TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive strategies of ectoparasites on small mammals JF - Canadian Journal of Zoology Y1 - 1988 DO - 10.1139/z88-116 A1 - Lars Lundqvist SP - 774 EP - 781 AB -

A model of ectoparasitic reproductive strategies is presented. To be successful, an ectoparasite must either disperse to find a new host or stay on one host and produce its progeny during the lifetime of the host. Dispersion is facilitated by utilizing many host species and by waiting for the next host; these strategies prolong the generation time. Staying on the host is facilitated by shortening the generation time. Ectoparasites that repeatedly move on and off hosts are thus expected to have wide host preference spectra and long generation times while sedentary ectoparasites are expected to have narrow host preference spectra and short generation times. Population parameters of 27 ectoparasitic species (fleas, lice, mesostigmatic mites, and one ixodid tick species) on cyclic small mammal populations were investigated and a cluster analysis was performed. Three population parameters proved to be important and could be used to form a base for life-trait grouping of the ectoparasites: (i) the host preference spectra; (ii) the time lag between host and parasite peak abundance; and (iii) the intensity of the infestation. Three groups of ectoparasitic life traits were discernible: (i) species with narrow host preference spectra, no time lag (short ectoparasitic generation time), and major infestation: the Anoplura–Laelapinae group; (ii) species with moderate to wide host preference spectra, 1-year time lag (long parasitic generation time), and minor infestation: the Siphonaptera–Haemogamasinae group; (iii) one species, Ixodes trianguliceps, had moderate host preference spectrum, 2-year time lag, and moderate infestation. Ectoparasites, such as trombiculid mites and the tick Ixodes ricinus, which are not confined to small mammals, were missing or very rare on the cyclic small mammal populations. This was predicted by the model.

VL - 66 UR - https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/z88-116 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of the human head louse with disulfiram and benzyl benzoate emulsions. A laboratory study JF - Acta Dermato-Venereologica (Oslo) Y1 - 1984 A1 - Brinck-Lindroth,G. A1 - Lars Lundqvist A1 - Nilsson,A. SP - 325 EP - 330 KW - Benzoates/therapeutic use KW - DDT KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - egg KW - humans KW - larva KW - Lice Infestations/drug therapy KW - Pediculus KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't AB -

The effects of disulfiram, benzyl benzoate and DDT, all components of a common preparation (Tenutex) for the control of the head louse, were tested on louse eggs. A significant higher mortality of eggs was evident after treatment with (i) disulfiram, (ii) benzyl benzoate, (iii) these two substances mixed, and (iv) Tenutex. DDT in this concentration had no effect on the survival of the eggs. Long-time exposure to Tenutex and Tenutex without DDT significantly lowered the hatching frequency of eggs. Almost no hatching occurred after exposure for 24 hours. The survival of larvae hatched from eggs treated with Tenutex was lower than for those treated with Tenutex without DDT. DDT seemed to have an effect primarily on the survival of larvae. Newly hatched larvae were more sensitive to the two Tenutex preparations than older larvae.

CY - SWEDEN VL - 64 SN - 0001-5555 IS - 4 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 0370310; 0 (Benzoates); 0 (Emulsions); 120-51-4 (benzyl benzoate); 50-29-3 (DDT); 97-77-8 (Disulfiram); ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dispersal in patchy environments: effect on the prevalence of small mammal ectoparasites JF - Folia Parasitologica (Praha) Y1 - 1987 A1 - Lars Lundqvist A1 - Anders Edler SP - 357 EP - 367 KW - animals KW - Anoplura KW - Finland KW - host parasite KW - Lice Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary KW - mammal KW - Mite Infestations/epidemiology/parasitology/veterinary KW - Mites/physiology KW - Norway KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - Sweden AB -

Part-time ectoparasites on small mammals disperse via the habitat, while full-time parasites spread throughout the host population by direct contacts between host animals. It is therefore supposed that the effect of the natural environment is different for the two groups. This was studied as differences between observed and expected prevalence, the percentage of the infested host population, during different environmental conditions. Two possible mechanisms of such an effect were analysed, i.e. a) host selection and its change with host frequency and b) parasite migration and reproduction rates as reflected by the frequency distribution patterns on the hosts. As expected the prevalence of full-time ectoparasites (Anoplura and subfamily Laelapinae) could be predicted on the basis of host species frequencies during different environmental conditions, with the exception of one louse species (Hoplopleura acanthopus), because of its restricted distribution. Prediction was not possible for part-time ectoparasites (subfamily Hameogamasinae). Species of the subfamily Haemogamasinae were more catholic in host selection than species of Anoplura and subfamily Laelapinae. The haemogamasin mites changed host species to a greater extent than did Anoplura and Laelapinae. All haemogamasin mites had short-tailed frequency distribution patterns and all Anoplura and Laelapinae, except Hyperlaelaps microti, had long-tailed frequency distributions.

VL - 34 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES T1 - Life tactics and distribution of small mammal ectoparasites (Anoplura, Siphonaptera and Acari) in northernmost Fennoscandia Y1 - 1985 A1 - Lars Lundqvist KW - Beziehung zum Wirt KW - biology KW - ecology KW - Europe KW - Hoplopleura edentula KW - Insectivora KW - Polyplax KW - polyplax serrata KW - rodentia KW - Troester PB - Lund, Sweden. VL - Doctoral Dissertation. N1 - No. 1763 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Small mammals and ectoparasites in Scandinavia T2 - Biocontrol of Rodents Y1 - 1974 A1 - Brinck-Lindroth,G. A1 - Anders Edler A1 - Lars Lundqvist A1 - Nilsson,A. SP - 306 pp. KW - Europe KW - Rodentia. KW - Troester JF - Biocontrol of Rodents VL - Lammi, Finland, N1 - No.1634 ER -