenmiş ve hepsi Cuclotogaster heterographus olarak teşhis edilmişlerdir. Bu çalışma ile, Türkiye’ de, sülünlerde C. heterographus’ un varlığı ilk kez bildirilmektedir.

The aim of this study was to detect ectoparasites on ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in Konya. On the Research and Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Selcuk University, 55 ring-necked pheasants were observed to be infested with ectoparasites. Because of this, the pheasants were put into a large cartoon-box, the bottom of which was covered with a white paper and were treated with propoxur for a few minutes. The ectoparasites that had fallen on the paper were transferred to a tube containing 70% ethyl alcohol. After being cleared in lactophenol for a few days, they were mounted on slides in Faure-Forte medium. All of the ectoparasites were identified as the chewing lice (Mallophaga), Cuclotogaster heterographus. This is the first study that has recorded the presence of C. heterographus on ring - necked pheasants in Turkey.

VL - 30 UR - http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46608.pdf IS - 2 ER -