TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemic typhus in the United States associated with flying squirrels JF - Journal of the American Medical Association Y1 - 1981 A1 - Duma,R. J. A1 - Sonenshine,D. E. A1 - Bozeman,F. Marilyn A1 - Veazey,J. M.,Jr A1 - Elisberg,Bennett L. A1 - Chadwick,D. P. A1 - Stocks,N. I. A1 - McGill,T. M. A1 - Miller,G. B.,Jr A1 - MacCormack,J. N. SP - 2318 EP - 2323 KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - Aged KW - animals KW - Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis KW - child KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Disease Vectors KW - humans KW - lice KW - Middle Aged KW - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. KW - Rickettsia prowazekii/immunology KW - Rickettsia rickettsii/immunology KW - Sciuridae KW - typhus KW - U.S.A. AB - Between July 1977 and January 1980, seven cases of sporadic, nonepidemic "epidemic" typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii) were discovered in Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina. The reservoir seemed to be the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans), an animal indigenous to the eastern United States; however, the vector or mode of acquisition was not evident. Diagnosis was established principally through complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence, and toxin neutralization tests. Patients' ages were 11 to 81 years. Most were white women. Six had abrupt onset of illness. Headaches, fever, myalgias, and exanthems were among the presenting complaints. The disease seemed milder than classic louse-born epidemic typhus, but in some instances, it was life-threatening. All patients responded to tetracycline or chloramphenicol. This entity probably is more common than reported, is difficult to recognize, and is produced by an organism seemingly identical to that producing louse-born epidemic typhus. VL - 245 SN - 0098-7484 IS - 22 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychosocial impact of common parasitic diseases JF - Journal of Family Practice Y1 - 1982 A1 - Jones,J. E. SP - 1139, 1143 KW - Acanthocephala KW - Aged KW - Attitude of Health Personnel KW - child KW - Helminths KW - humans KW - lice KW - Lice Infestations/psychology KW - Mothers/psychology KW - Parasitic disease KW - Social Environment CY - UNITED STATES VL - 14 SN - 0094-3509 IS - 6 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 7502590; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relapsing fevers. A review JF - Annales de la Societe Belge de Medecine Tropicale Y1 - 1984 A1 - Goubau,P. F. SP - 335 EP - 364 KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - Africa KW - Aged KW - animals KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use KW - Antibody Formation KW - Arthropod Vectors KW - Asia KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Borrelia KW - child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Europe KW - humans KW - Infant KW - jaundice KW - lice KW - Middle Aged KW - Middle East KW - Relapsing Fever KW - Serologic Tests KW - ticks CY - BELGIUM VL - 64 SN - 0365-6527 IS - 4 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 7511864; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); RF: 119; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arbovirological survey in Silica plateau area, Roznava District, Czechoslovakia JF - Journal of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Immunology Y1 - 1986 A1 - Hubalek,Z. A1 - Černý,Vladimír A1 - Mittermayer,T. A1 - Kilik,J. A1 - Halouzka,J. A1 - Juricova,Z. A1 - Kuhn,I. A1 - Bardos,V. SP - 87 EP - 98 KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - animals KW - Antibodies, Viral/analysis KW - Arboviruses/immunology/isolation & purification KW - cattle KW - child KW - Czechoslovakia KW - goats KW - Hemagglutination KW - humans KW - Lice/microbiology KW - mice KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - Middle Aged KW - Neutralization Tests KW - sheep KW - Ticks/microbiology AB -

The serosurveys conducted in the Silica plateau area of the Slovak karst region revealed the presence of specific neutralizing antibody against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus in 18% of local inhabitants (33 examined, mostly goats and sheep farmers), 54% of goats (26 examined), 18% of sheep (120 examined) and 13% of cattle (60 examined), against Lipovnik (LIP) virus in 30% of inhabitants, 88% of goats, 55% of sheep and 45% of cattle, and against Bhanja (BHA) virus in 27% of inhabitants, 46% of goats, 29% of sheep and 23% of cattle. The results of hemagglutination-inhibition tests with TBE and BHA antigens were analogous. A detailed analysis of these serologic data points to a recent enhancement of the circulation of LIP and BHA viruses and to a very low TBE virus activity in this natural focus of arboviral infections. The immunological surveys of the 32 former "Roznava disease" patients, conducted 25 years after an extensive epidemic of a TBE virus infection that originated in Roznava in 1951, revealed the presence of neutralizing (and also hemagglutination-inhibiting) antibodies against TBE virus in as many as 78% of cases. Antibodies against LIP and BHA viruses were also detectable in the sera of 16% and 9%, respectively, of these individuals. Populations of the ectoparasites examined for the presence of arbovirus comprised 231 Ixodes ricinus, 806 Dermacentor marginatus and 204 Haemaphysalis punctata ticks and 117 specimens of the louse-flies Melophagus ovinus. Two strains of arbivirus that were antigenically related to Lipovnik and Tribec viruses belonging to a group of Kemerovo viruses were isolated from male and female I. ricinus ticks collected from cattle.

CY - CZECHOSLOVAKIA VL - 30 SN - 0022-1732 IS - 1 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 2985116R; 0 (Antibodies, Viral); ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychopathologic and zoological aspects of acarophobia JF - Zentralblatt fur Hygiene und Umweltmedizin = International journal of hygiene and environmental medicine Y1 - 1999 A1 - Frommer,J. A1 - Mielke,U. SP - 425 EP - 432 KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - animals KW - cockroaches KW - Gryllidae KW - humans KW - lice KW - mice KW - Middle Aged KW - Pest Control KW - Social Isolation AB - Acarophobia represents a nosologically inconsistent psychiatric clinical picture which is exceptional in that it is noticed among the clientele of those in charge of pest control, hygienists, health department medical officers and dermatologists rather than in psychiatric practice or mental hospitals. Apart from acarophobia in the course of schizophrenic, affective and organic psychoses as well as cases in which the phobia was induced by another individual, roughly half of the cases were 'pure' forms, i.e. monosymptomatic psychoses mainly occurring at advanced age and in females. Putative parasitisation relates not only to the subject's skin, but also to the premises where the person affected is living. Social isolation appears to rank high among essential causes. Four cases from a pest controller's practice are reported which could not be properly treated because of the subjects' lack of insight into their condition. In this light, it was the aim of the present study to focus the attention of pest controllers and hygienists on interdisciplinary co-operation with psychiatrists as well as with public health departments. VL - 202 SN - 0934-8859 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Over diagnosis and consequent mismanagement of head louse infestations in North America JF - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Y1 - 2000 A1 - Richard J. Pollack A1 - Kiszewski,A. E. A1 - Spielman,Andrew SP - 693 EP - 696; discussion 694 KW - Administration, Topical KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - animals KW - child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - humans KW - incidence KW - Lice Infestations/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - North America/epidemiology KW - Pediculus KW - Permethrin KW - Pyrethrum KW - risk factors KW - scalp KW - Sex Distribution KW - Treatment Outcome AB -

BACKGROUND: Lay personnel and many health care workers in the United States believe that head louse infestations caused by Pediculus capitis are exceedingly transmissible and that infested children readily infest others. Schoolchildren therefore frequently become ostracized and remain so until no signs of their presumed infestations are evident. Repeated applications of pediculicidal product and chronic school absenteeism frequently result.METHODS: To determine how frequently louse-related exclusions from schools and applications of pediculicidal therapeutic regimens might be inappropriate, we invited health care providers as well as nonspecialized personnel to submit specimens to us that were associated with a diagnosis of pediculiasis. Each submission was then characterized microscopically. RESULTS: Health care professionals as well as nonspecialists frequently overdiagnose pediculiasis capitis and generally fail to distinguish active from extinct infestations. Noninfested children thereby become quarantined at least as often as infested children. Traditional anti-louse formulations are overapplied as frequently as are "alternative" formulations. Pediculicidal treatments are more frequently applied to non-infested children than to children who bear active infestations. CONCLUSIONS: Pediculicidal treatments should be applied solely after living nymphal or adult lice or apparently viable eggs have been observed. Because health care providers as well as lay personnel generally misdiagnose pediculiasis, and because few symptoms and no direct infectious processes are known to result, we suggest that the practice of excluding presumably infested children from school may be more burdensome than the infestations themselves.

VL - 19 UR - https://journals.lww.com/pidj/Abstract/2000/08000/Overdiagnosis_and_consequent_mismanagement_of_head.3.aspx IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pediculocidal and scabicidal properties of Lippia multiflora essential oil JF - Journal of Ethnopharmacology Y1 - 2000 A1 - Oladimeji,F. A. A1 - Orafidiya,O. O. A1 - Ogunniyi,T. A. A1 - Adewunmi,T. A. SP - 305 EP - 311 KW - adult KW - Aged KW - animals KW - Chromatography KW - Double Blind KW - humans KW - Lice Infestations/drug therapy KW - Mass Fragmentography KW - Middle Aged KW - Nigeria KW - Oils, Volatile/chemistry/therapeutic use KW - Pediculus KW - Plant Extracts KW - Scabies AB - The essential oil from the leaves of Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Verbenaceae) was tested for its pediculocidal and scabicidal activites against bodylice, headlice and scabies' mites. The 'knockdown' times obtained for bodylice and headlice using lippia oil preparations were comparatively shorter than those obtained using benzyl benzoate and Delvap Super, a brand of dichlorvos. The lethal effect of the lippia oil on headlice was increased when applied in an enclosed system that prevented volatilization of the oil while allowing maximum contact of the vapour with the headlice. A 20% v/v preparation of lippia oil applied to scabietic subjects for 5 consecutive days gave 100% cure compared with 87.5% cure obtained for benzyl benzoate preparation of the same concentration. The GC-MS analysis of oil revealed, among others, the presence of terpineol, alpha- and beta-pinene which are known to be lethal to body and headlice. CY - IRELAND VL - 72 SN - 0378-8741 IS - 1-2 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 7903310; 0 (Oils, Volatile); 0 (Plant Oils); ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What a louse! JF - Medical Journal of Australia Y1 - 2000 A1 - Prociv,P. SP - 603 KW - Aged KW - animals KW - humans KW - lice infestations KW - Pthirus KW - Wit and Humor CY - Australia VL - 173 SN - 0025-729X IS - 11-12 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 0400714; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scabies and lice: review of the clinical features and management principles JF - Dermatology nursing / Dermatology Nurses' Association Y1 - 2001 A1 - Venna,S. A1 - Fleischer,A. B.,Jr A1 - Feldman,S. R. SP - 257 EP - 62; quiz 265 KW - Aged KW - animals KW - child KW - humans KW - Lice Infestations/diagnosis/drug therapy/nursing KW - Pediculus KW - Pruritus KW - Scabies KW - scalp AB -

Health care providers frequently encounter human infestations of scabies and lice. When a person is identified as having either of these infestations, he/she should be treated. More importantly, their close contacts should be examined and treated if needed. It is vital for dermatology nurses to understand the epidemiology, transmission, symptoms, distribution, diagnosis, complications, and treatment for scabies and lice infestations.

CY - United States VL - 13 SN - 1060-3441 UR - https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=googlescholar&id=GALE|A77747846&v=2.1&it=r&sid=AONE&asid=a56b7cb8 IS - 4 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 9011113; RF: 37; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Primary grade teachers' knowledge and perceptions of head lice JF - Journal of School Health Y1 - 2001 DO - DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2001.tb07323.x A1 - Kirchofer,G. M. A1 - J. H. Price A1 - Telljohann,S. K. SP - 448 EP - 452 KW - adult KW - Aged KW - animals KW - health education KW - humans KW - Lice Infestations/prevention & control KW - Middle Aged KW - Pediculus KW - Schools/statistics & numerical data KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - U.S.A. AB -

This study examined primary grade teachers' knowledge of head lice, perceived self-efficacy in dealing with head lice, and preferred resources of additional information on head lice. Survey data from a three-wave mailing (M = 292; 60%) found that teachers needed more knowledge regarding head lice and were significantly more knowledgeable as teaching experience increased. A plurality (46%) had high efficacy expectations scores regarding their ability to control the spread of head lice. Most (71%) primary teachers reported they received most of their head lice information from school nurses. Most (63%) said they would like more information on how to prevent head lice infestation, and they wanted the information in the form of videotapes (68%) and brochures (51%). Only 23% provided yearly instruction regarding head lice.

CY - United States VL - 71 SN - 0022-4391 UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11627544_Primary_Grade_Teachers%27_Knowledge_and_Perceptions_of_Head_Lice IS - 9 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 0376370; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phthirus pubis in a sexually transmitted diseases unit: a study of 14 years JF - Sexually transmitted diseases Y1 - 2003 A1 - Varela,J. A. A1 - Otero,L. A1 - Espinosa,E. A1 - Sánchez,C. A1 - Junquera,M. L. A1 - Vazquez,F. SP - 292 EP - 296 KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - Aged KW - animals KW - humans KW - incidence KW - Lice Infestations/epidemiology/etiology/parasitology KW - Middle Aged KW - Prevalence KW - Pthirus KW - risk factors KW - Sex Factors KW - sexually transmitted disease KW - Spain AB -

BACKGROUND: There have been few epidemiologic studies of pubic lice in recent times, and the exact incidence is unknown. GOAL: The goal was to determine the trends of pubic lice infestation in a risk group of males and female prostitutes in an STD unit in Spain. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective 14-year study, from 1988 to 2001, of all patients attending the STD unit in Gijon (Asturias, Spain), investigating crab lice and other STDs. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-seven patients (2.2%) had pubic lice, with a male/female proportion of 1.8/1. The yearly infestation rate ranged from 1.3% to 4.6%. The mean age was 30.3 years, and 18.8% of patients were older than 35 years. There were more cases involving men who had sex with men (MSM) (P < 0.001) than those involving heterosexual men. Reinfestation occurred in 7.6% of patients, more often in males (P < 0.05) and mainly in MSM (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Infestation rates were stable during the period of study, with more older patients involved than reported previously, and infestation frequently was associated with STDs. MSM were infested and reinfested more often than heterosexual men, and in general reinfestations occurred more frequently in males than in females.

CY - United States VL - 30 SN - 0148-5717 UR - https://journals.lww.com/stdjournal/Fulltext/2003/04000/Phthirus_pubis_in_a_Sexually_Transmitted_Diseases.4.aspx#pdf-link IS - 4 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 7705941; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Head lice diagnosed in general practice in the West Midlands between 1993 and 2000: a survey using the General Practice Research Database JF - Communicable disease and public health / PHLS Y1 - 2003 A1 - Smith,S. A1 - Smith,G. A1 - Heatlie,H. A1 - Bashford,J. A1 - Ashcroft,D. A1 - Millson,D. SP - 139 EP - 143 KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - Age Distribution KW - Aged KW - animals KW - Antiparasitic Agents/therapeutic use KW - child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Communicable Disease KW - England KW - Family Practice KW - humans KW - Infant KW - Lice Infestations/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control KW - Malathion KW - Medical Records KW - Middle Aged KW - Pediculus KW - Permethrin KW - Physician's Practice KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - scalp dermatoses KW - Sex Distribution AB - The potential of the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) for communicable disease surveillance was explored using head lice as an example. All diagnoses of head lice and prescriptions for parasiticidal agents from 1993 to 2000 in the West Midlands were analysed. Diagnoses reached a peak of 28.2 per 1,000 patient years at risk and total prescriptions reached a peak of 27.1 per 1,000 patient years at risk in 1997. Malathion and permethrin were prescribed most often. The proportion of further parasiticidal prescriptions issued within 30 days of the initial prescription increased to a peak of 11.5% of prescriptions in 1997. The ratio of the same:different further prescriptions changed during the study period, reaching a high of 5:1 in 2000. These trends are mirrored by the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Weekly Returns Service and Prescribing Analysis and Cost (PACT) data. Use of GPRD provides additional insights into patient data, particularly on prescribing, that would not be available from other sources. CY - England VL - 6 SN - 1462-1843 IS - 2 N1 - LR: 20041117; JID: 9808711; 0 (Antiparasitic Agents); 121-75-5 (Malathion); 52645-53-1 (Permethrin); ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnostic image (216). A man with a skin eruption JF - Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde Y1 - 2004 A1 - Kraan,E. M. A1 - Renders,N. H. SP - 2324 KW - Aged KW - animals KW - English Abstract KW - groin KW - humans KW - Lice Infestations/diagnosis/parasitology KW - Pruritus KW - Pthirus KW - Sexual Behavior AB - A 68-year-old man under systemic corticosteroid treatment was diagnosed with widespread pediculosis caused by Phthirus pubis. CY - Netherlands VL - 148 SN - 0028-2162 IS - 47 N1 - JID: 0400770; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectoparasites are not a rarity in Germany, too. Lice and scabies alert! JF - MMW Fortschritte der Medizin Y1 - 2004 A1 - Paukstadt,W. SP - 4 EP - 6 KW - adult KW - Age Factors KW - Aged KW - animals KW - child KW - Germany KW - Homes for the Aged KW - humans KW - Immunocompromised Host KW - Infant KW - insecticide KW - Lice Infestations/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology KW - Pediculus KW - Permethrin KW - Scabies KW - scalp CY - Germany VL - 146 IS - 45 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a reduced application time of Ovide lotion (0.5% malathion) compared to Nix creme rinse (1% permethrin) for the treatment of head lice JF - Pediatric dermatology Y1 - 2004 DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0736-8046.2004.21613.x A1 - Meinking,Terri Lynn A1 - Vicaria,M. A1 - Eyerdam,D. H. A1 - Villar,M. E. A1 - Reyna,S. A1 - Suarez,G. SP - 670 EP - 674 KW - adolescent KW - adult KW - Aged KW - animals KW - child KW - Comparative Study KW - Dose-Response KW - Florida KW - humans KW - insecticide KW - Lice Infestations/drug therapy KW - Malathion KW - Middle Aged KW - Pediculus KW - Permethrin KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't KW - scalp dermatoses KW - Single-Blind Method KW - Treatment Outcome AB -

Our objective was to conduct a randomized, investigator-blinded evaluation of the pediculicidal and ovicidal activity of a reduced application time (20 minutes) of Ovide (0.5% malathion) compared to Nix (1% permethrin) in a south Florida population infested with Pediculus humanus capitis. Either Ovide or Nix was applied according to the label instructions. However, Ovide application time was reduced to 20 minutes. At day 8, subjects with live lice were re-treated with the same product and procedure as on day 1. Ovicidal and pediculicidal efficacy were evaluated at days 8 and 15. A subject free of lice and viable eggs at day 15 was considered to be a treatment success. Percent efficacy was calculated using the number of subjects free of lice and viable eggs per total number of subjects treated. We found that a 20-minute application of Ovide was significantly more pediculicidal and ovicidal (98%) compared to Nix (55%) at day 15 (p < 0.0001). The percentage of Ovide subjects who required treatment at day 8 was half that of the Nix group. The reinfestation rate was 0% with Ovide and 33% with Nix. In conclusion, a 20-minute treatment with Ovide, instead of the approved 8- to 12-hour application, cured 40 of 41 subjects (98%), demonstrating superior efficacy to Nix. The poor efficacy of Nix confirms the resistance of head lice to permethrin in south Florida.

CY - United States VL - 21 SN - 0736-8046 UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.0736-8046.2004.21613.x IS - 6 N1 - JID: 8406799; 0 (Insecticides); 121-75-5 (Malathion); 52645-53-1 (Permethrin); ppublish ER -