Establecimiento de un nuevo género de piojos (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) asociado al hombre (Primates: Hominidae)

In this paper we examine 15 morphological characteres with multivariable statistics (DFA), for the speciesPediculus capitis, P. humanus and P. pseudohumanus and an analysis of phylogenetic contrast is presented for Pediculoid, Pediculid and Parapediculid lineages. Molecular data for the species P. capitis and P. humanus are analized showing a 26,82% of divergence. The morphological and ecological data analyzed with the phylogenetic contrasts exhibit a divergence between the three lineages of 36% (with ± 1 million years old) for P. humanus, versus 56% for Parapediculus + Pediculus (with 1,6 myo for Pediculus and 0,013 myo for Parapediculus). We conclude that the lineage that contain the P. capitis species may be separated as a new genus, Anthropophthirus, and a key for its species is presented here.