TY - JOUR T1 - Hitchhiking into the future on a fly: Toward a better understanding of phoresy and avian louse evolution (Phthiraptera) by screening bird carcasses for phoretic lice on hippoboscid flies (Diptera) JF - Systematic Entomology Y1 - 2022 DO - 10.1111/syen.12539 A1 - Leshon Lee A1 - David J. X. Tan A1 - Jozef Oboňa A1 - Daniel R Gustafsson A1 - Yuchen Ang A1 - Rudolf Meier SP - 10 pp KW - birds KW - coevolution KW - Hippoboscidae KW - lice KW - NGS barcoding KW - Phoresy AB -

Many phoretic relationships between arthropods are understudied because of taxonomic impediments. We here illustrate for avian lice riding on hippoboscid flies how new natural history data on phoretic relationships can be acquired quickly with modern and cost-effective barcoding techniques. Most avian lice are host-specific, but some can arrive on new hosts by hitchhiking on hippoboscid flies that feed on bird blood. Our summary of the literature yielded 254 published records which we here show to belong to two large and 13 small interaction networks for birds, flies, and lice. In order to generate new records, we developed a protocol based on screening bird carcasses sourced with the help of citizen scientists. The inspection of 131 carcasses from Singapore led to the first record of a Guimaraesiella Eichler (Ischnocera: Philopteridae) louse species riding on Ornithoica momiyamai Kishida flies collected from a pitta carcass. Phoresy may explain why this louse species is now known from three phylogenetically disparate hosts (Pitta moluccensis (Müller), Ficedula zanthopygia (Hay); Pardaliparus elegans Lesson). A second new case of phoresy enhanced a large interaction network dominated by Ornithophila metallica (Schiner), a cosmopolitan and polyphagous hippoboscid fly species. Overall, we argue that many two- and three-way phoretic relationships between arthropods (e.g., mites, pseudoscorpions, beetles, flies) can be resolved with cost-effective large-scale NGS barcoding, which can be used to partially overcome taxonomic impediments by pre-sorting specimens for taxonomic revision.

UR - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/syen.12539?af=R ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of a Dating Analysis of Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) for the Origins of Phoresis in Feather Lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) JF - Insect Systematics and Diversity Y1 - 2019 DO - 10.1093/isd/ixz008 A1 - Robert S. de_Moya SP - 5 pp KW - Hippoboscidae KW - Hippoboscoidea KW - phoresis KW - Phylogenetics AB -

Hippoboscidae (Samouelle 1819) is a family of blood feeding Diptera, which can be phoretic vectors for para- sitic feather lice (Philopteridae Burmeister 1838). Hippoboscid flies are understood to provide opportunities for increased instances of dispersal and host-switching for feather lice. This intimate relationship between hippoboscid fly and feather louse may have hypothetically existed since the origin of avian-specialized Hippoboscidae. Thus, phoretic dispersal may have affected patterns of diversification in feather lice over millions of years. To test this, a dating analysis of a previously published Hippoboscoidea data set was per- formed using known fossil calibrations.The results of the dating analysis suggest Hippoboscoidea diversified shortly after the K-Pg boundary, similar to their modern vertebrate hosts. A maximum age of the avian feeding Ornithomyini is estimated to have occurred around the origin of parasitic feather lice. This maximum diver- gence date suggest this phoretic relationship could have existed for much of the diversification of avian feather lice and had the potential to influence patterns of diversification due to dispersal and host-switching among avian hosts.

VL - 3 UR - https://academic.oup.com/isd/article/doi/10.1093/isd/ixz008/5525310 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Insect ectoparasites from wild passerine birds in the Czech Republic JF - Parasite Y1 - 2008 DO - 10.1051/parasite/2008154599 A1 - Oldřich Sychra A1 - Ivan Literák A1 - Podzemný, P. A1 - Benedikt, V. SP - 599 EP - 604 KW - Chewing lice KW - flea KW - Hippoboscidae KW - louse-fly KW - Passeriformes KW - Phthiraptera KW - post-breeding migration KW - Siphonoptera AB -

Wild passerine birds (Passeriformes) from northeastern part of the Czech Republic were examined for ectoparasites. Three species of louse-flies of the genus Ornithomya (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), two species of fleas of the genera Ceratophyllus and Dasypsyllus (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), and 15 species of chewing lice belonging to the genera Myrsidea, Menacanthus (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), Brueelia, Penenirmus, Philopterus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) were found on 82 birds of 23 species. New chewing louse-host records are Hippolais icterina for Menacanthus currucae; Motacilla cinerea for Menacanthus pusillus; Turdus philomelos and Motacilla cinerea for Brueelia merulensis; and Sylvia atricapilla for Menacanthus eurysternus. Brueelia neoatricapillae is cited for the first time for the Czech Republic. Parasitological parameters such as prevalence, intensity and abundance are also discussed.

VL - 15 UR - http://www.parasite-journal.org/10.1051/parasite/2008154599 IS - 4 JO - Parasite ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First Record of Ectoparasitic Insects on the Canarian Houbara Bustard (Gruiformes: Otididae) JF - Annales Zoologici Y1 - 2013 DO - 10.3161/000345413X672519 A1 - Kehlmaier, Christian A1 - Quaisser, Christiane SP - 511 EP - 515 KW - Canarian Houbara Bustard KW - Hippoboscidae KW - host-parasite association KW - Phoresy AB -

Data on an infestation of ectoparasites on a Canarian Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata, fuerteventurae Rothschild et Hartert, 1894 are presented for the first time. Two insect groups were discovered: Icosta (Rhyponotum) pilosa (Macquart, 1843) (Hippoboscidae, Diptera) and a possibly unnamed species of Philopteridae (Phthiraptera) closely allied to Otidoecus houbarae (Barthélemy, 1836). For the latter, a DNA-barcode is presented. The philopterid was found in a phoretic relationship with the hippoboscid.

VL - 63 UR - http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/68776.pdf IS - 3 JO - Annales Zoologici ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phoresy of Mallophaga JF - Entomologica Americana Y1 - 1953 A1 - J. C. Bequaert SP - 162 EP - 173, 116 KW - Anoplura KW - Bruelia KW - Hippoboscidae KW - Mallophaga KW - Psocoptera VL - 32 UR - http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/61030.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tutkimus suomen vaiveista, Mallophaga JF - Lounais-Hameen Luonto Y1 - 1969 A1 - Brander,T. SP - 1 EP - 16 KW - Anoplura KW - Hippoboscidae KW - Mallophaga VL - 35 UR - http://phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/61029.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bloodsucking and Non-Bloodsucking Flies in Relation to Human Welfare JF - Annals of the Entomological Society of America Y1 - 1932 A1 - Schwardt,H. H. SP - 603 EP - 613 KW - Hippoboscidae KW - Mallophaga KW - Phoresy VL - 25 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/46530.pdf IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On a species of Lipoptena (Diptera, Hippoboscidae, Melophaginae) from Indian spotted deer and hog deer JF - Indian Veterinary Journal Y1 - 1969 A1 - Chhabra,M. B. A1 - Chander,S. SP - 38 EP - 41 KW - anatomy KW - animals KW - classification KW - deer KW - Hippoboscidae KW - histology KW - India KW - lice CY - INDIA VL - 46 SN - 0019-6479 IS - 1 N1 - LR: 20031114; JID: 0374710; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Therapeutic application of sheep-lice flies in jaundice. JF - Hippokrates Y1 - 1950 A1 - Wigand,R. A1 - Hente,H. SP - 662 EP - 664 KW - Hippoboscidae KW - jaundice VL - 21 SN - 0018-2001 IS - 22 N1 - JID: 0413670; OID: CLML: 5120:34171:346:492; OTO: NLM; ppublish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of vertically transmitted ectoparasites on the reproductive success of swifts (Apus apus) JF - Functional Ecology Y1 - 1996 A1 - Tompkins,D. M. A1 - Jones,T. A1 - Clayton,Dale H. SP - 733 EP - 740 KW - biology KW - bird KW - Chewing lice KW - cost KW - fly KW - growth KW - Hippoboscidae KW - host KW - lice KW - louse KW - parasitism KW - Phthiraptera KW - size KW - survival KW - virulence AB -

1. Parasites that are transmitted vertically from parent hosts to offspring are expected to be relatively benign, because their fitness depends on successful host reproduction. The effects of two species of vertically transmitted ectoparasite on the reproductive success of swifts (Apus apus L.) were tested. Populations of the Chewing Louse, Dennyus hirundinis (L.) (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), and the Flightless Louse Fly, Crataerina pallida (Latreille) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), were experimentally manipulated, effectively converting the natural aggregated frequency distribution of each species into a bimodal distribution of high and low loads. 2. Neither parasite had any effect on nestling growth or fledging success, even though parasite loads were boosted above natural levels and host environmental conditions were poor during part of the study, thus increasing the chances of detecting an effect of the parasites. 3. In contrast to parasite load, year, brood size and hatch date were all significantly related to components of nestling growth. Year and brood size were also significantly related to fledging success. 4. These results are consistent with theoretical models suggesting that vertically transmitted parasites evolve reduced virulence because they depend on host reproduction for dispersal to new hosts.

VL - 10 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/3000.pdf IS - 6 U2 - pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - First record of a louse fly, Stilbometopa impressa (Bigot), and new host for Microlynchia pusilla (Speiser) (Hippoboscidae) from the Cape Region, Baja California Sur, Mexico JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases Y1 - 1996 A1 - Llinas,Jorge A1 - Jimenez,Maria Luisa SP - 338 EP - 339 KW - California KW - Callipepla KW - flies KW - Hippoboscidae KW - impressa KW - louse KW - Microlynchia KW - Stilbometopa AB - Nine of thirty California quail (Callipepla californica achrustera) captured in autumn of 1992, 17 lan west of La Pat, Baja California Sur, Mexico, were parasitized by louse flies. We identified eight Microlynchia pusilla and three Stilbometopa impressa from 30 quails in the ratio of 2.75:1. These are the first records of S. impressa for Cape Region and the first time either fly has been reported from the California quail in Baja California Sur. VL - 32 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38603.pdf IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution to the knowledge of the Ornithomyini of Israel (Diptera, Hippoboscidae) JF - Israel Journal of Zoology Y1 - 1995 A1 - Bear,A. A1 - Freidberg,A. SP - 109 EP - 124 KW - Hippoboscidae KW - Survey AB - A survey of the bird-parasitizing louse flies (Ornithomyini) in Israel was carried out between 1990 and 1993. Specimens belonging to 13 species were examined. Seven species were previously known from Israel (Icosta ardeae (Macquart), I. meda (Maa), I. minor (Bigot), Ornithoica turdi Olivier, Ornithomya chloropus (Bergroth), Ornithophila metallica (Schiner), and Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart)), and six species are recorded as new to the Israeli fauna (Crataerina pallida Olivier, from swifts (Apus apus); Icosta zumpti Maa, from a buzzard (Buteo buteo); Ornithomya avicular ia L., from a blackbird (Turdus merula); Ornithomya biloba Dufour, from swallows (Hirundo rustica) and sand martins (Riparia riparia); Orithomya gigantea n. sp. (described here), from a blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla); and Ornithophila gestroi Rondani, from lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni)). Louse flies were found on 26 species of birds, 24 of which constitute new host records for Israel. VL - 41 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exotic ectoparasites of ostriches recently imported into the United States JF - Journal of Wildlife Diseases Y1 - 1991 A1 - James W. Mertins A1 - Schlater,Jack L. SP - 180 EP - 182 KW - amblyomma KW - fly KW - haemaphysalis KW - Hippoboscidae KW - ixodid KW - louse KW - ostrich KW - parasite KW - rhipicephalus turanicus KW - spp KW - struthiobosca KW - struthionis KW - Survey KW - ticks AB - Eleven species of ectoparasitic arthropods were collected and identified from ostriches (Struthio camelus) recently imported into the United States from Africa and Europe. Four of these species are reported from ostriches for the first time. The parasites included adult hippoboscid flies (Struthiobosca struthionis) and 10 species of adult ixodid ticks (Amblyomma gemma, A. lepidum, A. variegatum, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hyalomma albiparmatum, H. luscitanicum, H. marginatum rufipes, H. truncatum, Hyalomma sp., and Rhipicephalus turanicus. As a result of these findings, the U.S. Department of Agriculture prohibited further importation into the United States of ostriches and other flightless birds on an interim basis. VL - 27 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/38344.pdf IS - 1 N1 - no lice? ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Population biology of swift (Apus apus) ectoparasites in relation to host reproductive success JF - Ecological Entomology Y1 - 1995 A1 - Lee,Patricia L. M. A1 - Clayton,Dale H. SP - 43 EP - 50 KW - Apodidae KW - bird KW - Diptera KW - fly KW - Hippoboscidae KW - louse KW - Phthiraptera KW - transmission KW - virulence AB -

1. We censused ectoparasite populations of adult nestling swifts over the course of the hosts breeding season. Nearly all of the birds were infested with chewing lice and two thirds of the nests were infested with louse flies. Feather mites were observed but not quantified.

VL - 20 UR - http://www.phthiraptera.info/sites/phthiraptera.info/files/0042.pdf U2 - pdf ER -