<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anika Preuss</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gorb,Stanislav N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander Kovalev</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander E. Filippov</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Role of the Setae in an Ectoparasitic Seal Louse in Reducing Surface Drag: Numerical Modeling Approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Advanced Theory and Simulations</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomechanics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fluid dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marine mammals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">movable automata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parasitism</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-08-2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adts.202500429</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11 pp</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;jats italic=&quot;&quot;&gt;Echinophthirius horridus&lt;/jats&gt;, an ectoparasitic seal louse adapted for living on diving wildlife in the marine environment, exhibits unique cuticular morphology with dense body coverage of characteristically‐shaped setae. This study investigates their potential role in reducing drag during the host&amp;#39;s diving activities. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) examines &lt;jats italic=&quot;&quot;&gt;E. horridus&lt;/jats&gt; setae morphology, revealing stair‐like elevations and gradual sclerotization increase from base to tip. Numerical simulations using movable cellular automata (MCA) demonstrate that optimal inclination of surface protrusions leads to vortex formation, potentially reducing friction and energy losses. Vertical protrusions cause stronger flow perturbations and higher energy dissipation compared to natural inclination. Over time, as flow self‐organizes, total power losses decrease, suggesting natural selection optimized surface structure inclination and spacing to minimize friction and energy losses. Comparisons with shark scales reveal morphological similarities but different drag reduction mechanisms, with seal louse setae utilizing a &amp;ldquo;ball‐bearing&amp;rdquo; effect and shark scales relying on a &amp;ldquo;riblet effect.&amp;rdquo; This study provides insights into surface topography&amp;#39;s influence on fluid dynamics at small scales, with potential applications in understanding biological surfaces and designing reduced surface drag artificial surfaces.&lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10 (e00429)</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Open access</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anika Preuss</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas Schwaha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander Kovalev</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Ebmer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insa Herzog</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristina Lehnert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corvin Grass</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Freya Sandberg</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elias Hamann</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marcus Zuber</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van de Kamp, Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gorb,Stanislav N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ectoparasitic seal louse, &lt;i&gt;Echinophthirius horridus&lt;/i&gt;, relies on a sealed tracheal system and spiracle closing apparatus for underwater respiration</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communications Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun-03-2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-025-08285-4</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13 pp</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;jats p=&quot;&quot;&gt;Marine mammals host a diverse array of parasites engaged in a continuous evolutionary arms race. However, our understanding of the biology of parasitic insects associated with marine mammals, particularly their adaptations to challenging marine environments, remains limited. The seal louse, &lt;jats italic=&quot;&quot;&gt;Echinophthirius horridus&lt;/jats&gt;, which infests true seals, is one of thirteen insect species capable of enduring prolonged dives in open seas. This ectoparasite has evolved several adaptations to withstand extreme conditions, such as low oxygen levels (hypoxia), temperature fluctuations, hydrostatic pressure, and strong drag forces during dives. To prevent drowning during their host&amp;rsquo;s 20&amp;ndash;35&amp;thinsp;min dives, seal lice have developed specialized respiratory mechanisms that allow them to survive in oxygen-poor waters and at depths up to 600&amp;thinsp;m. Advanced imaging techniques, including CLSM, SEM, synchrotron &lt;jats italic=&quot;&quot;&gt;X&lt;/jats&gt;-ray microtomography, and histological sectioning and 3D-reconstruction, have revealed a specialized spiracle closing apparatus for storing oxygen in their tracheal system. Furthermore, our buoyancy experiments showed that the lice consume oxygen under water and, with morphological data, provide what is to our knowledge the first direct evidence against plastron presence. These findings enhance our understanding of the physical adaptations of lice and their survival in extreme ecological conditions, contributing to broader ecological and evolutionary theories.&lt;/jats&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">852</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Open access</style></work-type></record></records></xml>