TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of louse infestation, wet feathers, and relative humidity on the grooming behavior of the domestic chicken JF - Poultry science Y1 - 1974 A1 - N. Sandra Brown SP - 1717 EP - 1719 KW - animals KW - Body Weight KW - chicken KW - feathers KW - grooming KW - humidity KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga KW - Poultry Diseases KW - Sebaceous Glands KW - temperature VL - 53 SN - 0032-5791 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Struthiolipeurus rheae (Mallophaga: Philopteridae), an ectoparasite of the common rhea (Rhea americana) JF - Journal of Parasitology Y1 - 1974 DO - https://doi.org/10.2307/3278929 A1 - Weisbroth,S. H. A1 - Seelig,A. W.,Jr SP - 892 EP - 894 KW - animals KW - bird KW - bird diseases KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga VL - 60 UR - https://www.jstor.org/stable/3278929 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The grey-breasted helmet guineafowl (Numida meleagridis galeata), a new host for Amyrsidea powelli (Bedford 1920) and Cuclotogaster occidentalis (Tendeiro 1954) JF - Revue d'elevage et de medecine veterinaire des pays tropicaux Y1 - 1980 A1 - Fabiyi,J. P. SP - 303 EP - 304 KW - animals KW - bird diseases KW - Bird parasites KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Lice/classification KW - Nigeria AB -

In the course of examination of 620 grey-breasted helmet guineafowl (Numida meleagridis galeata) from variouos parts of Northern Nigeria, two species of lice namely Amyrsidea powelli and Cuclotogaster occidentalis, hitherto unreported from these birds were recovered. A. powelli was present in 78 p. 100 birds, reaching pathogenic proportions on occasions while C. occidentalis was present in 17 p. 100 with all infestations being low.

VL - 33 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45612.pdf IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dispersal of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), and the chicken body louse, Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch), among thirty strains of egg-type hens in a caged laying house JF - Poultry science Y1 - 1980 DO - https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0591745 A1 - J. A. DeVaney A1 - Quisenberry,J. H. A1 - Doran,B. H. A1 - Bradley,J. W. SP - 1745 EP - 1749 KW - animals KW - chicken KW - Housing, Animal KW - lice KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mite Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Poultry Diseases AB -

From September 1978 through Februrary 1979, dispersal of uncontrolled, naturally occurring populations of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), and the chicken body louse, Menacanthus stramineus (Nitzch) was studied on 30 strains of egg-type pullets reared to 20 weeks old on four growing rations before being housed for egg production. Hens representing all 30 strains and each of the four feeding regimens had mites. The northern fowl mite spread from initial infestations down the entire length of the house in 1 month; after four months, the chicken body louse had spread approximately two-thirds the length of a cage row in the house. Populations of the northern fowl mite increased from very light to extra heavy within 1 month and then began a slow decline.

CY - UNITED STATES VL - 59 SN - 0032-5791 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119355919 IS - 8 N1 - LR: 20031114; JID: 0401150; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Canine pruritus: an approach to diagnosis. Stage II. Infestations and infections JF - Journal of Small Animal Practice Y1 - 1980 A1 - Thoday,K. L. SP - 449 EP - 458 KW - animals KW - Dog Diseases KW - Fleas/parasitology KW - impetigo KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Lice/parasitology KW - Mite Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Pruritus KW - Pyoderma KW - Scabies KW - Skin Diseases/parasitology/veterinary CY - ENGLAND VL - 21 SN - 0022-4510 IS - 8 N1 - LR: 20031114; JID: 0165053; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technic for the collection of Mallophaga from live birds JF - Angewandte Parasitologie Y1 - 1982 A1 - Eberhard Mey SP - 97 EP - 102 KW - animals KW - bird KW - bird diseases KW - English Abstract KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga KW - Specimen Handling/methods AB - The author describes his technique of collecting Mallophaga on live birds (chiefly Passeres, size like sparrow or blackbird). The description comprises the collecting of Mallophaga and the thorough examination of the Mallophaga infestation typical of the host. By these examinations valuable information about biology and ecology of the biting lice species can be obtained. The examinations can be combined with the ringing of the birds. Whereas Ischnocera of one host usually allow qualitative and quantitative determination, Amblycera (with the exception of Ricinus) do not always. Considering the ectoparasitocoenosis and the condition of the bird the examination data are recorded on the spot. The material collected (e.g. the nits, too) has to be preserved in dry state. VL - 23 SN - 0003-3162 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scanning electron microscopic study of female Bovicola caprae and B. limbata (Mallophaga) of Capra hircus JF - Angewandte Parasitologie Y1 - 1985 A1 - María D. Soler-Cruz A1 - Florido-Navio,Ana M. A1 - Revelles-Marin,F. A1 - Osuna-Carrillo de Albornoz,A. SP - 47 EP - 50 KW - Abattoirs KW - animals KW - goats KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning VL - 26 SN - 0003-3162 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infestacja gołębi domowych Columba livia dom., populacji wrocławskiej, wszołami stwierdzona latem 1983 r. JF - Wiadomosci parazytologiczne Y1 - 1986 A1 - Lonc,Elzbieta A1 - Kopczynska-Maslej,J. SP - 79 EP - 81 KW - animals KW - bird diseases KW - Columbidae KW - English Abstract KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga KW - Poland KW - Seasons KW - Urban AB -

Polish abstract: Columba livia dom, kosmopolityczny i synantropijny gołąb, był przedmiotem wielu badań parazytologicznych, ale przede wszystkim dotyczą cych biologii i ekologii najpospolitszego gatunku wszołów tj. Columbicola columbae columbae (L.) (Martin, 1934; Stenram, 1956; Rakshpal, 1958; Asb, 1960; El-Ziady, 1963; Rem i Złotorzycka, 1981). Mniej liczne prace dotyczą w ogóle parazytofauny wszołów tego ptaka (Mustafajeva i Hadjiyev, 1978; Selim i wsp., 1968; Szeleszczuk i Borzemska, 1984). Prezentowana praca ma charakter czysto faunistyczny i wykonana została na miejskiej populacji gołębi odłowionych latem 1983 r. z ulic Wrocławia.

English title: The infestation of domestic pigeons by biting lice in Wroclaw urban population - summer 1983

Ex,ami.:nation of 30 domestic pigeons from urban population revealed the occurrence of the following parasites: -,., Columbicola columbae columbae (L.), Campanulotes bidentatus compar (B.), and Hohorstiella gigantea lata (P.), The highest extensiveness (800/o) and intensiveness (6) was determined for C. c. columbae. The remaini.ng pigeon lice were rare. H. gigantea lata was f o und for the second time in Poland

CY - POLAND VL - 32 SN - 0043-5163 UR - https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46524_0.pdf IS - 1 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 0420554; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectoparasites of cattle JF - Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice Y1 - 1986 A1 - Loomis,E. C. SP - 299 EP - 321 KW - animals KW - cattle KW - Cattle Diseases KW - Culicidae KW - Dermacentor KW - Diptera KW - ectoparasite KW - lice KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mite Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Scabies KW - Tick Infestations/parasitology/veterinary CY - UNITED STATES VL - 2 SN - 0749-0720 IS - 2 N1 - LR: 20031114; JID: 8511905; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arthropods--the pelage of mammals as an environment JF - International Journal for Parasitology Y1 - 1987 A1 - Murray,M. D. SP - 191 EP - 195 KW - animals KW - hair KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Lice/physiology KW - mammal VL - 17 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45422.pdf IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CHARAKTERYSTYKA POPULACJI WSZOŁÓW (MALLOPHAGA) U BAŻANTA (PHASIANUS COLCHICUS L.) JF - Wiadomosci parazytologiczne Y1 - 1987 A1 - Modrzejewska,Maria SP - 67 EP - 79 KW - animals KW - bird diseases KW - Bird parasites KW - Comparative Study KW - English Abstract KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga KW - Poland KW - Seasons AB -

English title: CHARACTERISTIC OF POPULATION OF BITING LICE (MALLOPHAGA) IN PHEASANT (PHASIANUS COLCHICUS L.)

During four years (1975-79) 117 males of pheasants (young and adult) from Lower Silesia were examined. It was found 4474 biting lice belonging to 7 species (Table 1 and 2). Extensity of infestation was 90,60/o and mean intensity 42,2. The degree O'f infestation by biting lice were determined in 2 age groups as well as in 5 next months of autumn-winter period (Table 2, 3 and 4). It was found that
during all period study (October-March) the intensity and extensity were fluctuated and the maximum was in March. In young pheasants the infestation with many species were more frequent than in adultus (Table 5) as well as the intensity of infection was higher.

VL - 33 UR - https://phthiraptera.myspecies.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46501.PDF IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of host size on louse densities on eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) JF - Journal of Parasitology Y1 - 1987 A1 - Lance A. Durden SP - 426 EP - 427 KW - animals KW - Anoplura KW - Biometry KW - Body Weight KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Rodent Diseases/parasitology KW - Sciuridae VL - 73 UR - http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46494.pdf IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectoparasites and phoresants of the root vole (Microtus oeconomus Pall.) in the Polesye JF - Parazitologiya Y1 - 1988 A1 - Savitskii,B. P. A1 - Kulnazarov,B. K. SP - 372 EP - 377 KW - animals KW - Byelarus KW - ecology KW - ectoparasite KW - English Abstract KW - fleas KW - host parasite KW - lice KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Microtinae/parasitology KW - Tick Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - ticks AB - Drainage melioration in the Polesye resulted in a sharp increase in the number of tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus Pall.) which quickly included into the parasitocenosis of the drained land. There were found 26 parasitic and nonparasitic species of Gamasoidea, 3 species of Ixodidae and 2 species of Trombiculidae, 10 species of Aphaniptera, 3 species of Anoplura but there was found no species specific only for the tundra vole. All found parasites occur on many hosts. This explains wide parasitic links of the tundra vole with other homothermic animals which especially extensive with the bank vole and it may have important consequences for epizootiology of tularemia and tick-borne encephalitis. CY - RUSSIA VL - 22 SN - 0031-1847 IS - 5 N1 - LR: 20031114; JID: 0101672; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Feeding of the chewing louse Damalinia ovis (Schrank) (Phthiraptera:Trichodectidae) on sheep JF - Veterinary parasitology Y1 - 1989 A1 - Sinclair,A. N. A1 - Butler,R. W. A1 - Picton,J. SP - 233 EP - 251 KW - animals KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Frozen Sections KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - sheep KW - Sheep Diseases/parasitology KW - Skin/parasitology/ultrastructure AB - The possibility that Damalinia ovis ingests intact epidermis could explain economically important irritation behaviour by infested sheep. To test this, feeding lice were observed on sheep by hand lens and macrophotography and on light and scanning electron microscope preparations. Aspects of feeding behaviour were described, particularly an epidermal ingestion posture. Louse ingesta were examined in paraffin and frozen sections. Lipid-covered stratum corneum squames were identified in crop, midgut, rectum and faeces. Nucleated keratinocytes from inner epidermal strata were not seen, neither were wool fibres. Vertical frozen sheep skin sections, with feeding lice cryofixed by liquid nitrogen, showed mandibles engaged in the outer stratum corneum of the epidermis. The epidermal origin of some ingesta was confirmed by confirming lice over sheep whose skin was stained with Oil Red O, whose colour was seen in crop, midgut, rectum and faeces of harvested lice. Lipase was found in louse midgut. It was concluded that sebaceous secretions may form an important component of the D. ovis diet. The relative contribution from loose scurf or from stratum corneum squames was not determined. Mechanical stimuli by feeding lice did not seem to be the source of host irritation. The role of sensitising agents in louse brei filtrates was investigated with inconclusive results. Intradermal injections of louse faeces did not elicit a demonstrable response. VL - 30 SN - 0304-4017 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A second finding of Linognathoides laeviusculus (Grube) (Anoplura) in Rumania JF - Folia Parasitologica (Praha) Y1 - 1989 A1 - Volf,P. A1 - Černý,Vladimír SP - 208 KW - animals KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Lice/classification KW - Rodent Diseases/parasitology KW - Romania KW - Sciuridae CY - CZECHOSLOVAKIA VL - 36 SN - 0015-5683 IS - 3 N1 - LR: 20031114; JID: 0065750; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Mallophaga on the body of Acridotheres tristis (Aves) JF - Angewandte Parasitologie Y1 - 1989 A1 - S. Chandra A1 - Agarwal,G. P. A1 - Arun Kumar Saxena SP - 39 EP - 42 KW - animals KW - bird KW - bird diseases KW - host parasite KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga AB - 4 species of Mallophaga (2 Amblycera, Menacanthus eurysternus and Myrsidea sp., and 2 Ischnocera, Brueelia chayanh and Sturnidoecus affinis) coexist on the body of Common Myna, Acridotheres tristis. The distribution of eggs, nymphs and adults of these species on the body of host is discussed. The patterns of distribution coincides with their morphological adaptations. VL - 30 SN - 0003-3162 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recognition of the sucking louse Linognathus africanus on goats JF - Australian Veterinary Journal Y1 - 1989 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1989.tb09820.x A1 - O'Callaghan,M. G. A1 - Ian Beveridge A1 - Barton,M. A. A1 - McEwan,D. R. SP - 228 EP - 229 KW - animals KW - Anoplura KW - Australia KW - goats KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary CY - AUSTRALIA VL - 66 SN - 0005-0423 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/20381314_Recognition_of_the_sucking_louse_Linognathus_africanus_on_goats IS - 7 N1 - LR: 20031114; JID: 0370616; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of host-parasite associations among species of lice and rock-wallabies: coevolution? (J. F. A. Sprent Prize lecture, August 1990) JF - International journal for parasitology Y1 - 1991 A1 - Stephen C. Barker SP - 497 EP - 501 KW - animals KW - Australia KW - Awards and Prizes KW - Evolution KW - host parasite KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Lice/physiology KW - Macropodidae KW - Parasitology KW - Phylogeny KW - Societies, Scientific CY - ENGLAND VL - 21 SN - 0020-7519 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002075199190053A/part/first-page-pdf IS - 5 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 0314024; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High level resistance to cypermethrin in the sheep body louse JF - Australian Veterinary Journal Y1 - 1992 A1 - Levot,G. W. SP - 120 KW - animals KW - insecticide KW - Insecticide resistance KW - lice KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Pyrethrum KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - sheep KW - Sheep Diseases/parasitology CY - AUSTRALIA VL - 69 SN - 0005-0423 IS - 5 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 0370616; 0 (Insecticides); 0 (Pyrethrins); 52315-07-8 (cypermethrin); ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Systematic relationships among pocket gopher chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) inferred from electrophoretic data JF - International journal for parasitology Y1 - 1993 DO - dx.doi.org/10.1645/13-415.1 A1 - Nadler,Steven A. A1 - Mark S. Hafner SP - 191 EP - 201 KW - alleles KW - animals KW - electrophoresis KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga KW - Phylogeny KW - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Rodent Diseases/parasitology KW - rodentia AB -

Multilocus starch-gel electrophoresis was used to obtain electrophoretic data for maximum parsimony, phenetic, and component analysis of systematic relationships among 14 species of pocket gopher chewing lice and two outgroup species. Pocket gopher lice studied included taxa representing seven of the 25 species complexes in Geomydoecus, and two of the four species complexes of Thomomydoecus. In pairwise comparisons, 12 of the 14 pocket gopher lice were characterized by two or more fixed genetic differences, and each nominal species possessed at least one fixed difference. These electrophoretic results are consistent with previous morphological analysis of species-level taxonomy. A maximum-parsimony analysis of the electrophoretic data yielded 80 trees, each with a length of 78 steps and a consistency index of 0.83. The strict consensus tree and the UPGMA phenogram of genetic distances indicate that five species of lice from Central American pocket gophers (Orthogeomys) form a clade distinct from lice hosted by North American pocket gophers (Geomys, Thomomys, and Cratogeomys). Other louse clades receiving reasonable support in bootstrap parsimony analysis include: (Thomomydoecus wardi, Th. minor); (Geomydoecus scleritus, G. mobilensis); (G. panamensis, G. setzeri); and (G. cherriei, G. costaricensis). The systematic results of this electrophoretic study are generally consistent with the boundaries of louse species complexes described previously.

CY - ENGLAND VL - 23 SN - 0020-7519 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002075199390141K IS - 2 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 0314024; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies on the ectoparasites (fleas and lice) on rodents in Riyadh and its surroundings, Saudi Arabia JF - Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology Y1 - 1993 A1 - el Bahrawy,Awad A. F. A1 - al Dakhil,Mohamed A. SP - 723 EP - 735 KW - animals KW - ectoparasite KW - Fleas/classification KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Lice/classification KW - Rodent Diseases/parasitology KW - Saudi Arabia AB - A survey was conducted on rodents from the Riyadh City and surroundings. Two species of fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis and Ctenocephalides felis felis together with Polyplax spinulosa were collected. The highest infestation rate by both fleas occurred on Rattus rattus followed by Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus. Females of R. rattus and R. norvegicus were more infested by fleas than males. On the other hand, Meriones spp., Gerbillus spp., Jaculus jaculus and Acomys dimidiatus were infested with X. cheopis and C.f. felis. The highest infestation rate by fleas occurred on Gerbillus spp. followed by Meriones spp. VL - 23 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45247.pdf IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two new subgenera of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) from pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae), with a key to all included taxa JF - Journal of Medical Entomology Y1 - 1994 A1 - Hellenthal,Ronald A. A1 - Roger D. Price SP - 450 EP - 466 KW - animals KW - Comparative Study KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Lice/anatomy & histology/classification KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. KW - Rodent Diseases/parasitology KW - Rodentia/parasitology KW - Species Specificity AB -

The new subgenera Thaelerius and Jamespattonius are described, respectively, for the eight species of Geomydoecus in the thomomyus complex of lice and the four species of Thomomydoecus in the wardi complex. Except for T. byersi Hellenthal & Price from Thomomys bottae (Eydoux & Gervais), these lice are restricted to the Thomomys talpoides (Richardson) complex of pocket gophers and are the only lice found on these hosts. A key is given for the identification of the currently recognized 122 taxa of pocket gopher lice.

VL - 31 SN - 0022-2585 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/45235.pdf IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imports from third countries JF - Veterinary Record Y1 - 1995 A1 - Broadbent,R. S. SP - 424 KW - animals KW - Belgium KW - bird KW - bird diseases KW - Europe KW - Great Britain KW - lice KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Namibia KW - Quarantine CY - ENGLAND VL - 136 SN - 0042-4900 IS - 16 N1 - LR: 20031114; JID: 0031164; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Jungles: a new solution to the host/parasite phylogeny reconciliation problem JF - Mathematical biosciences Y1 - 1998 A1 - Charleston,Michael A. SP - 191 EP - 223 KW - animals KW - host parasite KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Mallophaga KW - Models, Biological KW - Phylogeny KW - Rodent Diseases/parasitology KW - Rodentia/parasitology AB - The problem of finding least-cost reconstructions of past host/parasite associations, given the phylogenetic histories of a set of host taxa and of their associated parasites, is known to be complex. I provide in this article a new method of implicitly listing all the potentially optimal solutions to the problem, by considering each hypothesised past association individually, in a structure I have termed a Jungle. These structures are demonstrated to enable fast acquisition of globally optimal solutions under general weighting schemes, including minimisation of total number of postulated events and maximization of postulated cospeciation events. A simple example is given, and the pocket gopher/chewing louse system investigated by Hafner and Nadler [Hafner and Nadler, Nature 332 (1988) 258] is re-examined. CY - UNITED STATES VL - 149 SN - 0025-5564 IS - 2 N1 - LR: 20031114; JID: 0103146; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serum and skin surface antibodies and their associations with sheep biting lice, Bovicola ovis, on experimentally infested sheep JF - Medical and veterinary entomology Y1 - 1998 DO - https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2915.1998.00110.x A1 - Peter J. James A1 - Moon,R. D. A1 - Ragsdale,D. W. SP - 276 EP - 283 KW - animals KW - Antibodies/analysis KW - Biological Assay KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga KW - population density KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - sheep KW - Sheep Diseases/parasitology KW - Skin/immunology AB -

The sheep biting louse (Bovicola ovis) feeds superficially on the skin of sheep but appears to stimulate an immune response. In this study we examined the association between louse infestation and serum and skin surface antibodies. Louse numbers were monitored on experimentally infested Polypay and Columbia ewes for two years and on their lambs in the second year. Serum and skin wash samples were tested for antibodies to soluble extracts of B. ovis, Stomoxys calcitrans and Musca autumnalis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the effects of skin wash extracts on B. ovis were examined in vitro. The titre of anti-B. ovis antibodies in the serum did not differ significantly between infested and naive ewes. However, there was an increase in serum antibody titre which coincided with periods of high louse density in ewes with high louse counts. Infested lambs had higher serum antibody levels than naive lambs. Substantial cross reactivity was evident among extracts of the different insects. Densities of lice on the ewes during population decline were negatively related to the titre of skin surface antibodies. Skin washings collected from sheep during B. ovis population decline reduced the number of louse progeny when incorporated into louse diet. These results indicate that B. ovis stimulates an immune response in sheep and suggest that compounds on the skin surface may play a role in the regulation of louse populations.

CY - ENGLAND VL - 12 SN - 0269-283X UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2915.1998.00110.x IS - 3 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 8708682; 0 (Antibodies); ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial distribution and spread of sheep biting lice, Bovicola ovis, from point infestations JF - Veterinary parasitology Y1 - 1999 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00259-3 A1 - Peter J. James A1 - Moon,R. D. SP - 323 EP - 339 KW - abdomen KW - Analysis of Variance KW - animals KW - Back/parasitology KW - head KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Linear Models KW - Mallophaga KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - sheep KW - Sheep Diseases/parasitology KW - Skin/parasitology KW - wool AB -

The spatial distribution of chewing lice (Bovicola ovis) on their hosts was examined in Polypay and Columbia ewes initially artificially infested on the midside or the neck. Densities of lice were determined at 69 body sites in eight body regions at approximately monthly intervals for 2 years. In the second year, half of the ewes were mated and lice were counted at 26 body sites on the resulting lambs. Polypay ewes had higher densities of lice than Columbias at most inspections but there was little effect of infestation point or mating on either numbers or the distribution of lice. During periods of high louse numbers densities were generally greatest on the sides or the back. Densities on the head were also high at times and peaked later than overall louse densities. Shearing markedly reduced density but increased the proportion of lice found on the neck, belly and lowleg sites. The distribution of lice on the lambs was similar to that on the ewes except that fewer lice were found on the head. Comparisons of lice per part with the numbers of lice extracted from clipped patches indicated that a sheep with wool bearing area of 1 m2 and a mean count of one louse per 10 cm fleece parting carried approximately 2000 lice. At most times of the year inspections for sheep lice should be concentrated on the sides and back, but in recently shorn sheep greater attention should be paid to the lower neck and ventral regions. Implications of the observed distributions of lice for the efficacy of chemical treatments are discussed.

VL - 81 SN - 0304-4017 UR - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401798002593?via%3Dihub IS - 4 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 7602745; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arbovirus of marine mammals: a new alphavirus isolated from the elephant seal louse, Lepidophthirus macrorhini JF - Journal of virology Y1 - 2001 A1 - La Linn,M. A1 - Gardner,J. A1 - Warrilow,D. A1 - Darnell,G. A. A1 - McMahon,C. R. A1 - Field,I. A1 - Hyatt,A. D. A1 - Slade,R. W. A1 - Suhrbier,A. SP - 4103 EP - 4109 KW - Alphavirus KW - Amino Acids KW - animals KW - Arbovirus Infections/immunology/veterinary/virology KW - Arboviruses/classification/genetics/immunology/ultrastructure KW - Base Sequence KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - dna KW - Hamsters KW - humans KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Lice/virology KW - Microscopy, Electron/methods KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Phylogeny KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - seals KW - Vero Cells AB - A novel alphavirus was isolated from the louse Lepidophthirus macrorhini, collected from southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, on Macquarie Island, Australia. The virus displayed classic alphavirus ultrastructure and appeared to be serologically different from known Australasian alphaviruses. Nearly all Macquarie Island elephant seals tested had neutralizing antibodies against the virus, but no virus-associated pathology has been identified. Antarctic Division personnel who have worked extensively with elephant seals showed no serological evidence of exposure to the virus. Sequence analysis illustrated that the southern elephant seal (SES) virus segregates with the Semliki Forest group of Australasian alphaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of known alphaviruses suggests that alphaviruses might be grouped according to their enzootic vertebrate host class. The SES virus represents the first arbovirus of marine mammals and illustrates that alphaviruses can inhabit Antarctica and that alphaviruses can be transmitted by lice. CY - United States VL - 75 SN - 0022-538X IS - 9 N1 - LR: 20041117; GENBANK/AF315122; JID: 0113724; 0 (DNA, Viral); ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A longitudinal study of a natural lice infestation in growing cattle over two winter periods JF - Veterinary parasitology Y1 - 2003 A1 - Milnes,A. S. A1 - O'Callaghan,C. J. A1 - Green,L. E. SP - 307 EP - 323 KW - animals KW - cattle KW - Cattle Diseases KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Mallophaga KW - population dynamics KW - Seasons AB - A group of 61 cattle which were naturally infested with lice was followed over two winter periods. Data were collected on the number of lice found at various body sites over this period. Summary statistics were produced and due to the repeated measured and hierarchical structure of the data, multi-level analysis was used to model the population dynamics of Bovicola bovis and assess the influence of the various hierarchical levels. A four level Poisson model was produced--level one, the individual number of lice at each parting; level two, the body site examined (shoulder, midline or rump); level three, the time of the inspection and level four, the animal. Seasonal fluctuation in lice numbers was modelled using a cosine function transformation of time. A seasonal pattern was seen in both year's with lice counts higher in the first than the second year. The midline area was the most sensitive to detection of B. bovis. Variance contributed by the individual animal was less than that contributed by the body site examined and the time of the inspection. The model suggested that lice numbers within the shoulder and rump sites were near random following a Poisson distribution, but aggregation of lice occurred at the midline site with the distribution between animals following a Negative Binomial Pattern. The midline site was the most sensitive site for detecting B. bovis. Infestation numbers were higher in the first winter when cattle were younger. In the second winter, there was no difference in lice numbers between cattle exposed to infection for the first or second time. VL - 112 SN - 0304-4017 IS - 4 N1 - LR: 20031208; JID: 7602745; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New report of Mallophaga from birds with 23 species new to the fauna of Italy JF - Parazitologiya Y1 - 1993 A1 - María Paz Martín-Mateo A1 - G. Manilla SP - 21 EP - 29 KW - animals KW - bird KW - bird diseases KW - Bird parasites KW - English Abstract KW - Italy KW - Lice Infestations/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mallophaga KW - Mallophaga classification KW - new KW - Species Specificity AB -

A taxonomic study on Mallophana specimens collected on 31 species of birds in some Italian regions is carried out. Forty-six species, 23 of which new to Italy, are reported.

VL - 35 SN - 0048-2951 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0712.pdf IS - 1-3 N1 - The bulk of this paper consists of a simple list describing the taxa obtianed from birds sampled in Italy. Additional host associations and notes to each louse taxon are also given. ER -